Modali i prilozi verovatnoćeEngleske reči

by DuoCards

*Kolike su šanse?* Da biste govorili o verovatnoći na engleskom, trebalo bi da naučite neke priloge za verovatnoću. *Prilozi za verovatnoću* se koriste da pokažu koliko smo sigurni u neku situaciju ili događaj. Hajde da naučimo neke od najčešćih!

definitely

definitivno

I will definitely be at the airport to meet you.

He will definitely regret it.

On će se definitivno pokajati.

apparently

očigledno

Apparently, it is going to rain tomorrow.

Apparently, they are moving to another city.

Izgleda da se sele u drugi grad.

undoubtedly

nesumnjivo

He will undoubtedly pass the exam with flying colors.

certainly

svakako

It will certainly rain tomorrow.

perhaps

možda

Perhaps she was right.

obviously

očigledno

She was obviously sick.

He obviously lied.

Očigledno je lagao.

he obviously lied to me

probably

verovatno

It will probably rain today.

They are probably sleeping.

Verovatno spavaju.

Perhaps you were right.

Možda si bio u pravu.

*Модални глаголи* Модални глаголи су прилично чести у енглеском језику; видели сте их на делу стотине пута чак и ако нисте знали како се зову. Уобичајени примери модалних глагола су "can", "should", и "must". Пошто су врста *помоћног глагола (помоћног глагола)* , они се користе уз *инфинитивни облик главног глагола* реченице. "Can you drive me to the airport?" "You should try the lasagna."

I can't swim.

Ne znam da plivam.

I can't swim very well.

You must wash your hands.

Moraš oprati ruke.

You must wash your hands before cooking.

to order tickets

naručiti karte

She must order tickets in advance if she wants to go to the theater.

Can I have some water?

Mogu li dobiti malo vode?

to focus

fokusirati se

Mary can’t focus because her brother is playing the drums.

You should go.

Trebalo bi da ideš.

It's getting late. You should go home now.

entire

ceo

I can eat an entire pizza.

We can see the entire city from this hill.

Sa ovog brda se vidi ceo grad.

Everybody can dance!

Svako može da pleše!

*Способност* Модални глагол "can"изражава да ли је субјекат реченице *у стању да нешто уради.* Слично томе, одрични облик "can’t"показује да субјекат *није у стању да нешто уради.* "She can speak three languages." "I can't cook very well." "CAN"а "CAN'T"такође показати захтев, дозволу и могућност.

I can speak English.

Govorim engleski.

I can speak English pretty good.

to ride a bike

voziti bicikl

He can't ride a bike.

He can walk.

On može da hoda.

My one-year-old son can walk already.

to take a day off

uzeti slobodan dan

Can I take a day off?

What languages can you speak?

Koje jezike govorite?

chopsticks

štapići

They can eat with chopsticks.

Can you help us?

Možete li nam pomoći?

Can you help us with the homework?

Can I go to the bathroom?

Mogu li da idem u toalet?

My sister can surf well.

Moja sestra dobro surfuje.

"Can"*или* "be able to?" Оба "can"речника, и , "be able to"имају исто значење. Користе се да би се говорило о способности. Али "can"се користи да би се говорило о *општим способностима* , а "be able to"се користи да би се говорило о *специфичним способностима.* У неким случајевима су заменљиви. На пример: "I can swim."(уопштено) али "I'm not able to swim today." Негативни облик "to be able to"је "to be unable to", на пример: "She nodded, unable to speak." "Be able to"се понекад користи *после модалних глагола* као што су "might"или "should", и после глагола као што су "want", "hope", или "expect".

to be able to

biti u stanju

The animals are able to move around.

I might be able to come.

Možda ću moći da dođem.

I might be able to come to the party tonight.

the entrance fee

ulaznica

We were unable to afford the entrance fee.

to whistle

zviždati

She whistled to her dog to come back to her.

He can read and write.

On zna da čita i piše.

to envy

zavideti

I envy people who can sing.

I envy children who can learn languages so quickly.

Zavidim deci koja tako brzo uče jezike.

unable to speak

nemogućnost govora

They nodded, unable to speak.

nervous

nervozan

He was nervous about the exam results.

He was so nervous that he was unable to speak.

Bio je toliko nervozan da nije mogao da govori.

to attend

pohađati

We will be able to attend the class next semester.

I might be able to help you.

Možda ću moći da ti pomognem.

