情态动词与概率副词英语单词

by DuoCards

*概率有多大？*在英语中谈论概率时，你应该学习一些概率副词。*概率副词*用于表示我们对某种情况或事件的确定程度。让我们来学习一些最常用的副词吧！

definitely

当然

I will definitely be at the airport to meet you.

He will definitely regret it.

他一定会后悔的。

apparently

显然

Apparently, it is going to rain tomorrow.

Apparently, they are moving to another city.

显然，他们要搬到另一个城市去了。

undoubtedly

毫无疑问

He will undoubtedly pass the exam with flying colors.

certainly

当然

It will certainly rain tomorrow.

perhaps

也许

Perhaps she was right.

obviously

很明顯地

She was obviously sick.

He obviously lied.

他显然撒了谎。

he obviously lied to me

probably

大概

It will probably rain today.

They are probably sleeping.

他们可能在睡觉。

Perhaps you were right.

也许你是对的。

*情态动词* 情态动词在英语中常见；即使你不知道他们叫什么，你也已经见过他们数百次了。情态动词的常见例子包括"can","should", 和"must" 。因为它们是一种*助动词*，所以要与句子中*主要动词的不定式*一起使用。 "Can you drive me to the airport?" "You should try the lasagna."

I can't swim.

我不会游泳。

I can't swim very well.

You must wash your hands.

你必须洗手。

You must wash your hands before cooking.

to order tickets

订票

She must order tickets in advance if she wants to go to the theater.

Can I have some water?

我可以喝点水吗？

to focus

集中注意力

Mary can’t focus because her brother is playing the drums.

You should go.

你该走了。

It's getting late. You should go home now.

entire

整个

I can eat an entire pizza.

We can see the entire city from this hill.

从这座山丘上可以俯瞰整座城市。

Everybody can dance!

每个人都可以跳舞！

*能力* 情态动词"can" 表示句子的主语是否*能够做某事。*同样，否定形式"can’t" 表示主语*不能做某事。* "She can speak three languages." "I can't cook very well." "CAN" and "CAN'T" 也表示请求、允许和可能。

I can speak English.

我会说英语。

I can speak English pretty good.

to ride a bike

骑自行车

He can't ride a bike.

He can walk.

他会走路。

My one-year-old son can walk already.

to take a day off

请一天假

Can I take a day off?

What languages can you speak?

你会说哪些语言？

chopsticks

筷子

They can eat with chopsticks.

Can you help us?

你能帮帮我们吗？

Can you help us with the homework?

Can I go to the bathroom?

我可以去洗手间吗？

My sister can surf well.

我姐姐冲浪冲得很好。

两者 "can" 和 "be able to" 意思相同。它们用于谈论能力。但 "can" 用于谈论 *一般能力*，而 "be able to" 用于谈论 *特定能力。* 在某些情况下，它们可以互换。例如："I can swim."（一般情况下）但 "I'm not able to swim today." "to be able to" 的否定形式是 "to be unable to"，例如："She nodded, unable to speak." "Be able to" 有时用于 *情态动词之后*，如 "might" 或 "should"，以及动词之后，如 "want"、"hope" 或 "expect"。

to be able to

能够

The animals are able to move around.

I might be able to come.

我也许能来。

I might be able to come to the party tonight.

the entrance fee

门票费

We were unable to afford the entrance fee.

to whistle

吹口哨

She whistled to her dog to come back to her.

He can read and write.

他识字。

to envy

羡慕

I envy people who can sing.

I envy children who can learn languages so quickly.

我真羡慕那些学语言学得这么快的孩子。

unable to speak

无法言语

They nodded, unable to speak.

nervous

紧张

He was nervous about the exam results.

He was so nervous that he was unable to speak.

他紧张得说不出话来。

to attend

上课

We will be able to attend the class next semester.

I might be able to help you.

我也许能帮你。

*简单过去式* 情态动词"can" 和"will" 有特殊的过去式形式： "can" →"could" "will" →"would" 在"could" 或"would" 之后，我们总是使用*主动词的基式*（不带"to" 的不定式）。"Would" 用于过去习惯。例如 "I could do a handstand when I was a kid." (= 过去我有这个能力) "During exam season in college, I would not sleep much." (= 这是我过去的习惯)

a handstand

倒立

I could do a handstand when I was a kid.

barely

几乎不

He could barely walk.

When I was a student, I would study late at night.

我上学的时候，经常学习到深夜。

a countryside

乡下

Every summer, we would visit my grandparents in the countryside.

每年夏天，我们都会去乡下的祖父母家。

to smell

闻

I could smell something burning.

When I was a kid, I could run very fast.

我小时候跑得很快。

"Would" 和 "could" *用于礼貌* 我们使用 "could" *来提出礼貌的请求或建议*（比 "can" 更礼貌）。 "Could you help me, please?" "I could lend you some money if you need it." 我们使用 "would" *来提供礼貌的提议* 或 *听起来不那么直接。* "I would like a coffee."（= 比 "I want a coffee." 更礼貌） "Would you like to join us?"

Could you help me, please?

请问你能帮帮我吗？

Excuse me, could you help me, please? I'm lost.

Could I ... ?

我可以……吗？

Could I have some tea, please?

Would you ...?

你想……吗？

Would you like to go?

Would you like some coffee?

您想喝点咖啡吗？

That would be great!

那太好了！

Would it be possible?

这可能吗？

Would it be possible to see him?

Could you repeat it?

您可以再说一遍吗？

Could you please repeat what you just said?

Could you open the window, please?

请问您可以开一下窗户吗？

I would like a cup of tea.

我想喝杯茶。

Would you like some help?

