Давомнокии гузашта + Феълҳои фразеологӣКалимаҳои англисӣ

by DuoCards

*Замони гузаштаи давомдор* Мо *замони гузаштаи Continuous-ро* барои ишора ба *амал ё ҳолате, ки дар ягон лаҳзаи гузашта рух дода буд* , истифода мебарем. Ин замони гузашта бо пайвастани "to be (was/were)"сифати феълии феъл *( "-ing"калима) сохта мешавад.* Он одатан барои тавсифи *шароитҳои дар гузашта мавҷудбуда истифода мешавад.* "The sun was shining every day that summer." "It was snowing yesterday." "They were eating at the restaurant."

effort

кӯшиш

She put a lot of effort into her homework.

to explore

омӯхтан

I want to explore the forest this weekend.

a possibility

имконият

She considered the possibility of moving to another city.

They were exploring different possibilities for their holiday.

Онҳо барои рӯзҳои истироҳаташон имкониятҳои гуногунро меомӯхтанд.

holiday

ид

She was exploring the possibility of taking a holiday in Spain.

I was reading a book yesterday evening.

Дирӯз бегоҳӣ ман китоб мехондам.

They were playing football in the park.

Онҳо дар боғ футбол бозӣ мекарданд.

It was improving.

Он беҳтар мешуд.

His condition was improving.

I was listening carefully.

Ман бодиққат гӯш мекардам.

"Was" ё "were" - *Кадомашро истифода бурдан лозим?* Феъли "to be"-ро тағйир диҳед, то *бо мавзӯъ мувофиқат кунад.* Аз "was" бо "I, he, she," ё "it" истифода баред, ва аз "were" бо "you, we," ё "they." "She was working on an email when the fire alarm rang." "The team was playing well until the second half." Аз "were" барои ҳамаи мавзӯъҳои дигар, аз ҷумла ҳамаи мавзӯъҳои ҷамъ истифода баред. "Were" инчунин бо "you" истифода мешавад. "The days were getting shorter as winter approached."

The days were getting longer.

Рӯзҳо дарозтар мешуданд.

The days were getting longer as summer approached.

They were traveling a lot.

Онҳо бисёр сафар мекарданд.

They were traveling a lot last summer.

My mother was cooking.

Модари ман пухта истода буд.

My mother was cooking the dinner when we arrived.

We were dancing all night.

Мо тамоми шаб рақс мекардем.

Was it raining?

Борон меборид?

Was it raining the whole day?

He was studying last night.

Дишаб ӯ мехонд.

They were sleeping.

Онҳо хоб мерафтанд.

While they were sleeping, the cat jumped on the bed.

*Саволҳои давомдори гузашта* 1. Саволњое, ки бо *ња* ё *не* љавоб дода мешаванд, бо иваз кардани предмет ва шакли дурусти феъли *be ( "was/were") сохта мешаванд.* "Was he studying all night again?" 2. Вh- ба саволњо бо ња ё не љавоб додан мумкин нест. "Where was he going?"

snore

хурӯс кардан

He snores loudly.

to snore

хуррок кашидан

My siblings snore and so does my mom.

Was she improving?

Оё вай беҳтар мешуд?

to overcome

бартараф кардан

He had to overcome many obstacles to achieve his dreams.

Were you studying all night?

Ту тамоми шаб дарс мехондӣ?

Were we talking too loud?

Мо хеле баланд гап мезадем?

to measure

чен кардан

We want to measure your blood pressure.

What was he measuring?

Ӯ чиро чен мекард?

Where were you going?

Ту ба куҷо мерафтӣ?

Where were you going last night?

What was he doing?

Ӯ чӣ кор мекард?

to run late

дер вақти муайян нарасидан

He was running late again.

Why were the buses running late?

Чаро автобусҳо дер мерафтанд?

Барои сохтани ҷумлаи мусбат *манфӣ*, пеш аз *феъл + "-ing"* "not" илова кунед. "You were not doing your homework." Шумо инчунин метавонед *ихтисор (wasn't / weren't)* истифода баред. "You weren't doing your homework."

He wasn't planning it.

Вай инро нақша накарда буд.

She was surprised because he wasn't planning it at all.

I wasn't running late.

Ман дер намондам.

I wasn't running late for the movie, I arrived just as the previews were starting.

They weren't studying all night.

Онҳо тамоми шаб намехонданд.

She wasn't snoring.

Ӯ хоб намекард.

Last night she wasn't snoring.

My mother wasn't cooking.

Модари ман пухтупаз намекард.

The children weren't sleeping during the drive home.

Кӯдакон ҳангоми сафар ба хона намехобиданд.

to tell the truth

росташро гуфтан

My boyfriend was not telling me the truth.

