Modallar va ehtimollik ravishlariInglizcha so'zlar

by DuoCards

Ehtimollik haqida gapirish uchun, siz ehtimollik ravishlarini o'rganishingiz kerak. Ehtimollik ravishlari bizning biror vaziyat yoki hodisa haqida qanchalik ishonchli ekanligimizni ko'rsatish uchun ishlatiladi. Keling, eng keng tarqalganlarini o'rganamiz!

definitely

shubhasiz

I will definitely be at the airport to meet you.

He will definitely regret it.

U albatta afsuslanadi.

apparently

aftidan

Apparently, it is going to rain tomorrow.

Apparently, they are moving to another city.

Aftidan, ular boshqa shaharga ko'chib o'tishmoqda.

undoubtedly

shubhasiz

He will undoubtedly pass the exam with flying colors.

certainly

albatta

It will certainly rain tomorrow.

perhaps

ehtimol

Perhaps she was right.

obviously

aftidan

She was obviously sick.

He obviously lied.

U ochiqchasiga yolg'on gapirdi.

he obviously lied to me

probably

ehtimol

It will probably rain today.

They are probably sleeping.

Ular ehtimol uxlashayotgandir.

Perhaps you were right.

Ehtimol, siz haq bo'lgandirsiz.

*Modal fe'llar* Modal fe'llar ingliz tilida juda keng tarqalgan; Agar ular nima deb nomlanganini bilmasangiz ham, ularni yuzlab marta harakatda ko'rgansiz. Modal fe'llarning keng tarqalgan misollariga "can", "should"va "must". Ular *yordamchi fe'lning (yordamchi fe'l)* bir turi bo'lganligi sababli, ular gapning *asosiy fe'lining infinitiv shakli* bilan birga ishlatiladi. "Can you drive me to the airport?" "You should try the lasagna."

I can't swim.

Men suza olmayman.

I can't swim very well.

You must wash your hands.

Qo'llaringizni yuvishingiz kerak.

You must wash your hands before cooking.

to order tickets

chiptalarga buyurtma berish

She must order tickets in advance if she wants to go to the theater.

Can I have some water?

Biroz suv ichsam maylimi?

to focus

diqqatni jamlamoq

Mary can’t focus because her brother is playing the drums.

You should go.

Ketishingiz kerak.

It's getting late. You should go home now.

entire

butun

I can eat an entire pizza.

We can see the entire city from this hill.

Bu tepalikdan butun shahar ko'rinib turadi.

Everybody can dance!

Hamma raqsga tusha oladi!

*Qobiliyat* Modal fe'l "can"gapning predmetining biror *narsaga qodirligini ifodalaydi.* Xuddi shunday, salbiy shakl "can’t"sub'ektning *biror narsa qila olmasligini ko'rsatadi.* "She can speak three languages." "I can't cook very well." "CAN"hamda "CAN'T"so‘rov, ruxsat va imkoniyatni ko‘rsatish.

I can speak English.

Men ingliz tilida gapira olaman.

I can speak English pretty good.

to ride a bike

velosiped haydamoq

He can't ride a bike.

He can walk.

U yura oladi.

My one-year-old son can walk already.

to take a day off

ishdan javob olmoq, dam olmoq (ishdan)

Can I take a day off?

What languages can you speak?

Qaysi tillarda gaplasha olasiz?

chopsticks

ovqat yeydigan tayoqchalar

They can eat with chopsticks.

Can you help us?

Bizga yordam bera olasizmi?

Can you help us with the homework?

Can I go to the bathroom?

Hojatxonaga borsam maylimi?

My sister can surf well.

Mening opam yaxshi syorfing qila oladi.

"Can"*yoki* "be able to?" Ikkalasi "can"ham "be able to"bir xil ma'noga ega. Ular qobiliyat haqida gapirish uchun ishlatiladi. Lekin "can"*umumiy qobiliyat* haqida gapirish uchun ishlatiladi va "be able to"*maxsus qobiliyat haqida gapirish uchun ishlatiladi.* Ba'zi hollarda ular bir-birini almashtiradilar. Masalan: "I can swim."(umuman) lekin "I'm not able to swim today." ning salbiy shakli "to be able to""to be unable to", masalan: "She nodded, unable to speak." "Be able to"ba'zan yoki kabi *modallardan keyin* "might""should""want", "hope", yoki kabi fe'llardan keyin qo'llaniladi "expect".

to be able to

qodir bo'lmoq

The animals are able to move around.

