កាលអតីតកាលកំពុងបន្ត (Past continuous) + កិរិយាស័ព្ទផ្សំ (Phrasal verbs)ពាក្យអង់គ្លេស
by DuoCards
ចាប់ផ្តើមជាមួយកិរិយាសព្ទដែលមានប្រយោគទូទៅមួយចំនួនដែលមានប្រយោជន៍ក្នុងភាសាអង់គ្លេសប្រចាំថ្ងៃ!
to go on
បន្តទៀត
The party went on until 3am.
to give up
បោះបង់
She didn't give up on her dreams.
to put off
ពន្យារពេល
He had to put off the meeting because he was very busy.
to work out
ហាត់ប្រាណ
I go to the gym every day to work out and stay healthy.
to find out
ស្វែងរក
We are trying to find out what the problem is.
to get over
យកឈ្នះ
I got over it quickly.
to break up
បែកគ្នា
She wants to break up with me.
to look something up
ស្វែងរកអ្វីមួយ
You should look it up on the Internet.
to ask somebody out
ណាត់គេទៅក្រៅ
He asked me out.
She was too shy to ask him out.
នាងអៀនពេកមិនហ៊ានបបួលគាត់ចេញទៅក្រៅជាមួយគ្នាទេ។
to call off
លុបចោល
Jason called the wedding off because he wasn't in love with his fiancée.
I called off the meeting.
ខ្ញុំបានលុបចោលការប្រជុំនោះហើយ។
to get away with something
រួចខ្លួនពីអ្វីមួយ
She always gets away with being late to class.
to sort something out
ដោះស្រាយបញ្ហាអ្វីមួយ
I need to sort this problem out before the meeting.
*អតីតកាលបន្តតានតឹង*
យើងប្រើ *Past Continuous tense* ដើម្បីសំដៅទៅលើ *សកម្មភាពបន្ត ឬស្ថានភាពដែលកំពុងកើតឡើងនៅចំណុចមួយចំនួនកាលពីអតីតកាល។*
ភាពតានតឹងនេះត្រូវបានបង្កើតឡើងដោយការរួមបញ្ចូលគ្នារវាងអតីតកាលនៃអតីតកាល "to be (was/were)"ជាមួយនឹងការចូលរួមបច្ចុប្បន្នរបស់កិរិយាស័ព្ទ *( "-ing"ពាក្យ) ។*
វាត្រូវបានគេប្រើជាញឹកញាប់ដើម្បីពិពណ៌នាអំពី *លក្ខខណ្ឌដែលមាននៅក្នុងអតីតកាល។*
"The sun was shining every day that summer."
"It was snowing yesterday."
"They were eating at the restaurant."
effort
ការខិតខំប្រឹងប្រែង
She put a lot of effort into her homework.
to explore
ស្វែងយល់
I want to explore the forest this weekend.
a possibility
លទ្ធភាព
She considered the possibility of moving to another city.
They were exploring different possibilities for their holiday.
ពួកគេកំពុងស្វែងរកជម្រើសផ្សេងៗសម្រាប់វិស្សមកាលរបស់ពួកគេ។
holiday
ថ្ងៃឈប់សម្រាក
She was exploring the possibility of taking a holiday in Spain.
I was reading a book yesterday evening.
កាលពីល្ងាចម្ិញ ខ្ញុំកំពុងអានសៀវភៅ។
They were playing football in the park.
ពួកគេកំពុងលេងបាល់ទាត់នៅក្នុងសួនច្បារ
It was improving.
វាមានភាពប្រសើរឡើង
His condition was improving.
I was listening carefully.
ខ្ញុំបានស្តាប់ដោយយកចិត្តទុកដាក់។
"Was"ឬ "were"- *តើត្រូវប្រើអ្វី?*
ចងចាំថាត្រូវផ្លាស់ប្តូរកិរិយាស័ព្ទ "to be"ដូច្នេះ *វាត្រូវគ្នានឹងប្រធានបទ។* ប្រើ "was"ជាមួយ "I, he, she,"ឬ "it"និងប្រើ "were"ជាមួយ "you, we,"ឬ "they."