Дӯстписарам ба ман ростиро намегуфт.

You were not doing your homework.

Шумо вазифаи хонагиатонро иҷро намекардед.

*Тағйироти имло* Эҳтиёт бошед, зеро ҳангоми сохтани *шакли -ing* -и феълҳо баъзе *тағйироти имлоӣ* низ вуҷуд доранд. *Барои феълҳое, ки бо як -e анҷом мешаванд, -e-ро партофта, -ing илова кунед.* "live - living" "make - making" "give - giving" *Бо феълҳое, ки бо садои дарози -e анҷом мешаванд, ҳамчун муқаррарӣ -ing илова кунед* "see - seeing" "be - being" "agree - agreeing" *Агар феъл бо -яъне ба y табдил ёбанд ва баъд -ing илова кунед.* "die - dying" "lie - lying"

to agree

мувофиқат кардан

We all agreed to meet up at 8:00.

to hide

пинҳон кардан

He tried to hide his profile.

Where were you hiding?

Дар куҷо пинҳон шуда будӣ?

After searching the whole house, I finally found my brother and asked, "Where were you hiding?

He was lying.

Ӯ дурӯғ мегуфт.

He was lying about his age to get into the club.

to die

мурдан

The main character will die at the end.

My phone battery was dying during the trip.

Дар вақти сафар батареяи телефони ман тамом мешуд.

to make excuses

ба баҳонаҷӯӣ кардан

He is making excuses again.

We were making no excuses.

Мо ягон баҳона намекардем.

After the game, we were making no excuses for our loss; we simply needed to play better.

We were living without the internet for two weeks.

Мо ду ҳафта бе интернет зиндагӣ мекардем.

I was just being polite.

Ман фақат одоб нишон медодам.

I didn't really want to go to the party, but I was just being polite.

homeless people

одамҳои бехона

We were giving food to the homeless people.

Мо ба одамони бехонаву дар хӯрок медодем.

*Ҳарфи охиринро кай бояд дучанд кард?* Агар феъл *як ҳиҷо* дошта бошад ва *бо CVC (ҳамсадо + садонок + ҳамсадо) анҷом шавад* , мо пеш аз илова кардани пасванди -ing *ҳамсадоҳои охиринро ду баробар мекунем* . "run - running" "plan - planning" Мо ҳамсадоҳои охиринро дучанд мекунем *, агар ҳиҷои охирин таъкид шавад.* "begin - beginning" "forget - forgetting" Аммо *барои феълҳое, ки бо w, x ё y анҷом мешаванд,* ҳамсадоҳоро *дучанд накунед* . "stay - staying" "show - showing" "wax - waxing"

to forget

фаромӯш кардан

I keep forgetting to drink water!

I keep forgetting

Ман доимо фаромӯш мекунам

I keep forgetting to take my medication.

to begin

оғоз кардан

It was beginning to snow.

It was beginning to rain.

Боридан сар шуд.

It was beginning to rain when we got home.

to show the way

нишон додани роҳ

I can show you the way.

She was showing him the way.

Вай ба ӯ роҳро нишон медод.

I was shopping.

Ман харид мекардам.

My parents arrived while I was shopping.

to stay up

бедор мондан

I decided to stay up late to finish my homework.

She was planning her holiday to Italy.

Вай ба Италия рафтани рухсатиашро нақша мекашид.

We were staying at a small hotel near the beach.

Мо дар меҳмонхонаи хурд дар наздикии соҳил истиқомат мекардем.

We were planning on telling you.

Мо ният доштем, ки ба шумо гӯем.

When were you planning on telling me?

The team was playing well.

Даста хуб бозӣ мекард.

The team was playing well until the second half.

*Феълхои фразеологии маъмул* Акнун биёед баъзе феълҳои фразеологиро омӯзем, ки ҳангоми гуфтугӯ бо забони англисӣ донистан муҳиманд!

to go on

идома додан

The party went on until 3am.

to give up

таслим шудан

She didn't give up on her dreams.

to put off

ба таъхир гузоштан

He had to put off the meeting because he was very busy.

to work out

машқ кардан

I go to the gym every day to work out and stay healthy.

to find out

фаҳмидан

We are trying to find out what the problem is.

to break up

ҷудо шудан

She wants to break up with me.

to get over

бартараф кардан

I got over it quickly.

to look something up

ҷустуҷӯ кардани чизе

You should look it up on the Internet.

to turn out to be

маълум шудан

It turned out to be the best solution.

to ask somebody out

даъват кардан ба мулоқот

He asked me out.

to call off

бекор кардан

Jason called the wedding off because he wasn't in love with his fiancée.

to get away with something

аз чизе халос шудан

She always gets away with being late to class.

to set up

барпо кардан

I will set up a meeting with him.

to sort something out

чизеро ҳал кардан

I need to sort this problem out before the meeting.

to stick to something

ба чизе часпидан

You will lose weight if you stick to the diet.

