گذشته استمراری + افعال عبارتیکلمات انگلیسی

by DuoCards

بیایید با برخی از افعال عبارتی رایج که در انگلیسی روزمره مفید هستند، شروع کنیم!

to go on

ادامه دادن

The party went on until 3am.

to give up

تسلیم شدن

She didn't give up on her dreams.

to put off

به تعویق انداختن

He had to put off the meeting because he was very busy.

to work out

ورزش کردن

I go to the gym every day to work out and stay healthy.

to find out

متوجه شدن

We are trying to find out what the problem is.

to get over

کنار آمدن

I got over it quickly.

to break up

بهم زدن

She wants to break up with me.

to look something up

چیزی را جستجو کردن

You should look it up on the Internet.

to ask somebody out

دعوت کردن کسی به خصوص به یک قرار ملاقات

He asked me out.

She was too shy to ask him out.

او آنقدر خجالتی بود که نتوانست از او درخواست قرار کند.

to call off

لغو کردن. صرف نظر کردن.

Jason called the wedding off because he wasn't in love with his fiancée.

I called off the meeting.

من جلسه را لغو کردم.

to get away with something

قسر در رفتن

She always gets away with being late to class.

to sort something out

سر و سامان دادن به چیزی

I need to sort this problem out before the meeting.

*زمان گذشته استمراری* ما *از زمان گذشته استمراری* برای اشاره به یک *عمل یا حالتی که در مقطعی از گذشته در حال انجام بوده و ادامه داشته است،* استفاده می‌کنیم. این زمان از ترکیب زمان گذشته‌ی «of» "to be (was/were)"با اسم مفعول فعل *( "-ing"word) ساخته می‌شود.* اغلب برای توصیف *شرایطی که در گذشته وجود داشته است، استفاده می‌شود.* "The sun was shining every day that summer." "It was snowing yesterday." "They were eating at the restaurant."

effort

تلاش

She put a lot of effort into her homework.

to explore

کاوش کردن

I want to explore the forest this weekend.

a possibility

یک احتمال

She considered the possibility of moving to another city.

They were exploring different possibilities for their holiday.

آن‌ها گزینه‌های مختلفی را برای تعطیلاتشان بررسی می‌کردند.

holiday

تعطیلات

She was exploring the possibility of taking a holiday in Spain.

I was reading a book yesterday evening.

دیشب داشتم کتاب می‌خواندم.

They were playing football in the park.

آن‌ها در پارک فوتبال بازی می‌کردند.

It was improving.

داشت بهتر می‌شد.

His condition was improving.

I was listening carefully.

با دقت گوش می‌دادم.

به یاد داشته باشید که فعل "to be" را تغییر دهید تا *با فاعل مطابقت داشته باشد.* از "was" با "I, he, she," یا "it" استفاده کنید و از "were" با "you, we," یا "they." استفاده کنید. "She was working on an email when the fire alarm rang." "The team was playing well until the second half." از "were" برای همه فاعل‌های دیگر، از جمله همه فاعل‌های جمع استفاده کنید. "Were" همچنین با "you" استفاده می‌شود. "The days were getting shorter as winter approached."

The days were getting longer.

روزها بلندتر می‌شدند.

The days were getting longer as summer approached.

They were traveling a lot.

آن‌ها زیاد سفر می‌کردند.

They were traveling a lot last summer.

My mother was cooking.

مادرم داشت آشپزی می‌کرد.

My mother was cooking the dinner when we arrived.

We were dancing all night.

ما تمام شب را می‌رقصیدیم.

Was it raining?

داشت باران می‌آمد؟

Was it raining the whole day?

He was studying last night.

او دیشب داشت درس می‌خواند.

They were sleeping.

آن‌ها داشتند می‌خوابیدند.

While they were sleeping, the cat jumped on the bed.

*سوالات گذشته استمراری* ۱. سوالاتی که می‌توان با *بله* یا *خیر* به آنها پاسخ داد، با معکوس کردن فاعل و شکل صحیح فعل *be ( "was/were") ساخته می‌شوند.* "Was he studying all night again?" ۲. به سوالات Wh- نمی‌توان با بله یا خیر پاسخ داد. "Where was he going?"

to snore

خروپف کردن

He snores loudly.

Was she improving?

آیا او داشت بهتر می‌شد؟

to overcome

غلبه کردن

He had to overcome many obstacles to achieve his dreams.

Were you studying all night?

تمام شب رو درس می‌خوندی؟

Were we talking too loud?

آیا ما خیلی بلند حرف می‌زدیم؟

to measure

اندازه گرفتن

We want to measure your blood pressure.

