Minulý průběhový čas + Frázová slovesaAnglická slova

by DuoCards

Začněme s některými běžnými frázovými slovesy, která jsou užitečná v každodenní angličtině!

to go on

pokračovat

The party went on until 3am.

to give up

vzdát (se)

She didn't give up on her dreams.

to put off

odložit

He had to put off the meeting because he was very busy.

to work out

trénovat

I go to the gym every day to work out and stay healthy.

to find out

zjistit

We are trying to find out what the problem is.

to get over

překonat

I got over it quickly.

to break up

rozejít se

She wants to break up with me.

to look something up

něco vyhledat

You should look it up on the Internet.

to ask somebody out

pozvat (na rande)

He asked me out.

She was too shy to ask him out.

Byla příliš stydlivá na to, aby ho pozvala na rande.

to call off

odvolat

Jason called the wedding off because he wasn't in love with his fiancée.

I called off the meeting.

Zrušil jsem tu schůzku.

to get away with something

z něčeho vyváznout

She always gets away with being late to class.

to sort something out

něco roztřídit, vyřešit

I need to sort this problem out before the meeting.

*Minulý průběhový čas* *Minulý čas průběhový* používáme pro označení *pokračujícího děje nebo stavu, který se odehrával v určitém okamžiku v minulosti*. Tento čas se tvoří spojením minulého času "to be (was/were)" s přítomným příčestím slovesa *("-ing" slovo* ). Často se používá k popisu *stavů, které existovaly v minulosti.* "The sun was shining every day that summer." "It was snowing yesterday." "They were eating at the restaurant."

effort

snaha

She put a lot of effort into her homework.

to explore

prozkoumat

I want to explore the forest this weekend.

a possibility

možnost

She considered the possibility of moving to another city.

They were exploring different possibilities for their holiday.

Zkoumali různé možnosti pro svou dovolenou.

holiday

dovolená

She was exploring the possibility of taking a holiday in Spain.

I was reading a book yesterday evening.

Včera večer jsem četl knihu.

They were playing football in the park.

Hráli fotbal v parku.

It was improving.

Zlepšovalo se to.

His condition was improving.

I was listening carefully.

Pozorně jsem poslouchal.

"Was" nebo "were" - *Co použít?* Nezapomeňte změnit sloveso "to be" tak, aby *se shodovalo s předmětem.* Použijte "was" s "I, he, she," nebo "it", a použijte "were" s "you, we," nebo "they." "She was working on an email when the fire alarm rang." "The team was playing well until the second half.". Pro všechny ostatní předměty, včetně všech předmětů v množném čísle, použijte "were". "Were" se používá také s "you". "The days were getting shorter as winter approached."

The days were getting longer.

Dny se prodlužovaly.

The days were getting longer as summer approached.

They were traveling a lot.

Hodně cestovali.

They were traveling a lot last summer.

My mother was cooking.

Moje matka vařila.

My mother was cooking the dinner when we arrived.

We were dancing all night.

Tancovali jsme celou noc.

Was it raining?

Pršelo? (past continuous)

Was it raining the whole day?

He was studying last night.

Včera večer se učil. (past continuous)

They were sleeping.

Spali. (past continuous)

While they were sleeping, the cat jumped on the bed.

*Otázky týkající se minulého času* 1. Otázky, na které lze odpovědět *ano* nebo *ne*, se tvoří obrácením předmětu a správného tvaru slovesa *být ("was/were"*). "Was he studying all night again?" 2. Na otázky typu Wh- nelze odpovědět ano nebo ne. "Where was he going?"

to snore

chrápat

He snores loudly.

Was she improving?

Zlepšovala se?

to overcome

překonat

He had to overcome many obstacles to achieve his dreams.

Were you studying all night?

Učil ses celou noc?

Were we talking too loud?

Mluvili jsme příliš nahlas?

to measure

měřit

We want to measure your blood pressure.

What was he measuring?

Co měřil?

Where were you going?

Kam jsi šel? (past continuous)

Where were you going last night?

What was he doing?

Co dělal?

to run late

přijít pozdě

He was running late again.

Why were the buses running late?

Proč měly autobusy zpoždění?

Chcete-li vytvořit kladné tvrzení záporné, přidejte před sloveso + -ing. Také můžete použít stažený tvar (wasn't / weren't).

He wasn't planning it.

Neplánoval to. (past continuous)

She was surprised because he wasn't planning it at all.

I wasn't running late.

Neměl jsem zpoždění. (past continuous)

I wasn't running late for the movie, I arrived just as the previews were starting.

They weren't studying all night.

Neučili se celou noc.

She wasn't snoring.

Nechrápala.

Last night she wasn't snoring.

My mother wasn't cooking.

Moje matka nevařila.

The children weren't sleeping during the drive home.

Děti během cesty domů nespaly.

to tell the truth

říkat pravdu

My boyfriend was not telling me the truth.

Můj přítel mi neříkal pravdu.

You were not doing your homework.

Nedělal jsi domácí úkoly.

*Změny pravopisu* Pozor na některé *pravopisné změny* při tvoření * tvarů* sloves na *-ing*. *U sloves, která končí na jedno -e, vypusťte -e a přidejte -ing.* "live - living" "make - making" "give - giving" *U sloves končících na dlouhé -e přidávejte -ing jako obvykle* "see - seeing" "be - being" "agree - agreeing" *Pokud sloveso končí na -ie, změňte ie na y a poté přidejte -ing.* "die - dying" "lie - lying"

to agree

souhlasit

We all agreed to meet up at 8:00.

to hide

schovat

He tried to hide his profile.

Where were you hiding?

Kde ses schovával?

After searching the whole house, I finally found my brother and asked, "Where were you hiding?

