Datid før nutid (past continuous) + sammensatte verber (phrasal verbs)engelske ord

by DuoCards

Lad os starte med nogle almindelige phrasal verbs, der er nyttige i hverdagsengelsk!

to go on

at fortsætte

The party went on until 3am.

to give up

at give op

She didn't give up on her dreams.

to put off

at udskyde

He had to put off the meeting because he was very busy.

to work out

at træne

I go to the gym every day to work out and stay healthy.

to find out

at finde ud af

We are trying to find out what the problem is.

to get over

at overvinde

I got over it quickly.

to break up

at gå fra hinanden

She wants to break up with me.

to look something up

at slå noget op

You should look it up on the Internet.

to ask somebody out

at invitere nogen ud

He asked me out.

She was too shy to ask him out.

Hun var for genert til at spørge ham ud.

to call off

at aflyse

Jason called the wedding off because he wasn't in love with his fiancée.

I called off the meeting.

Jeg aflyste mødet.

to get away with something

at slippe afsted med noget

She always gets away with being late to class.

to sort something out

at få styr på noget

I need to sort this problem out before the meeting.

*Fortid kontinuerlig* Vi bruger *fortid kontinuerlig* til at henvise til en *fortsat handling eller tilstand, der fandt sted på et tidspunkt i fortiden*. Denne tid dannes ved at kombinere fortidsformen af "to be (was/were)" med verbets nutidige participium *("-ing" ord).* Den bruges ofte til at beskrive *forhold, der eksisterede i fortiden.*"The sun was shining every day that summer." "It was snowing yesterday." "They were eating at the restaurant."

effort

indsats

She put a lot of effort into her homework.

to explore

udforske

I want to explore the forest this weekend.

a possibility

mulighed

She considered the possibility of moving to another city.

They were exploring different possibilities for their holiday.

De undersøgte forskellige muligheder for deres ferie.

holiday

ferie

She was exploring the possibility of taking a holiday in Spain.

I was reading a book yesterday evening.

Jeg læste en bog i går aftes.

They were playing football in the park.

De spillede fodbold i parken.

It was improving.

Det blev bedre.

His condition was improving.

I was listening carefully.

Jeg lyttede opmærksomt.

"Was" eller "were" - *Hvad skal man bruge?* Husk at ændre verbet "to be", så *det passer til subjektet.* Brug "was" med "I, he, she," eller "it", og brug "were" med "you, we," eller "they." "She was working on an email when the fire alarm rang." "The team was playing well until the second half.". Brug "were" til alle andre subjekter, inklusive alle flertalsubjekter. "Were" bruges også med "you"."The days were getting shorter as winter approached."

The days were getting longer.

Dagene blev længere.

The days were getting longer as summer approached.

They were traveling a lot.

De rejste meget.

They were traveling a lot last summer.

My mother was cooking.

Min mor lavede mad.

My mother was cooking the dinner when we arrived.

We were dancing all night.

Vi dansede hele natten.

Was it raining?

Regnede det?

Was it raining the whole day?

He was studying last night.

Han læste i går aftes.

They were sleeping.

De sov.

While they were sleeping, the cat jumped on the bed.

*Spørgsmål i fortid* 1. Spørgsmål, der kan besvares med *ja* eller *nej*, dannes ved at vende subjektet og den korrekte form af verbet *be ("was/were").* "Was he studying all night again?" 2. Wh-spørgsmål kan ikke besvares med ja eller nej."Where was he going?"

to snore

snorke

He snores loudly.

Was she improving?

Blev hun bedre?

to overcome

overvinde

He had to overcome many obstacles to achieve his dreams.

Were you studying all night?

Læste du hele natten?

Were we talking too loud?

Talte vi for højt?

to measure

måle

We want to measure your blood pressure.

What was he measuring?

Hvad målte han?

Where were you going?

Hvor var du på vej hen?

Where were you going last night?

What was he doing?

Hvad lavede han?

to run late

at komme for sent

He was running late again.

Why were the buses running late?

Hvorfor var busserne forsinkede?

For at gøre en positiv sætning negativ, tilføj "not" før *verbet + "-ing"*. "You were not doing your homework." Du kan også bruge en *forkortelse (wasn't / weren't).* "You weren't doing your homework."

He wasn't planning it.

Han planlagde det ikke.

She was surprised because he wasn't planning it at all.

I wasn't running late.

Jeg var ikke forsinket.

I wasn't running late for the movie, I arrived just as the previews were starting.

They weren't studying all night.

De læste ikke hele natten.

She wasn't snoring.

Hun snorkede ikke.

Last night she wasn't snoring.

My mother wasn't cooking.

Min mor lavede ikke mad.

The children weren't sleeping during the drive home.

Børnene sov ikke under køreturen hjem.

to tell the truth

at tale sandt

My boyfriend was not telling me the truth.

Min kæreste fortalte mig ikke sandheden.

You were not doing your homework.

Du lavede ikke dine lektier.

*Ændringer i stavning* Vær forsigtig, da der også er nogle *staveændringer*, når du laver *-ing-formen* af verber. *For verber, der ender på et -e, skal du droppe -e'et og tilføje -ing.* "live - living" "make - making" "give - giving" *Med verber, der ender med en lang -e-lyd, tilføjes -ing som normalt* "see - seeing" "be - being" "agree - agreeing" *Hvis et udsagnsord ender på -ie, ændres ie til y, og derefter tilføjes -ing.* "die - dying" "lie - lying"

to agree

være enig

We all agreed to meet up at 8:00.

to hide

skjule

He tried to hide his profile.

Where were you hiding?

Hvor har du gemt dig?