"She was working on an email when the fire alarm rang."
"The team was playing well until the second half."
ប្រើ "were"សម្រាប់មុខវិជ្ជាផ្សេងទៀតទាំងអស់ រួមទាំងមុខវិជ្ជាពហុវចនៈទាំងអស់។ "Were"ក៏ត្រូវបានប្រើជាមួយ "you"។
"The days were getting shorter as winter approached."
The days were getting longer.
ថ្ងៃកាន់តែវែងទៅៗ
The days were getting longer as summer approached.
They were traveling a lot.
ពួកគេបានធ្វើដំណើរច្រើនណាស់។
They were traveling a lot last summer.
My mother was cooking.
ម្ដាយរបស់ខ្ញុំកំពុងធ្វើម្ហូប
My mother was cooking the dinner when we arrived.
We were dancing all night.
ពួកយើងបានរាំពេញមួយយប់
Was it raining?
តើភ្លៀងកំពុងធ្លាក់មែនទេ?
Was it raining the whole day?
He was studying last night.
កាលពីយប់មិញគាត់កំពុងរៀន។
They were sleeping.
ពួកគេកំពុងតែដេក
While they were sleeping, the cat jumped on the bed.
*សំណួរបន្តកន្លងមក*
1. សំណួរដែលអាចឆ្លើយបានដោយ *បាទ* ឬ *ទេ* ត្រូវបានបង្កើតឡើងដោយការដាក់បញ្ច្រាសប្រធានបទនិងទម្រង់ត្រឹមត្រូវនៃកិរិយាសព្ទ *be ( "was/were").*
"Was he studying all night again?"
2. Wh- សំណួរមិនអាចឆ្លើយបានថា បាទ ឬទេ ។
"Where was he going?"
to snore
ស្រមុក
He snores loudly.
Was she improving?
តើនាងមានការរីកចម្រើនខ្លះទេ?
to overcome
យកឈ្នះ
He had to overcome many obstacles to achieve his dreams.
Were you studying all night?
តើអ្នករៀនពេញមួយយប់មែនទេ?
Were we talking too loud?
តើយើងនិយាយឮខ្លាំងពេកមែនទេ?
to measure
វាស់
We want to measure your blood pressure.
What was he measuring?
តើគាត់កំពុងវាស់អ្វី?
Where were you going?
តើអ្នកកំពុងទៅណា?
Where were you going last night?
What was he doing?
តើគាត់កំពុងធ្វើអ្វី?
to run late
មកយឺត
He was running late again.
Why were the buses running late?
ហេតុអ្វីបានជាឡានក្រុងយឺតយ៉ាវ?
*ទម្រង់អវិជ្ជមានបន្តកន្លងមក*
ដើម្បីធ្វើឱ្យសេចក្តីថ្លែងការណ៍វិជ្ជមាន *អវិជ្ជមាន* បន្ថែម "not"មុន *កិរិយាស័ព្ទ +"-ing"* .
"You were not doing your homework."
អ្នកក៏អាចប្រើ *ការកន្ត្រាក់បានដែរ (មិនមែន/មិនមែន)*
"You weren't doing your homework."
He wasn't planning it.
គាត់មិនបានគ្រោងទុកវាទេ
She was surprised because he wasn't planning it at all.
I wasn't running late.
ខ្ញុំមិនបានយឺតពេលទេ
I wasn't running late for the movie, I arrived just as the previews were starting.
They weren't studying all night.
ពួកគេមិនបានរៀនពេញមួយយប់នោះទេ។
She wasn't snoring.
នាងមិនបានស្រមុកទេ
Last night she wasn't snoring.
My mother wasn't cooking.
ម្ដាយរបស់ខ្ញុំមិនបានធ្វើម្ហូបទេ
The children weren't sleeping during the drive home.
ក្មេងៗមិនបានដេកទេក្នុងពេលធ្វើដំណើរត្រឡប់ទៅផ្ទះវិញ។
to tell the truth
និយាយការពិត
My boyfriend was not telling me the truth.
មិត្តប្រុសរបស់ខ្ញុំមិនបាននិយាយការពិតមកកាន់ខ្ញុំទេ
You were not doing your homework.