What was he measuring?

او چه چیزی را اندازه می‌گرفت؟

Where were you going?

کجا داشتی می‌رفتی؟

Where were you going last night?

What was he doing?

داشت چه کار می‌کرد؟

to run late

دیر شدن

He was running late again.

Why were the buses running late?

چرا اتوبوس‌ها تاخیر داشتند؟

برای تبدیل یک جمله مثبت به *منفی*، "not" را قبل از *فعل + "-ing"* اضافه کنید. "You were not doing your homework." همچنین می‌توانید از *انقباض (wasn't / weren't)* استفاده کنید. "You weren't doing your homework."

He wasn't planning it.

او برای آن برنامه‌ریزی نمی‌کرد.

She was surprised because he wasn't planning it at all.

I wasn't running late.

دیرم نشده بود.

I wasn't running late for the movie, I arrived just as the previews were starting.

They weren't studying all night.

آن‌ها تمام شب را درس نمی‌خواندند.

She wasn't snoring.

او خروپف نمی‌کرد.

Last night she wasn't snoring.

My mother wasn't cooking.

مادرم آشپزی نمی‌کرد.

The children weren't sleeping during the drive home.

بچه‌ها در طول مسیر برگشت به خانه نخوابیده بودند.

to tell the truth

راست گفتن

My boyfriend was not telling me the truth.

دوست‌پسرم حقیقت رو به من نمی‌گفت.

You were not doing your homework.

تو تکالیفت را انجام نمی‌دادی.

*املا تغییر می کند* مراقب باشید زیرا هنگام ایجاد *فرم -ing* افعال نیز برخی *تغییرات املایی* وجود دارد. *برای افعالی که به یک -e ختم می شوند، -e را رها کرده و -ing را اضافه کنید.* "live - living" "make - making" "give - giving" *با افعالی که با صدای طولانی -e ختم می شوند، -ing را به صورت عادی اضافه کنید* "see - seeing" "be - being" "agree - agreeing" *اگر یک فعل به -ie ختم شود ie را به y تغییر دهید و سپس -ing را اضافه کنید.* "die - dying" "lie - lying"

to agree

موافقت کردن

We all agreed to meet up at 8:00.

to hide

پنهان کردن

He tried to hide his profile.

Where were you hiding?

کجا قایم شده بودی؟

After searching the whole house, I finally found my brother and asked, "Where were you hiding?

He was lying.

او داشت دروغ می‌گفت.

He was lying about his age to get into the club.

to die

مردن

The main character will die at the end.

My phone battery was dying during the trip.

در طول سفر شارژ باتری گوشی‌ام داشت تمام می‌شد.

to make excuses

بهانه آوردن

He is making excuses again.

We were making no excuses.

ما هیچ بهانه‌ای نمی‌آوردیم.

After the game, we were making no excuses for our loss; we simply needed to play better.

We were living without the internet for two weeks.

دو هفته بود که بدون اینترنت زندگی می‌کردیم.

I was just being polite.

فقط داشتم ادب به خرج می‌دادم.

I didn't really want to go to the party, but I was just being polite.

homeless people

افراد کارتن‌خواب

We were giving food to the homeless people.

ما داشتیم به افراد بی‌خانمان غذا می‌دادیم.

*چه زمانی حرف آخر را دو برابر کنیم؟* اگر فعل *یک هجا* داشته باشد و *به CVC (یک صامت + مصوت + صامت) ختم شود* ، قبل از اضافه کردن پسوند -ing، *صامت آخر را دو برابر* می‌کنیم. "run - running" "plan - planning" *اگر آخرین هجا استرس داشته باشد، صامت آخر را نیز دو برابر می‌کنیم.* "begin - beginning" "forget - forgetting" با این حال، *برای افعالی که به w، x یا y ختم می‌شوند،* صامت را *دو برابر نکنید* . "stay - staying" "show - showing" "wax - waxing"

to forget

فراموش کردن

I keep forgetting to drink water!

I keep forgetting

همش یادم می‌ره

I keep forgetting to take my medication.

to begin

شروع کردن

It was beginning to snow.

It was beginning to rain.

باران شروع به باریدن کرده بود.

It was beginning to rain when we got home.

to show the way

راهنمایی کردن

I can show you the way.

She was showing him the way.

او داشت راه را به او نشان می‌داد.

I was shopping.

داشتم خرید می‌کردم.

My parents arrived while I was shopping.

to stay up

بیدار ماندن

I decided to stay up late to finish my homework.

She was planning her holiday to Italy.