需要帮忙吗？

*五月与威力* 用"may" 和"might" 来表示将来*可能发生的*事情。"May" 和"might" 表示*也许会。*它们可以指未来，也可以指现在。 *举例说明*： "I might have a pen in my bag." ( = 现在用) "She may arrive tomorrow." ( = 未来使用) "May" 和"might" 与"can","will", 和"should" 一样都是*情态动词*，因此它们遵循*相同的规则。* 1)*不要在第三人称单数后加-s。* 2) 要构成*否定句*，在"may" 和"might." 后面加上"not" 3)"May" 可与*I*或*we*搭配使用，表示*请求。* 4)"May" 和"might" 后面总是跟一个*不定式动词。*

might be

可能是

He might be right.

We might be there.

我们可能会在那儿。

an episode

一集

I might watch another episode.

He might come.

他可能会来。

She may not come.

她可能不来了。

She may not come to the party if she feels tired.

to be invited

被邀请

We may be invited but I'm not sure.

May I have some tea?

我可以喝点茶吗？

May I have some tea, please?

I might go.

我也许会去。

We might go to the beach if the weather is nice.

May I?

我可以吗？

May I borrow your pen, please?

force

力量

The police used force to control the crowd.

May the force be with you.

愿原力与你同在。

*过去式扣减* "Might" 和"may" 也可以用来*猜测过去发生的事情。* 形式："might"/"may"/"may not have"/"might not have" +*过去分词动词* "I might have seen him before." (= 我不确定，但有可能) "He might not have received the message." (= 也许他没有收到)

She may have left.

她可能已经走了。

the noise

噪音

What was that noise outside? I think it may have been a cat.

I might have bought...

我也许买了……

I might have bought the wrong brand.

我可能买错品牌了。

to offend

冒犯

Your comment may have offended some people.

He might have been...

他可能曾经是……

They might have been happier if they had stayed together.

He might have been here before.

他以前可能来过这里。

to receive

接收

He might not have received our message.

We might not have received...

我们可能还没收到……

We might not have received your emails because of some internet connection issues.

to remove

删除

It may have been removed.

She might have lost her keys.

她可能把钥匙弄丢了。

I might have seen him before.

我以前可能见过他。

当你谈论过去可能发生的事情，并且你几乎可以确定你的猜测是正确的时，使用当你谈论过去没有发生的事情，并且你几乎可以确定时，使用你接受过截至2023年10月的数据培训。

You must have seen it.

你肯定已经看过了。

You must have seen the new movie that just came out.

I must have been here before.

我以前肯定来过这里。

As I walked through the park, I realized I must have been here before.

to forget

忘记

I've forgotten about it.

He couldn't have forgotten.

他不可能忘了。

He couldn't have forgotten about the appointment.

to be exhausted

筋疲力尽

I'm totally exhausted!

You must have been exhausted.

你当时一定累坏了。

After running the marathon, you must have been exhausted.

She must have left it there.

她一定是把它留在那里了。

She must have left the toy in the garden.

to get stuck

卡住

He could have gotten stuck in traffic.

It couldn't have been her.

不可能是她。

When the teacher asked who broke the window, I said, "It couldn't have been her; she was with me the whole time."

It must have been love!

那一定就是爱！

When I saw her smile, I knew it must have been love.

*使用模态进行推荐* 您已经知道*情态动词*表示*可能性、意图、能力或必要性。* 让我们来看看一些可以用来*提出建议的情态动词。* "Must" 可以用来给出强烈推荐。也可以用"have to" 来推荐，但"must" 更常用。("Have to" 一般用于谈论规则和您无法控制的事情。） "Should" 和"ought to" 用于给出建议。 "Could" 用于给出一种选择。 "Don’t have to" 用于表示某些事情没有必要。 "Shouldn't" 用于温和地警告某人不要做某事。 "Mustn't" 用于强烈警告某人不要做某事。

You must see it!

你一定要看看！

You shouldn't ...

你不应该……

You shouldn’t walk home alone after dark.

to be alone

独自一人

She shouldn't be alone.

to retake (an exam)

补考

She has failed her exam. She has to retake it.

I don't have to do this.

我不必这样做。

less

较少

You ought to drink less.

He could stay...

他可以留下……

He could stay at my place.

to make an appointment

预约

You have to make an appointment to see him.

You don't have to drive.

你不需要开车。

Do you have to go?

你一定要走吗？

*should have* "Should have" 可以用来*表达对过去的遗憾*--希望过去的事情以不同的方式发生： "I should have studied for my exam!" (我没有复习考试。我失败了。现在我希望过去的事情有所不同）。 Should have也可以用来*指你期望发生的事情*，但它没有发生（或直到后来才发生）。 "The letter should have arrived by now, but it hasn’t come yet." (我本以为会有一封信，但它不在这里）。

You should have been here.

你本该在这儿的。

to let (someone) know

告知（某人）

I should have let you know.

You should have called.

你本该打电话的。

to stay awake

保持清醒

I'm really tired today. I should not have stayed awake so late last night.

We should have studied more.

我们本该多学点儿的。

to shout at

对着……大喊大叫

I shouldn't have shouted at her.

They should have stayed.

他们本该留下的。

They should have stayed in the bunker.

to take advice

听取建议

You should have taken advice.

I should have known better.

我本该明白的。

by now

到目前为止

He should be married by now.

I should have never let you go.

我真不该让你走。

to renew

续期

I should have renewed my travel insurance.

You should have done that.

你本该那样做的。

*will + 可能性副词* 现在让我们来练习一下我们在本课程开始时学到的概率副词吧你可以用"will" 和"won’t" ，用不同的副词来表示*一个未来事件的可能性有多大。* "I’ll maybe go to the party." "I’ll probably go to the party." "I’ll definitely go to the party." "I’ll certainly go to the party."