Mga Modal at Pang-abay ng PosibilidadMga salitang Ingles

by DuoCards

Upang pag-usapan ang posibilidad sa Ingles, dapat mong matutunan ang ilan sa mga pang-abay ng posibilidad. Ang mga pang-abay ng posibilidad ay ginagamit upang ipakita kung gaano tayo kasigurado tungkol sa isang sitwasyon o pangyayari. Tara't alamin natin ang ilan sa mga pinaka-karaniwang ito!

definitely

sigurado

I will definitely be at the airport to meet you.

He will definitely regret it.

Siguradong magsisisi siya.

apparently

ayon sa balita

Apparently, it is going to rain tomorrow.

Apparently, they are moving to another city.

Mukhang lilipat sila sa ibang lungsod.

undoubtedly

walang duda

He will undoubtedly pass the exam with flying colors.

certainly

sigurado

It will certainly rain tomorrow.

perhaps

baka

Perhaps she was right.

obviously

maliwanag

She was obviously sick.

He obviously lied.

Halatang nagsinungaling siya.

he obviously lied to me

probably

siguro

It will probably rain today.

They are probably sleeping.

Malamang ay natutulog sila.

Perhaps you were right.

Baka tama ka.

*Modal na pandiwa* Ang mga modal na pandiwa ay karaniwan sa Ingles; daan-daang beses mo na silang nakitang kumilos kahit na hindi mo alam kung ano ang tawag sa kanila. Kasama sa mga karaniwang halimbawa ng modal verb ang "can", "should", at "must". Dahil ang mga ito ay isang uri ng *pantulong na pandiwa (helper verb)* , ginagamit ang mga ito kasama ng *infinitive na anyo ng pangunahing pandiwa* ng isang pangungusap. "Can you drive me to the airport?" "You should try the lasagna."

I can't swim.

Hindi ako marunong lumangoy.

I can't swim very well.

You must wash your hands.

Kailangan mong maghugas ng iyong mga kamay.

You must wash your hands before cooking.

to order tickets

mag-order ng mga tiket

She must order tickets in advance if she wants to go to the theater.

Can I have some water?

Puwede ba akong humingi ng tubig?

to focus

mag-focus

Mary can’t focus because her brother is playing the drums.

You should go.

Dapat ka nang umalis.

It's getting late. You should go home now.

entire

buo

I can eat an entire pizza.

We can see the entire city from this hill.

Mula sa burol na ito, makikita ang buong lungsod.

Everybody can dance!

Kahit sino ay pwedeng sumayaw!

*Kakayahan* Ang modal verb "can"ay nagpapahayag kung ang paksa ng isang pangungusap ay *may kakayahang gumawa ng isang bagay.* Gayundin, ang negatibong anyo "can’t"ay nagpapakita na ang paksa ay *walang magawa.* "She can speak three languages." "I can't cook very well." "CAN"at "CAN'T"ipakita din ang kahilingan, pahintulot, at posibilidad.

I can speak English.

Marunong akong mag-Ingles.

I can speak English pretty good.

to ride a bike

magbisikleta

He can't ride a bike.

He can walk.

Marunong na siyang lumakad.

My one-year-old son can walk already.

to take a day off

mag-leave o kumuha ng day off

Can I take a day off?

What languages can you speak?

Anong mga wika ang alam mong salitain?

chopsticks

mga chopstick

They can eat with chopsticks.

Can you help us?

Matutulungan mo ba kami?

Can you help us with the homework?

Can I go to the bathroom?

Maaari ba akong pumunta sa banyo?

My sister can surf well.

Magaling mag-surf ang kapatid kong babae.