He was lying.

Lhal. (past continuous)

He was lying about his age to get into the club.

to die

zemřít

The main character will die at the end.

My phone battery was dying during the trip.

Během cesty se mi vybíjela baterie telefonu.

to make excuses

vymlouvat se

He is making excuses again.

We were making no excuses.

Na nic jsme se nevymlouvali. (past continuous)

After the game, we were making no excuses for our loss; we simply needed to play better.

We were living without the internet for two weeks.

Dva týdny jsme žili bez internetu. (pas continuous)

I was just being polite.

Byl jsem jen zdvořilý. (past continuous)

I didn't really want to go to the party, but I was just being polite.

homeless people

lidé bez domova

We were giving food to the homeless people.

Dávali jsme jídlo bezdomovcům. (past continuous)

*Kdy zdvojit poslední písmeno?* Pokud má sloveso *jednu slabiku* a *končí na CVC* (souhláska + samohláska + souhláska), *zdvojujeme poslední souhlásku* před přidáním koncovky -ing. "run - running" "plan - planning" Poslední souhlásku zdvojujeme také v *případě, že je poslední slabika důrazná.* "begin - beginning" "forget - forgetting" Souhlásku však *nezdvojujeme* *u sloves, která končí na w, x nebo y.* "stay - staying" "show - showing" "wax - waxing"

to forget

zapomenout

I keep forgetting to drink water!

I keep forgetting

pořád zapomínám

I keep forgetting to take my medication.

to begin

začít

It was beginning to snow.

It was beginning to rain.

Začínalo pršet.

It was beginning to rain when we got home.

to show the way

ukázat cestu

I can show you the way.

She was showing him the way.

Ukazovala mu cestu.

I was shopping.

Byl jsem nakupovat. (past continuous)

My parents arrived while I was shopping.

to stay up

zůstat vzhůru

I decided to stay up late to finish my homework.

She was planning her holiday to Italy.

Plánovala dovolenou v Itálii.

We were staying at a small hotel near the beach.

Bydleli jsme v malém hotelu nedaleko pláže. (past continuous)

We were planning on telling you.

Chtěli jsme vám to říct. (past continuous)

When were you planning on telling me?

The team was playing well.

Tým hrál dobře.

The team was playing well until the second half.

to stick to something

držet se něčeho

You will lose weight if you stick to the diet.

*Minulý čas průběhový a Minulý čas prostý* Minulý čas průběhový lze také použít k popisu něčeho, co *se v minulosti dělo nepřetržitě,* když *to přerušil* jiný děj. "I was making dinner when she arrived." *Všimněte si:* Ne každé sloveso popisuje nepřetržitý děj! Některá slovesa *nelze použít v minulém čase průběhovém.* Běžným příkladem je sloveso "to arrive". Špatně: "At noon, he was arriving." Správně: "At noon, he arrived."

I was reading when he knocked.

Četla jsem si, když zaklepal.

She was cooking when I came home.

Když jsem přišel domů, vařila.

to get home

dostat se domů

What time did you get home last night?

When I got home, they were eating.

Když jsem přišel domů, už jedli.

When we arrived, you were sleeping.

Když jsme přijeli, spal jsi.

after I left

po mém odchodu

After I left, everyone at the party was still having fun.

What were you doing after I left?

Co jsi dělal, když jsem odešel?

Nobody was dancing when the music stopped.

Když hudba přestala hrát, nikdo netančil.

*Minulý čas průběhový + frázová slovesa* Zkombinujme minulý čas průběhový s některými frázovými slovesy, která jsme se právě naučili!

I was setting up the meeting.

Připravoval jsem schůzku.

I was setting up the meeting when I saw him.

She was breaking up with her boyfriend.

Rozcházela se se svým přítelem.

When I saw her, she was breaking up with her boyfriend.

He was looking it up.

Vyhledával to.

She was looking it up on her phone during the meeting.

Things were working out.

Vše se dařilo.

After a few weeks of hard work, things were working out for the team.

We were already giving up.

Už jsme to vzdávali.

When the rain started, we were already giving up on our picnic plans.

She was getting over the flu when I visited her.

Když jsem ji navštívil, dostávala se z chřipky.

I was working out when they called me.

Zrovna jsem cvičil, když mi zavolali.

*Slovesa, která nelze použít v minulém čase průběhovém* Existuje určitý typ sloves, která nelze použít v žádném průběhovém čase, včetně minulého času průběhového. Jedná se o tzv. *stativní slovesa.* Protože stativní slovesa jsou ze své podstaty průběhová, zní zvláštně, když je zařadíme do průběhového času. Místo toho je můžete použít *v minulém čase prostém*. Stativními slovesy jsou např: "love", "like", "believe", "seem", "need", "want", atd.

It seemed easy.

Zdálo se to snadné.

It seemed easy at first.

We loved the movie!

Film se nám moc líbil!

We loved the new movie from Tarantino!

He wanted to go.

Chtěl jít.

He wanted to go to the party but he couldn't.

I need to go home.

Musím jít domů.

After a long day, I need to go home and relax.

to realize

uvědomit si

He realized his mistake at once.

I realized later.

Později jsem si to uvědomil.

I realized later that he was lying to me.

She believes everything I say.

Věří všemu, co říkám.

We understood your question.

Vaší otázce jsme porozuměli.

We understood your question but we didn't know the answer.

*Přání a hypotézy* Minulý čas průběhový můžeme použít také k vyjádření *přítomnosti nebo budoucnosti v hypotézách* (když si něco představujeme) nebo v několika zdvořilostních výrazech. "These seats are very uncomfortable. I wish we were traveling first class." "If Jack was playing, they would probably win." "Excuse me, I was wondering if this was the train for New York."