I might be able to come.

Balki kela olarman.

I might be able to come to the party tonight.

the entrance fee

kirish to'lovi

We were unable to afford the entrance fee.

to whistle

hushtak chalmoq

She whistled to her dog to come back to her.

He can read and write.

U o'qish va yozishni biladi.

to envy

hasad qilmoq, rashk qilmoq, havas qilmoq

I envy people who can sing.

I envy children who can learn languages so quickly.

Tillarini shunchalik tez o'rganadigan bolalarga havasim keladi.

unable to speak

gapira olmaydigan

They nodded, unable to speak.

nervous

hayajonlangan

He was nervous about the exam results.

He was so nervous that he was unable to speak.

U shunchalik hayajonlangan ediki, gapira olmadi.

to attend

darsga qatnashmoq

We will be able to attend the class next semester.

I might be able to help you.

Sizga yordam bera olishim mumkin.

*Oddiy o'tmish* Modal fe'llar "can"va "will"maxsus o'tgan zamon shakllariga ega: "can"→ "could" "will"→ "would" "could"yoki dan keyin "would"biz har doim *asosiy fe'lning asosiy shaklini* ishlatamiz (infinitiv holda "to"). "Would"o'tmishdagi odatlar uchun ishlatiladi. Misollar: "I could do a handstand when I was a kid."(= Ilgari menda qobiliyat bor edi) "During exam season in college, I would not sleep much."(= bu mening o'tmishdagi odatim edi)

a handstand

qo'lda turish

I could do a handstand when I was a kid.

barely

zo'rg'a

He could barely walk.

When I was a student, I would study late at night.

Talabalik paytlarimda tunda kechgacha dars qilar edim.

a countryside

qishloq joy

Every summer, we would visit my grandparents in the countryside.

Har yozda biz qishloqqa, buva-buvimnikiga borar edik.

to smell

hidini sezmoq, hidi kelmoq, hid chiqmoq, hidlamoq, yomon hid chiqmoq

I could smell something burning.

When I was a kid, I could run very fast.

Yoshligimda juda tez yugura olardim.

"Would"va "could"*xushmuomalalik uchun* Biz "could"*muloyim so'rovlar yoki takliflar qilish uchun* foydalanamiz (dan ko'ra muloyimroq "can"). "Could you help me, please?" "I could lend you some money if you need it." Biz "would"*muloyim takliflar* yoki *kamroq to'g'ridan-to'g'ri ovoz berish uchun foydalanamiz.* "I would like a coffee."(= dan muloyimroq "I want a coffee.") "Would you like to join us?"

Could you help me, please?

Menga yordam bera olasizmi, iltimos?

Excuse me, could you help me, please? I'm lost.

Could I ... ?

...sam bo'ladimi?

Could I have some tea, please?

Would you ...?

Xohlarmidingiz...?

Would you like to go?

Would you like some coffee?

Kofe ichasizmi?

That would be great!

Bu ajoyib bo'lardi!

Would it be possible?

Buning iloji bormi?

Would it be possible to see him?

Could you repeat it?

Shuni qaytara olasizmi?

Could you please repeat what you just said?

Could you open the window, please?

Iltimos, derazani ochib yubora olasizmi?

I would like a cup of tea.

Bir piyola choy ichmoqchi edim.

Would you like some help?

Yordam kerakmi?

*May va Might* Kelajakda *ehtimol sodir bo'lishi mumkin bo'lgan* voqealar haqida gapirish uchun "may" va "might" dan foydalaning. "May" va "might" *ehtimol sodir bo'ladi* degan ma'noni anglatadi. Ular kelajak yoki hozirgi zamonga ishora qilishi mumkin. *Misollar:* "I might have a pen in my bag." ( = hozirgi zamon) "She may arrive tomorrow." ( = kelajak zamon) "May" va "might" *modal fe'llar* bo'lib, "can", "will", va "should" kabi, *bir xil qoidalarga* amal qiladi. 1) *Uchinchi shaxs birlikda -s qo'shmang.* 2) *Inkor* shaklini hosil qilish uchun "may" va "might" dan keyin "not" qo'shing. 3) "May" *I* yoki *we* bilan *iltimoslar* qilish uchun ishlatilishi mumkin. 4) "May" va "might" har doim *infinitiv shakldagi fe'l* bilan keladi.

might be

bo'lishi mumkin

He might be right.