*Давомнокии гузашта ва оддӣ гузашта* Замони гузаштаи давомдор инчунин метавонад барои тавсифи чизе, ки *дар гузашта пайваста рух дода буд,* вақте ки амали дигаре *онро қатъ кард, истифода шавад.* "I was making dinner when she arrived." *Эзоҳ:* На ҳар як феъл амали давомдорро тавсиф мекунад! Баъзе феълҳоро *дар замони гузаштаи давомдор истифода бурдан мумкин нест.* Як мисоли маъмул феъл аст "to arrive". хато: "At noon, he was arriving." Дуруст: "At noon, he arrived."

I was reading when he knocked.

Ман китоб мехондам, вақте ки ӯ кӯфт.

She was cooking when I came home.

Вақте ки ман ба хона омадам, ӯ пухта истода буд.

to get home

ба хона расидан

What time did you get home last night?

When I got home, they were eating.

Вақте ки ман ба хона расидам, онҳо хӯрок мехӯрданд.

When we arrived, you were sleeping.

Вақте ки мо расидем, ту хоб будӣ.

after I left

пас аз рафтани ман

After I left, everyone at the party was still having fun.

What were you doing after I left?

Чӣ кор мекардӣ, баъди он ки ман рафтам?

Nobody was dancing when the music stopped.

Ҳеҷ кас намерақсид, вақте ки мусиқӣ қатъ шуд.

*Давомнокии гузашта + Феълҳои фразеологӣ* Биёед замони гузаштаи давомдорро бо баъзе феълҳои фразеологии нав омӯхтаамон якҷоя кунем!

I was setting up the meeting.

Ман вохӯриро омода мекардам.

I was setting up the meeting when I saw him.

She was breaking up with her boyfriend.

Ӯ бо дӯстдоштааш ҷудо мешуд.

When I saw her, she was breaking up with her boyfriend.

He was looking it up.

Ӯ онро ҷустуҷӯ мекард.

She was looking it up on her phone during the meeting.

Things were working out.

Ҳама чиз хуб мешуд.

After a few weeks of hard work, things were working out for the team.

We were already giving up.

Мо аллакай даст мекашидем.

When the rain started, we were already giving up on our picnic plans.

She was getting over the flu when I visited her.

Вақте ки ман ӯро хабар гирифтам, ӯ аз зуком сиҳат мешуд.

I was working out when they called me.

Ман машқ мекардам, вақте ки онҳо ба ман занг заданд.

*Феълҳое, ки шумо наметавонед дар замони гузаштаи давомдор истифода баред* Навъи муайяни феъл вуҷуд дорад, ки дар ҳеҷ гуна замони давомдор, аз ҷумла замони гузаштаи давомдор истифода намешавад. Инҳоро *феълҳои устувор меноманд.* Азбаски феълҳои стативӣ табиатан пайвастаанд, дар замони давомдор гузоштани онҳо аҷиб садо медиҳад. Шумо метавонед онҳоро *дар гузаштаи оддӣ* ба ҷои он истифода баред. Масалан, феълҳои ставӣ мебошанд: "love", "like", "believe", "seem", "need", "want", ва ғ.

It seemed easy.

Ба назар осон менамуд.

It seemed easy at first.

We loved the movie!

Мо филмро бисёр дӯст доштем!

We loved the new movie from Tarantino!

He wanted to go.

Вай мехост равад.

He wanted to go to the party but he couldn't.

I need to go home.

Ман бояд ба хона равам.

After a long day, I need to go home and relax.

to realize

дарк кардан

He realized his mistake at once.

I realized later.

Ман баъдтар фаҳмидам.

I realized later that he was lying to me.

She believes everything I say.

Ӯ ба ҳама гуфтаҳои ман бовар мекунад.

We understood your question.

Мо саволи шуморо фаҳмидем.

We understood your question but we didn't know the answer.

*Орзуҳо ва гипотезаҳо* Мо инчунин метавонем гузаштаи давомдорро *барои истинод ба ҳозира ё оянда дар фарзияҳо* (вақте ки мо чизеро тасаввур мекунем) ё дар чанд ифодаи хушмуомила истифода барем. "These seats are very uncomfortable. I wish we were traveling first class." "If Jack was playing, they would probably win." "Excuse me, I was wondering if this was the train for New York."