"Can"*o* "be able to?" Pareho "can"at "be able to"may parehong kahulugan. Nakasanayan na nilang pag-usapan ang kakayahan. Ngunit "can"ginagamit upang pag-usapan ang tungkol sa *pangkalahatang kakayahan* , at "be able to"ginagamit upang pag-usapan ang *partikular na kakayahan.* Sa ilang mga kaso sila ay mapagpapalit. Halimbawa: "I can swim."(sa pangkalahatan) ngunit "I'm not able to swim today." Ang negatibong anyo ng "to be able to"ay "to be unable to", halimbawa: "She nodded, unable to speak." "Be able to"minsan ay ginagamit *pagkatapos ng mga modal* gaya ng "might"o "should", at pagkatapos ng mga pandiwa gaya ng "want", "hope", o "expect".

to be able to

kayang

The animals are able to move around.

I might be able to come.

Baka makapunta ako.

I might be able to come to the party tonight.

the entrance fee

ang bayad sa pagpasok

We were unable to afford the entrance fee.

to whistle

pumito

She whistled to her dog to come back to her.

He can read and write.

Marunong siyang magbasa at magsulat.

to envy

mainggit

I envy people who can sing.

I envy children who can learn languages so quickly.

Kinaiinggitan ko ang mga bata na napakabilis matuto ng mga wika.

unable to speak

hindi makapagsalita

They nodded, unable to speak.

nervous

kinakabahan

He was nervous about the exam results.

He was so nervous that he was unable to speak.

Sobrang kaba niya kaya hindi siya makapagsalita.

to attend

dumalo

We will be able to attend the class next semester.

I might be able to help you.

Baka matulungan kita.

*Simpleng nakaraan* Ang mga modal verbs "can"at "will"may mga espesyal na past tense form: "can"→ "could" "will"→ "would" Pagkatapos ng "could"o "would", palagi naming ginagamit *ang batayang anyo ng pangunahing pandiwa* (ang infinitive na walang "to"). "Would"ay ginagamit para sa mga nakaraang gawi. Mga halimbawa: "I could do a handstand when I was a kid."(= Mayroon akong kakayahan sa nakaraan) "During exam season in college, I would not sleep much."(= ganito ang ugali ko noon)

a handstand

isang handstand

I could do a handstand when I was a kid.

barely

halos hindi

He could barely walk.

When I was a student, I would study late at night.

Noong estudyante pa ako, nag-aaral ako hanggang madaling-araw.

a countryside

isang probinsya

Every summer, we would visit my grandparents in the countryside.

Tuwing tag-init, pumupunta kami sa aming mga lolo at lola sa probinsya.

to smell

amuyin

I could smell something burning.

When I was a kid, I could run very fast.

Noong bata pa ako, kaya kong tumakbo nang napakabilis.

"Would"at "could"*para sa pagiging magalang* Ginagamit namin "could"*upang gumawa ng magalang na mga kahilingan o mungkahi* (mas magalang kaysa sa "can"). "Could you help me, please?" "I could lend you some money if you need it." Ginagamit namin "would"*para sa mga magalang na alok* o *sa hindi gaanong direktang tunog.* "I would like a coffee."(= mas magalang kaysa sa "I want a coffee.") "Would you like to join us?"

Could you help me, please?

Maaari mo ba akong tulungan, pakiusap?

Excuse me, could you help me, please? I'm lost.

Could I ... ?

Maaari ko bang ... ?

Could I have some tea, please?

Would you ...?

Gusto mo bang...?

Would you like to go?

Would you like some coffee?

Gusto mo ba ng kape?

That would be great!

Napakaganda niyan!

Would it be possible?

Posible ba ito?

Would it be possible to see him?

Could you repeat it?

Maaari mo bang ulitin iyon?

Could you please repeat what you just said?

Could you open the window, please?

Maaari mo bang buksan ang bintana, pakiusap?

I would like a cup of tea.

Gusto ko sana ng isang tasa ng tsaa.

Would you like some help?

Gusto mo ba ng tulong?