او در حال برنامه‌ریزی برای تعطیلاتش در ایتالیا بود.

We were staying at a small hotel near the beach.

ما در هتل کوچکی نزدیک ساحل اقامت داشتیم.

We were planning on telling you.

می‌خواستیم بهت بگیم.

When were you planning on telling me?

The team was playing well.

تیم خوب بازی می‌کرد.

The team was playing well until the second half.

to stick to something

به چیزی پایبند بودن

You will lose weight if you stick to the diet.

*گذشته استمراری و گذشته ساده* زمان گذشته استمراری همچنین می‌تواند برای توصیف چیزی که *در گذشته به طور پیوسته اتفاق می‌افتد،* زمانی که عمل دیگری *آن را قطع می‌کرد استفاده شود.* "I was making dinner when she arrived." *توجه:* هر فعل یک عمل استمراری را توصیف نمی کند! برخی از افعال را *نمی توان در زمان گذشته استمراری استفاده کرد.* یک مثال رایج فعل است "to arrive". اشتباه: "At noon, he was arriving." صحیح: "At noon, he arrived."

I was reading when he knocked.

داشتم کتاب می‌خواندم که او در زد.

She was cooking when I came home.

وقتی به خونه اومدم، داشت آشپزی می‌کرد.

to get home

به خانه رسیدن

What time did you get home last night?

When I got home, they were eating.

وقتی رسیدم خونه، داشتن غذا می‌خوردن.

When we arrived, you were sleeping.

وقتی رسیدیم، خواب بودی.

after I left

بعد از رفتنم

After I left, everyone at the party was still having fun.

What were you doing after I left?

بعد از اینکه من رفتم داشتی چیکار می‌کردی؟

Nobody was dancing when the music stopped.

وقتی موسیقی قطع شد، هیچ‌کس نمی‌رقصید.

*ماضی استمراری + افعال عبارتی* بیایید زمان گذشته استمراری را با برخی از افعال عبارتی که به تازگی یاد گرفتیم ترکیب کنیم!

I was setting up the meeting.

داشتم مقدمات جلسه را فراهم می‌کردم.

I was setting up the meeting when I saw him.

She was breaking up with her boyfriend.

او داشت از دوست‌پسرش جدا می‌شد.

When I saw her, she was breaking up with her boyfriend.

He was looking it up.

داشت دنبالش می‌گشت.

She was looking it up on her phone during the meeting.

Things were working out.

همه چیز خوب پیش می‌رفت.

After a few weeks of hard work, things were working out for the team.

We were already giving up.

دیگر داشتیم ناامید می‌شدیم.

When the rain started, we were already giving up on our picnic plans.

She was getting over the flu when I visited her.

وقتی به دیدنش رفتم، داشت از بیماری آنفولانزا بهبود پیدا می‌کرد.

I was working out when they called me.

داشتم ورزش می‌کردم که بهم زنگ زدن.

*افعالی که نمی توانید در زمان گذشته استمراری استفاده کنید* نوع خاصی از فعل وجود دارد که در هیچ زمان استمراری از جمله زمان گذشته استمراری قابل استفاده نیست. به این *افعال ثابت می گویند.* از آنجا که افعال ثابت ذاتاً استمراری هستند، قرار دادن آنها در زمان استمراری عجیب به نظر می رسد. به جای آن می توانید از آنها *در گذشته ساده* استفاده کنید. افعال ثابت عبارتند از: "love", "like", "believe", "seem", "need", "want", و غیره.

It seemed easy.

آسان به نظر می‌رسید.

It seemed easy at first.

We loved the movie!

ما عاشق فیلم شدیم!

We loved the new movie from Tarantino!

He wanted to go.

او می‌خواست برود.

He wanted to go to the party but he couldn't.

I need to go home.

باید برم خونه.

After a long day, I need to go home and relax.

to realize

متوجه شدن

He realized his mistake at once.

I realized later.

بعداً متوجه شدم.

I realized later that he was lying to me.

She believes everything I say.

او هر چه می‌گویم را باور می‌کند.

We understood your question.

متوجه سوال شما شدیم.

We understood your question but we didn't know the answer.

*آرزوها و فرضیه‌ها* ما همچنین می‌توانیم از گذشته استمراری *برای اشاره به حال یا آینده در فرضیه‌ها* (وقتی چیزی را تصور می‌کنیم) یا در برخی عبارات مودبانه استفاده کنیم. "These seats are very uncomfortable. I wish we were traveling first class." "If Jack was playing, they would probably win." "Excuse me, I was wondering if this was the train for New York."