អ្នកមិនបានធ្វើកិច្ចការផ្ទះទេ
*ការផ្លាស់ប្តូរអក្ខរាវិរុទ្ធ*
សូមប្រយ័ត្ន ព្រោះមានការ *ផ្លាស់ប្តូរអក្ខរាវិរុទ្ធ* មួយចំនួន នៅពេលអ្នកបង្កើត *ទម្រង់កិរិយាស័ព្ទ* ។
*សម្រាប់កិរិយាស័ព្ទដែលបញ្ចប់ដោយមួយ -e ទម្លាក់ -e ហើយបន្ថែម -ing ។*
"live - living"
"make - making"
"give - giving"
*ជាមួយនឹងកិរិយាស័ព្ទដែលបញ្ចប់ដោយសំឡេងវែង -e បន្ថែម -ing ដូចធម្មតា។*
"see - seeing"
"be - being"
"agree - agreeing"
*ប្រសិនបើកិរិយាស័ព្ទបញ្ចប់ដោយ -ie ផ្លាស់ប្តូរ ie ទៅ y ហើយបន្ទាប់មកបន្ថែម -ing ។*
"die - dying"
"lie - lying"
to agree
យល់ព្រម
We all agreed to meet up at 8:00.
to hide
លាក់
He tried to hide his profile.
Where were you hiding?
តើអ្នកបានទៅលាក់ខ្លួននៅឯណា?
After searching the whole house, I finally found my brother and asked, "Where were you hiding?
He was lying.
គាត់កំពុងតែភូតកុហក
He was lying about his age to get into the club.
to die
ស្លាប់
The main character will die at the end.
My phone battery was dying during the trip.
ថ្មទូរស័ព្ទរបស់ខ្ញុំអស់ក្នុងពេលកំពុងធ្វើដំណើរ
to make excuses
រកលេស
He is making excuses again.
We were making no excuses.
ពួកយើងមិនបានរកលេសអ្វីទាំងអស់
After the game, we were making no excuses for our loss; we simply needed to play better.
We were living without the internet for two weeks.
ពួកយើងបានរស់នៅដោយគ្មានអ៊ីនធឺណិតអស់រយៈពេលពីរអាទិត្យ។
I was just being polite.
ខ្ញុំគ្រាន់តែចង់រាក់ទាក់ប៉ុណ្ណោះ
I didn't really want to go to the party, but I was just being polite.
homeless people
ជនអនាថា
We were giving food to the homeless people.
ពួកយើងកំពុងតែចែកអាហារដល់ជនអនាថា។
*ពេលណាត្រូវដាក់អក្សរចុងក្រោយពីរដង?*
ប្រសិនបើកិរិយាសព្ទមាន *ព្យាង្គមួយ* ហើយ *បញ្ចប់ដោយ CVC* (ព្យញ្ជនៈ + ស្រៈ + ព្យញ្ជនៈ) យើង *បង្កើនព្យញ្ជនៈចុងក្រោយពីរដង* មុននឹងបន្ថែមការបញ្ចប់ -ing ។
"run - running"
"plan - planning"
យើងក៏ទ្វេដងនៃព្យញ្ជនៈចុងក្រោយ *ប្រសិនបើព្យាង្គចុងក្រោយត្រូវបានសង្កត់ធ្ងន់។*
"begin - beginning"
"forget - forgetting"
ទោះយ៉ាងណាក៏ដោយ *កុំដាក់ព្យញ្ជនៈទ្វេដង* *សម្រាប់កិរិយាស័ព្ទដែលបញ្ចប់ដោយ w, x ឬ y ។*
"stay - staying"
"show - showing"
"wax - waxing"
to forget
ភ្លេច
I keep forgetting to drink water!
I keep forgetting
ខ្ញុំតែងតែភ្លេច
I keep forgetting to take my medication.
to begin
ចាប់ផ្តើម
It was beginning to snow.
It was beginning to rain.
មេឃចាប់ផ្តើមភ្លៀងហើយ
It was beginning to rain when we got home.
to show the way
បង្ហាញផ្លូវ
I can show you the way.