*May at Might* Gamitin "may"at "might"pag-usapan kung ano *ang posibleng mangyari* sa hinaharap. "May"at "might"ibig sabihin *siguro ay.* Maaari silang sumangguni sa hinaharap o sa kasalukuyan. *Mga halimbawa:* "I might have a pen in my bag."( = kasalukuyang gamit) "She may arrive tomorrow."( = paggamit sa hinaharap) "May"at "might"ang mga *modal verb* tulad ng "can", "will", at "should", kaya sinusunod nila *ang parehong mga patakaran.* 1) *Huwag magdagdag ng -s sa pangatlong panauhan na isahan.* 2) Upang bumuo ng *negatibong* , idagdag "not"pagkatapos "may"at "might." 3) "May"ay maaaring gamitin sa *I* o sa *amin* upang gumawa *ng mga kahilingan.* 4) "May"at "might"palaging sinusundan ng isang *pandiwa sa anyong pawatas.*

might be

maaari

He might be right.

We might be there.

Baka nandoon kami.

an episode

isang kabanata

I might watch another episode.

He might come.

Baka dumating siya.

She may not come.

Baka hindi siya dumating.

She may not come to the party if she feels tired.

to be invited

maimbitahan

We may be invited but I'm not sure.

May I have some tea?

Maaari ba akong humingi ng tsaa?

May I have some tea, please?

I might go.

Baka pumunta ako.

We might go to the beach if the weather is nice.

May I?

Maaari ba?

May I borrow your pen, please?

force

lakas

The police used force to control the crowd.

May the force be with you.

Sumaiyo nawa ang lakas.

*Mga Nakaraang Modal para sa Pagbawas* "Might"at "may"magagamit din para *hulaan ang nangyari sa nakaraan.* Anyo: "might"// "may""may not have"/ "might not have"+ *past participle verb* "I might have seen him before."(= Hindi ako sigurado, ngunit posible) "He might not have received the message."(= Baka hindi niya natanggap)

She may have left.

Baka umalis na siya.

the noise

ang ingay

What was that noise outside? I think it may have been a cat.

I might have bought...

Baka nakabili ako ng...

I might have bought the wrong brand.

Baka maling brand ang nabili ko.

to offend

mainsulto

Your comment may have offended some people.

He might have been...

Maaaring siya ay...

They might have been happier if they had stayed together.

He might have been here before.

Baka nakapunta na siya rito noon.

to receive

tanggapin

He might not have received our message.

We might not have received...

Maaaring hindi namin natanggap...

We might not have received your emails because of some internet connection issues.

to remove

alisin

It may have been removed.

She might have lost her keys.

Baka nawala niya ang kanyang mga susi.

I might have seen him before.

Baka nakita ko na siya dati.

*Dapat ay pag-ibig!* Kapag nag-usap ka tungkol sa isang bagay sa nakaraan na maaaring nangyari at *halos sigurado kang tama ang iyong hula* , gamitin "must have + past participle verb." "It must have been him!" Kapag pinag-uusapan mo ang isang bagay na *hindi nangyari* sa nakaraan at halos sigurado ka tungkol dito, gumamit ng "couldn't"/ "can't have"+ *past participle verb.* "He couldn't have forgotten about it!"

You must have seen it.

Siguradong nakita mo na iyon.

You must have seen the new movie that just came out.

I must have been here before.

Dapat ay nakapunta na ako rito noon.

As I walked through the park, I realized I must have been here before.

to forget

makalimot

I've forgotten about it.

He couldn't have forgotten.

Hindi niya maaaring nakalimutan.

He couldn't have forgotten about the appointment.

to be exhausted

mapagod nang husto

I'm totally exhausted!

You must have been exhausted.

Siguradong pagod na pagod ka na noon.

After running the marathon, you must have been exhausted.

She must have left it there.

Siguradong naiwan niya iyon doon.

She must have left the toy in the garden.

to get stuck

ma-stuck

He could have gotten stuck in traffic.

It couldn't have been her.

Hindi maaaring siya iyon.