*Једноставна прошлост* Модални глаголи "can"и "will"имају посебне облике прошлог времена: "can"→ "could" "will"→ "would" После "could"глагола  или  "would", увек користимо *основни облик главног глагола* (инфинитив без  "to"). "Would"користи се за прошле навике. Примери: "I could do a handstand when I was a kid."(= Имао/ла сам ту способност у прошлости) "During exam season in college, I would not sleep much."(= ово ми је била навика у прошлости)

a handstand

stoj na rukama

I could do a handstand when I was a kid.

barely

jedva

He could barely walk.

When I was a student, I would study late at night.

Dok sam studirao, učio bih do kasno u noć.

a countryside

selo

Every summer, we would visit my grandparents in the countryside.

Svakog leta smo odlazili kod babe i dede na selo.

to smell

mirisati

I could smell something burning.

When I was a kid, I could run very fast.

Kad sam bio mali, mogao sam da trčim veoma brzo.

"Would"и "could"*због љубазности* Користимо "could"*да упућујемо љубазне захтеве или предлоге* (љубазније него "can"). "Could you help me, please?" "I could lend you some money if you need it." Користимо "would"*за учтиве понуде* или *да бисмо звучали мање директно.* "I would like a coffee."(= љубазнији него "I want a coffee.") "Would you like to join us?"

Could you help me, please?

Možete li mi pomoći, molim Vas?

Excuse me, could you help me, please? I'm lost.

Could I ... ?

Da li bih mogao...?

Could I have some tea, please?

Would you ...?

Da li bi želeo...?

Would you like to go?

Would you like some coffee?

Želite li kafu?

That would be great!

To bi bilo sjajno!

Would it be possible?

Da li bi to bilo moguće?

Would it be possible to see him?

Could you repeat it?

Možete li to da ponovite?

Could you please repeat what you just said?

Could you open the window, please?

Možete li otvoriti prozor, molim Vas?

I would like a cup of tea.

Voleo bih šolju čaja.

Would you like some help?

Želiš li pomoć?

*Мај и мај* Користите "may"и "might"да бисте говорили о томе шта *ће се могуће догодити* у будућности "May"и "might"значе *можда хоће.* Могу се односити на будућност или садашњост. *Примери:* "I might have a pen in my bag."( = садашња употреба) "She may arrive tomorrow."( = будућа употреба) "May"и "might"су *модални глаголи* попут "can", "will", и "should", тако да прате *иста правила.* 1) *Не додајте -s трећем лицу једнине.* 2) Да бисте формирали *негативну функцију* , додајте "not"после "may"и "might." 3) "May"може се користити са *ја* или *ми* да би се поднели *захтеви.* 4) "May"и "might"увек их прати *глагол у инфинитивном облику*

might be

može biti

He might be right.

We might be there.

Možda ćemo biti tamo.

an episode

epizoda

I might watch another episode.

He might come.

Možda će doći.

She may not come.

Možda neće doći.

She may not come to the party if she feels tired.

to be invited

biti pozvan

We may be invited but I'm not sure.

May I have some tea?

Mogu li dobiti čaj?

May I have some tea, please?

I might go.

Možda ću ići.

We might go to the beach if the weather is nice.

May I?

Mogu li?

May I borrow your pen, please?

force

sila

The police used force to control the crowd.

May the force be with you.

Neka sila bude sa tobom.

*Прошли модални глаголи за одбитак* "Might"и "may"може се користити и за *погађање шта се догодило у прошлости.* Облик: "might"/ "may"/ "may not have"/ "might not have"+ *глаголски партицип прошли* "I might have seen him before."(= Нисам сигуран/сигурна, али је могуће) "He might not have received the message."(= Можда га није примио)

She may have left.

Možda je otišla.

the noise

buka

What was that noise outside? I think it may have been a cat.

I might have bought...

Možda sam kupio...

I might have bought the wrong brand.

Možda sam kupio pogrešnu marku.

to offend

uvrediti

Your comment may have offended some people.

He might have been...

Mogao je biti...

They might have been happier if they had stayed together.

He might have been here before.

Možda je već bio ovde.

to receive

primiti

He might not have received our message.

We might not have received...

Možda nismo dobili...

We might not have received your emails because of some internet connection issues.

to remove

ukloniti

It may have been removed.

She might have lost her keys.

Možda je izgubila ključeve.