She was showing him the way.
នាងកំពុងបង្ហាញផ្លូវដល់គាត់។
I was shopping.
ខ្ញុំកំពុងតែដើរទិញឥវ៉ាន់
My parents arrived while I was shopping.
to stay up
នៅភ្ញាក់
I decided to stay up late to finish my homework.
She was planning her holiday to Italy.
នាងកំពុងរៀបចំផែនការទៅលេងប្រទេសអ៊ីតាលី។
We were staying at a small hotel near the beach.
ពួកយើងធ្លាប់ស្នាក់នៅសណ្ឋាគារតូចមួយក្បែរឆ្នេរសមុទ្រ។
We were planning on telling you.
ពួកយើងមានគម្រោងថានឹងប្រាប់អ្នក
When were you planning on telling me?
The team was playing well.
ក្រុមនេះលេងបានល្អ។
The team was playing well until the second half.
to stick to something
ប្រកាន់ខ្ជាប់នូវអ្វីមួយ
You will lose weight if you stick to the diet.
*អតីតកាលបន្ត និងអតីតកាលសាមញ្ញ*
Past Continuation Tense ក៏អាចត្រូវបានប្រើដើម្បីពិពណ៌នាអំពីអ្វីមួយដែល *កំពុងកើតឡើងជាបន្តបន្ទាប់នៅក្នុងអតីតកាល* នៅពេលដែលសកម្មភាពផ្សេងទៀត *រំខានវា។*
"I was making dinner when she arrived."
*ចំណាំ៖* មិនមែនគ្រប់កិរិយាស័ព្ទពិពណ៌នាសកម្មភាពបន្តទេ! កិរិយាស័ព្ទជាក់លាក់ *មិនអាចប្រើក្នុងអតីតកាលបន្តបន្ទាប់បានទេ។*
ឧទាហរណ៍ទូទៅមួយគឺកិរិយាស័ព្ទ "to arrive"។
ខុស៖ "At noon, he was arriving."
ត្រឹមត្រូវ៖ "At noon, he arrived."។
I was reading when he knocked.
ខ្ញុំកំពុងអានសៀវភៅ ស្រាប់តែគាត់គោះទ្វារ។
She was cooking when I came home.
នាងកំពុងធ្វើម្ហូបពេលដែលខ្ញុំមកដល់ផ្ទះ
to get home
ត្រឡប់ទៅផ្ទះវិញ
What time did you get home last night?
When I got home, they were eating.
ពេលខ្ញុំមកដល់ផ្ទះ ពួកគេកំពុងតែញ៉ាំបាយ
When we arrived, you were sleeping.
ពេលពួកយើងមកដល់ អ្នកកំពុងតែដេកលក់
after I left
បន្ទាប់ពីខ្ញុំបានចាកចេញ
After I left, everyone at the party was still having fun.
What were you doing after I left?
តើអ្នកកំពុងធ្វើអ្វីបន្ទាប់ពីខ្ញុំចេញទៅ?
Nobody was dancing when the music stopped.
គ្មាននរណាម្នាក់រាំទេនៅពេលដែលតន្ត្រីបានឈប់
*អតីតកាលបន្ត + កិរិយាស័ព្ទ Phrasal*
ចូររួមបញ្ចូលអតីតកាលបន្តបន្ទាប់គ្នាជាមួយកិរិយាសព្ទឃ្លាខ្លះដែលយើងទើបតែរៀន!
I was setting up the meeting.
ខ្ញុំកំពុងរៀបចំការប្រជុំ។
I was setting up the meeting when I saw him.
She was breaking up with her boyfriend.
នាងកំពុងតែបែកគ្នាជាមួយសង្សាររបស់នាង។
When I saw her, she was breaking up with her boyfriend.
He was looking it up.
គាត់កំពុងតែស្វែងរកវា
She was looking it up on her phone during the meeting.
Things were working out.
អ្វីៗគ្រប់យ៉ាងដំណើរការទៅដោយរលូន
After a few weeks of hard work, things were working out for the team.
We were already giving up.
ពួកយើងស្ទើរតែបោះបង់ទៅហើយ។
When the rain started, we were already giving up on our picnic plans.