When the teacher asked who broke the window, I said, "It couldn't have been her; she was with me the whole time."

It must have been love!

Pag-ibig na pala 'yon!

When I saw her smile, I knew it must have been love.

*Paggamit ng mga Modal para sa Mga Rekomendasyon* Alam mo na na ang *mga modal verb* ay nagpapakita *ng posibilidad, layunin, kakayahan, o pangangailangan.* Tingnan natin ang ilang mga modal na maaaring magamit upang *magbigay ng mga rekomendasyon.* "Must"ay maaaring gamitin upang magbigay ng isang malakas na rekomendasyon. Maaari mo ring gamitin "have to"para sa mga rekomendasyon, ngunit "must"mas karaniwan. ( "Have to"ay karaniwang ginagamit upang pag-usapan ang tungkol sa mga patakaran at mga bagay na hindi mo kontrolado.) "Should"at "ought to"ginagamit sa pagbibigay ng mungkahi. "Could"ay ginagamit upang magbigay ng opsyon. "Don’t have to"ay ginagamit upang sabihin na ang isang bagay ay hindi kailangan. "Shouldn't"ay ginagamit upang balaan ang isang tao nang malumanay laban sa paggawa ng isang bagay. "Mustn’t"ay ginagamit upang bigyan ng babala ang isang tao laban sa paggawa ng isang bagay.

You must see it!

Dapat mo itong makita!

You shouldn't ...

Hindi mo dapat ...

You shouldn’t walk home alone after dark.

to be alone

mag-isa

She shouldn't be alone.

to retake (an exam)

kumuha muli ng pagsusulit

She has failed her exam. She has to retake it.

I don't have to do this.

Hindi ko kailangang gawin ito.

less

mas kaunti

You ought to drink less.

He could stay...

Maaari siyang manatili...

He could stay at my place.

to make an appointment

magtakda ng appointment

You have to make an appointment to see him.

You don't have to drive.

Hindi mo kailangang magmaneho.

Do you have to go?

Kailangan mo na bang umalis?

*Dapat meron* "Should have"maaaring gamitin upang *ipahayag ang panghihinayang tungkol sa nakaraan* - upang hilingin na may nangyari sa nakaraan sa ibang paraan: "I should have studied for my exam!" (I didn't study for my exams. I failed. Now I wish that the past is different.) Dapat ay maaari ding gamitin upang *pag-usapan ang isang bagay na inaasahan mong mangyari* , ngunit hindi ito nangyari (o hindi ito nangyari hanggang sa kalaunan). "The letter should have arrived by now, but it hasn’t come yet." (I was expecting a letter, pero wala dito).

You should have been here.

Dapat nandito ka.

to let (someone) know

ipaalam

I should have let you know.

You should have called.

Dapat tumawag ka.

to stay awake

manatiling gising

I'm really tired today. I should not have stayed awake so late last night.

We should have studied more.

Dapat nag-aral pa tayo nang mabuti.

to shout at

sigawan

I shouldn't have shouted at her.

They should have stayed.

Dapat silang nanatili.

They should have stayed in the bunker.

to take advice

tumanggap ng payo

You should have taken advice.

I should have known better.

Dapat alam ko na iyon.

by now

sa ngayon

He should be married by now.

I should have never let you go.

Hindi sana kita hinayaang umalis.

to renew

mag-renew

I should have renewed my travel insurance.

You should have done that.

Dapat ginawa mo iyon.

*Will + mga pang-abay ng posibilidad* Ngayon ay sanayin natin ang mga pang-abay ng probabilidad na natutunan natin sa simula ng kursong ito! Maaari mong gamitin "will"at "won’t"may iba't ibang pang-abay upang ipakita *kung gaano kalamang ang isang kaganapan sa hinaharap.* "I’ll maybe go to the party." "I’ll probably go to the party." "I’ll definitely go to the party." "I’ll certainly go to the party."