We might be there.

Biz u yerda bo'lishimiz mumkin.

an episode

qism

I might watch another episode.

He might come.

U kelishi mumkin.

She may not come.

U kelmasligi mumkin.

She may not come to the party if she feels tired.

to be invited

chaqirilgan, taklif qilingan bo'lmoq

We may be invited but I'm not sure.

May I have some tea?

Choy ichsam maylimi?

May I have some tea, please?

I might go.

Balki borarman.

We might go to the beach if the weather is nice.

May I?

Maylimi?

May I borrow your pen, please?

force

kuch

The police used force to control the crowd.

May the force be with you.

Kuch sen bilan bo'lsin.

*Chegirma uchun o'tgan modalar* "Might"va "may"*o'tmishda nima bo'lganini taxmin qilish uchun ham ishlatilishi mumkin.* Shakl: "might"/ "may"/ "may not have"/ "might not have"+ *o'tgan zamon fe'li* "I might have seen him before."(= Ishonchim komil emas, lekin bu mumkin) "He might not have received the message."(= Balki u buni olmagandir)

She may have left.

U ketgan bo'lishi mumkin.

the noise

shovqin

What was that noise outside? I think it may have been a cat.

I might have bought...

Men sotib olgan bo'lishim mumkin...

I might have bought the wrong brand.

Balki noto'g'ri brendni sotib olgandirman.

to offend

(ko'pincha majhul nisbatda ishlatiladi) ranjitmoq, xafa qilmoq, haqorat qilmoq

Your comment may have offended some people.

He might have been...

U bo'lgan bo'lishi mumkin...

They might have been happier if they had stayed together.

He might have been here before.

U avval ham bu yerda bo'lgan bo'lishi mumkin.

to receive

qabul qilmoq

He might not have received our message.

We might not have received...

Bizga yetib kelmagan bo'lishi mumkin...

We might not have received your emails because of some internet connection issues.

to remove

olib tashlamoq

It may have been removed.

She might have lost her keys.

U kalitlarini yo'qotib qo'ygan bo'lishi mumkin.

I might have seen him before.

Uni oldin ham ko'rgan bo'lsam kerak.

*Bu sevgi bo'lsa kerak!* O'tmishda sodir bo'lgan narsa haqida gapirganda va *taxminingiz to'g'ri ekanligiga deyarli amin* bo'lsangiz, foydalaning "must have + past participle verb." "It must have been him!" O'tmishda *sodir bo'lmagan* narsa haqida gapirganda va bunga deyarli ishonchingiz komil bo'lsa, "couldn't"/ "can't have"+ *o'tgan zamon fe'lidan foydalaning.* "He couldn't have forgotten about it!"

You must have seen it.

Siz buni aniq ko'rgansiz.

You must have seen the new movie that just came out.

I must have been here before.

Men bu yerda oldin ham bo'lgan bo'lsam kerak.

As I walked through the park, I realized I must have been here before.

to forget

unutmoq

I've forgotten about it.

He couldn't have forgotten.

U unutgan bo'lishi mumkin emas.

He couldn't have forgotten about the appointment.

to be exhausted

holdan toygan bo'lmoq

I'm totally exhausted!

You must have been exhausted.

Siz juda charchagan bo'lsangiz kerak.

After running the marathon, you must have been exhausted.

She must have left it there.

U uni o'sha yerda qoldirgan bo'lsa kerak.

She must have left the toy in the garden.

to get stuck

qisilib qolmoq

He could have gotten stuck in traffic.

It couldn't have been her.

Bu u bo'lishi mumkin emas edi.

When the teacher asked who broke the window, I said, "It couldn't have been her; she was with me the whole time."