She was getting over the flu when I visited her.
នាងកំពុងតែជាសះស្បើយពីជំងឺផ្តាសាយពេលដែលខ្ញុំទៅលេងនាង។
I was working out when they called me.
ខ្ញុំកំពុងហាត់ប្រាណពេលដែលគេខលមកខ្ញុំ។
*កិរិយាស័ព្ទដែលអ្នកមិនអាចប្រើក្នុងអតីតកាលបន្តបន្ទាប់គ្នាបានទេ។*
មានកិរិយាសព្ទប្រភេទជាក់លាក់មួយដែលមិនអាចប្រើបានក្នុងរយៈពេលបន្តបន្ទាប់គ្នា រួមទាំងអតីតកាលបន្តបន្ទាប់គ្នា។ ទាំងនេះត្រូវបានគេហៅថា *កិរិយាសព្ទ stative ។*
ដោយសារកិរិយាសព្ទឋិតថេរគឺបន្តជាប់គ្នា វាស្តាប់ទៅហាក់ដូចជាចម្លែកក្នុងការដាក់ពួកវាក្នុងភាពតានតឹងជាបន្តបន្ទាប់។ អ្នកអាចប្រើពួកវា *ក្នុងអតីតកាលសាមញ្ញ* ជំនួសវិញ។
កិរិយាសព្ទជាឧទាហរណ៍៖ "love", "like", "believe", "seem", "need", "want", ល។
It seemed easy.
វាហាក់ដូចជាងាយស្រួល។
It seemed easy at first.
We loved the movie!
ពួកយើងចូលចិត្តភាពយន្តនេះខ្លាំងណាស់!
We loved the new movie from Tarantino!
He wanted to go.
គាត់ចង់ទៅ
He wanted to go to the party but he couldn't.
I need to go home.
ខ្ញុំត្រូវតែទៅផ្ទះ
After a long day, I need to go home and relax.
to realize
ដឹងខ្លួន
He realized his mistake at once.
I realized later.
ពេលក្រោយខ្ញុំទើបតែដឹង
I realized later that he was lying to me.
She believes everything I say.
នាងជឿគ្រប់យ៉ាងដែលខ្ញុំនិយាយ។
We understood your question.
យើងបានយល់ពីសំណួររបស់អ្នកហើយ។
We understood your question but we didn't know the answer.
*បំណងប្រាថ្នានិងសម្មតិកម្ម*
យើងក៏អាចប្រើអតីតកាលបន្ត *ដើម្បីសំដៅទៅលើបច្ចុប្បន្ន ឬអនាគតនៅក្នុងសម្មតិកម្ម* (នៅពេលយើងស្រមៃអ្វីមួយ) ឬក្នុងការបញ្ចេញមតិដ៏គួរសមមួយចំនួន។
"These seats are very uncomfortable. I wish we were traveling first class."
"If Jack was playing, they would probably win."
"Excuse me, I was wondering if this was the train for New York."
I wish he was telling the truth.
ខ្ញុំសង្ឃឹមថាគាត់កំពុងនិយាយការពិត
I was wondering if...
ខ្ញុំចង់ដឹងថា តើ...
I was wondering if you could help me.
I was wondering if you could help me with my homework.
ខ្ញុំចង់សួរថា តើអ្នកអាចជួយខ្ញុំធ្វើកិច្ចការផ្ទះបានទេ?
If only he wasn't snoring.
បើគ្រាន់តែគាត់មិនស្រមុក
If only he wasn't snoring, I could finally get some sleep.
I wish it wasn't raining.
សង្ឃឹមថាវាមិនភ្លៀង
to pass an exam
ប្រឡងជាប់
Did you pass the exam?
If he was studying, he would pass the exam.
ប្រសិនបើគាត់រៀន គាត់នឹងប្រឡងជាប់។
I wish I was sleeping right now.
ខ្ញុំចង់តែដេកឥឡូវនេះ
After a long day, I wish I was sleeping instead of doing homework.
They wish things were working out.
ពួកគេចង់ឱ្យអ្វីៗដំណើរការទៅដោយរលូន។