I might have seen him before.

Možda sam ga već ranije video.

*Мора да је била љубав!* Када говорите о нечему у прошлости што се могло догодити и *готово сте сигурни да је ваша претпоставка тачна* , користите "must have + past participle verb." "It must have been him!" Када говорите о нечему што *се није догодило* у прошлости и скоро сте сигурни у то, користите "couldn't"/ "can't have"+ *глаголски прилог прошли.* "He couldn't have forgotten about it!"

You must have seen it.

Sigurno si to video.

You must have seen the new movie that just came out.

I must have been here before.

Mora da sam već bio ovde.

As I walked through the park, I realized I must have been here before.

to forget

zaboraviti

I've forgotten about it.

He couldn't have forgotten.

Nije mogao da zaboravi.

He couldn't have forgotten about the appointment.

to be exhausted

biti iscrpljen

I'm totally exhausted!

You must have been exhausted.

Mora da si bio iscrpljen.

After running the marathon, you must have been exhausted.

She must have left it there.

Mora da ga je tamo ostavila.

She must have left the toy in the garden.

to get stuck

zaglaviti se

He could have gotten stuck in traffic.

It couldn't have been her.

To nije mogla biti ona.

When the teacher asked who broke the window, I said, "It couldn't have been her; she was with me the whole time."

It must have been love!

Mora da je to bila ljubav!

When I saw her smile, I knew it must have been love.

*Коришћење модалних прозора за препоруке* Већ знате да *модални глаголи* показују *могућност, намеру, способност или нужност.* Хајде да погледамо неке модалне прозоре који се могу користити за *давање препорука.* "Must"може се користити за давање јасне препоруке. Такође можете користити "have to"за препоруке, али "must"је чешћи. ( "Have to"се генерално користи да се говори о правилима и стварима које су ван ваше контроле.) "Should"и "ought to"користе се за давање предлога. "Could"користи се да да опцију. "Don’t have to"користи се да се каже да нешто није неопходно. "Shouldn't"користи се да некога нежно упозори да не ради нешто. "Mustn’t"користи се да се неко снажно упозори да нешто не ради.

You must see it!

Moraš to da vidiš!

You shouldn't ...

Ne bi trebalo da ...

You shouldn’t walk home alone after dark.

to be alone

biti sam

She shouldn't be alone.

to retake (an exam)

ponovo polagati

She has failed her exam. She has to retake it.

I don't have to do this.

Ne moram ovo da radim.

less

manje

You ought to drink less.

He could stay...

Mogao bi da ostane...

He could stay at my place.

to make an appointment

zakazati termin

You have to make an appointment to see him.

You don't have to drive.

Ne moraš da voziš.

Do you have to go?

Moraš li da ideš?

*Требало би* "Should have"може се користити да *изрази жаљење за прошлошћу* – да пожели да се нешто у прошлости догодило на другачији начин: "I should have studied for my exam!" (Нисам учио за испите. Пао сам. Сада бих волео да је прошлост другачија.) Схоулд хаве се такође може користити за *разговор о нечему што сте очекивали да ће се догодити* , али се није догодило (или се није догодило тек касније). "The letter should have arrived by now, but it hasn’t come yet." (Очекивао сам писмо, али га нема).

You should have been here.

Trebalo je da budeš ovde.

to let (someone) know

javiti (nekome)

I should have let you know.

You should have called.

Trebalo je da pozoveš.

to stay awake

ostati budan

I'm really tired today. I should not have stayed awake so late last night.

We should have studied more.

Trebalo je više da učimo.

to shout at

vikati na

I shouldn't have shouted at her.

They should have stayed.

Trebalo je da ostanu.

They should have stayed in the bunker.

to take advice

prihvatiti savet

You should have taken advice.

I should have known better.

Trebalo je da znam bolje.

by now

do sada

He should be married by now.

I should have never let you go.

Nikada nije trebalo da te pustim da odeš.

to renew

obnoviti

I should have renewed my travel insurance.

You should have done that.

Trebalo je to da uradiš.

*Воља + прилози вероватноће* Хајде сада да увежбамо прилоге вероватноће које смо научили на почетку овог курса! Можете користити "will"и "won’t"са различитим прилозима да покажете *колико је вероватан будући догађај.* "I’ll maybe go to the party." "I’ll probably go to the party." "I’ll definitely go to the party." "I’ll certainly go to the party."