It must have been love!

Bu sevgi bo'lgan bo'lsa kerak!

When I saw her smile, I knew it must have been love.

*Tavsiyalar uchun modallardan foydalanish* *Modal fe'llar* *imkoniyat, niyat, qobiliyat yoki zaruratni ko'rsatishini allaqachon bilasiz.* Keling, *tavsiyalar berish uchun ishlatilishi mumkin bo'lgan modallarni ko'rib chiqaylik.* "Must"kuchli tavsiyalar berish uchun foydalanish mumkin. Siz "have to"tavsiyalar uchun ham foydalanishingiz mumkin, lekin "must"ko'proq tarqalgan. ( "Have to"odatda sizning nazoratingizdan tashqari qoidalar va narsalar haqida gapirish uchun ishlatiladi.) "Should"va "ought to"taklif bildirish uchun ishlatiladi. "Could"variantni berish uchun ishlatiladi. "Don’t have to"biror narsa kerak emasligini aytish uchun ishlatiladi. "Shouldn't"kimnidir biror narsa qilishdan muloyimlik bilan ogohlantirish uchun ishlatiladi. "Mustn’t"kimnidir biror narsa qilishdan qattiq ogohlantirish uchun ishlatiladi.

You must see it!

Buni albatta ko'rishingiz kerak!

You shouldn't ...

Siz ...masligingiz kerak

You shouldn’t walk home alone after dark.

to be alone

yolg'iz bo'lmoq

She shouldn't be alone.

to retake (an exam)

qayta topshirish

She has failed her exam. She has to retake it.

I don't have to do this.

Buni qilishim shart emas.

less

kamroq

You ought to drink less.

He could stay...

U qolishi mumkin edi...

He could stay at my place.

to make an appointment

uchrashuv tashkillashtirmoq

You have to make an appointment to see him.

You don't have to drive.

Haydashingiz shart emas.

Do you have to go?

Ketishingiz kerakmi?

*Bo'lishi kerak* "Should have"*o'tmishdan afsuslanishni ifodalash* uchun ishlatilishi mumkin - o'tmishdagi biror narsa boshqacha tarzda sodir bo'lishini xohlash uchun: "I should have studied for my exam!" (Men imtihonlarim uchun o‘qimaganman. O‘ta olmadim. Endi o‘tmish boshqacha bo‘lsa edi.) Should ham *siz kutgan narsa haqida gapirish* uchun ishlatilishi mumkin, lekin bu sodir bo'lmadi (yoki keyinroq sodir bo'lmadi). "The letter should have arrived by now, but it hasn’t come yet." (Men xat kutayotgandim, lekin u bu yerda emas).

You should have been here.

Siz bu yerda bo'lishingiz kerak edi.

to let (someone) know

aytib qo'ymoq, xabarini bermoq, bildirib qo'ymoq, javobini aytmoq

I should have let you know.

You should have called.

Qo'ng'iroq qilishingiz kerak edi.

to stay awake

uyg'oq qolmoq

I'm really tired today. I should not have stayed awake so late last night.

We should have studied more.

Ko'proq o'qishimiz kerak edi.

to shout at

baqirmoq

I shouldn't have shouted at her.

They should have stayed.

Ular qolishlari kerak edi.

They should have stayed in the bunker.

to take advice

maslahat olish

You should have taken advice.

I should have known better.

Buni bilishim kerak edi.

by now

hozirgacha

He should be married by now.

I should have never let you go.

Seni hech qachon qo'yib yubormasligim kerak edi.

to renew

yangilanmoq, yangilamoq, yangilatmoq, yangisiga almashtirmoq

I should have renewed my travel insurance.

You should have done that.

Buni qilishing kerak edi.

*Will + ehtimollik qo‘shimchalari* Keling, ushbu kursning boshida o'rgangan ehtimol qo'shimchalarini mashq qilaylik! "will""won’t"*Kelajakdagi voqea qanchalik ehtimoli borligini ko'rsatish uchun va turli qo'shimchalardan foydalanishingiz mumkin.* "I’ll maybe go to the party." "I’ll probably go to the party." "I’ll definitely go to the party." "I’ll certainly go to the party."