After searching the whole house, I finally found my brother and asked, "Where were you hiding?

He was lying.

Han løj.

He was lying about his age to get into the club.

to die

dø

The main character will die at the end.

My phone battery was dying during the trip.

Min telefon løb tør for strøm under turen.

to make excuses

at komme med undskyldninger

He is making excuses again.

We were making no excuses.

Vi kom ikke med nogen undskyldninger.

After the game, we were making no excuses for our loss; we simply needed to play better.

We were living without the internet for two weeks.

Vi levede uden internet i to uger.

I was just being polite.

Jeg var bare høflig.

I didn't really want to go to the party, but I was just being polite.

homeless people

hjemløse

We were giving food to the homeless people.

Vi gav mad til de hjemløse.

*Når skal man fordoble den sidste bogstav?* Hvis verbet har *én stavelse* og *ender med KVK* (en konsonant + vokal + konsonant), *fordobler vi den sidste konsonant* før vi tilføjer -ing endelsen. "run - running" "plan - planning" Vi fordobler også den sidste konsonant *hvis den sidste stavelse er trykstærk.* "begin - beginning" "forget - forgetting" Men *fordobl ikke* konsonanten *for verber der ender på w, x eller y.* "stay - staying" "show - showing" "wax - waxing"

to forget

glemme

I keep forgetting to drink water!

I keep forgetting

Jeg glemmer det hele tiden

I keep forgetting to take my medication.

to begin

begynde

It was beginning to snow.

It was beginning to rain.

Det begyndte at regne.

It was beginning to rain when we got home.

to show the way

at vise vejen

I can show you the way.

She was showing him the way.

Hun viste ham vejen.

I was shopping.

Jeg var ude at handle.

My parents arrived while I was shopping.

to stay up

at være oppe

I decided to stay up late to finish my homework.

She was planning her holiday to Italy.

Hun planlagde sin ferie til Italien.

We were staying at a small hotel near the beach.

Vi boede på et lille hotel nær stranden.

We were planning on telling you.

Vi havde planlagt at fortælle dig det.

When were you planning on telling me?

The team was playing well.

Holdet spillede godt.

The team was playing well until the second half.

to stick to something

at holde sig til noget

You will lose weight if you stick to the diet.

*Kontinuerlig datid og simpel datid* Past continuous tense kan også bruges til at beskrive noget, der foregik *kontinuerligt i fortiden*, da en anden handling *afbrød det*. "I was making dinner when she arrived." *Læg mærke til det:* Ikke alle verber beskriver en kontinuerlig handling! Visse verber *kan ikke bruges i d* atid. Et almindeligt eksempel er verbet "to arrive". Forkert: "At noon, he was arriving." Korrekt: "At noon, he arrived."

I was reading when he knocked.

Jeg læste, da han bankede på.

She was cooking when I came home.

Hun lavede mad, da jeg kom hjem.

to get home

at komme hjem

What time did you get home last night?

When I got home, they were eating.

Da jeg kom hjem, var de i gang med at spise.

When we arrived, you were sleeping.

Da vi ankom, sov du.

after I left

efter jeg var gået

After I left, everyone at the party was still having fun.

What were you doing after I left?

Hvad lavede du, efter jeg var gået?

Nobody was dancing when the music stopped.

Der var ingen, der dansede, da musikken stoppede.

*Past continuous + sætningsord* Lad os kombinere den fortløbende datid med nogle af de udsagnsord, vi lige har lært!

I was setting up the meeting.

Jeg var ved at arrangere mødet.

I was setting up the meeting when I saw him.

She was breaking up with her boyfriend.

Hun var ved at gå fra sin kæreste.

When I saw her, she was breaking up with her boyfriend.

He was looking it up.

Han slog det op.

She was looking it up on her phone during the meeting.

Things were working out.

Alt gik som det skulle.

After a few weeks of hard work, things were working out for the team.

We were already giving up.

Vi var allerede ved at give op.

When the rain started, we were already giving up on our picnic plans.

She was getting over the flu when I visited her.

Hun var ved at komme sig over influenzaen, da jeg besøgte hende.

I was working out when they called me.

Jeg var i gang med at træne, da de ringede til mig.

*Verber, du ikke kan bruge i datid* Der er en bestemt type verber, som ikke kan bruges i nogen kontinuerlig tid, inklusive datid kontinuerlig tid. Disse kaldes *stative verber*. Fordi statiske verber i sig selv er kontinuerlige, lyder det mærkeligt at sætte dem i en kontinuerlig tid. Du kan bruge dem *i simpel* datid i stedet. Stative verber er f.eks: "love", "like", "believe", "seem", "need", "want", etc.

It seemed easy.

Det virkede nemt.

It seemed easy at first.

We loved the movie!

Vi elskede filmen!

We loved the new movie from Tarantino!

He wanted to go.

Han ville gerne afsted.

He wanted to go to the party but he couldn't.

I need to go home.

Jeg er nødt til at tage hjem.

After a long day, I need to go home and relax.

to realize

indse

He realized his mistake at once.

I realized later.

Jeg indså det senere.

I realized later that he was lying to me.

She believes everything I say.

Hun tror på alt, hvad jeg siger.

We understood your question.

Vi har forstået dit spørgsmål.

We understood your question but we didn't know the answer.

*Ønsker og*hypoteser Vi kan også bruge fortid kontinuerlig *til at henvise til nutiden eller fremtiden i hypoteser* (når vi forestiller os noget) eller i nogle få høflige udtryk."These seats are very uncomfortable. I wish we were traveling first class." "If Jack was playing, they would probably win." "Excuse me, I was wondering if this was the train for New York."