Praat oor die verledeEngelse woorde

by DuoCards

*Die Verlede Eenvoudige Tyd* Kom ons begin met *die verlede tyd.* Ons gebruik dit om te praat oor *voltooide aksies wat in 'n tydperk voor nou plaasgevind het.* Ons onderskei tussen gereelde en onreëlmatige werkwoorde, waarna ons later sal kyk. *Gereelde werkwoorde in die verlede eenvoudig: voeg "-ed"by die meeste werkwoorde:* "to talk"- "talked" "to finish"- "finished" "to listen"- "listened" "to relax"- "relaxed" "to knock"- "knocked" "to walk"- "walked"

I finished the school project.

Ek het die skoolprojek afgehandel.

to listen

luister

We listened to some music.

he relaxed

hy het ontspan

He relaxed during his vacation.

He listened to my advice and relaxed.

Hy het na my raad geluister en ontspan.

We talked about our favorite movies.

Ons het oor ons gunstelingflieks gesels.

to knock

klop

Who knocked at the door?

he knocked

hy het geklop

He knocked at the door.

to walk in

ingaan

She walked in.

He walked in.

Hy het ingestap.

He knocked on the door and walked in.

Hy het aan die deur geklop en ingestap.

*Verdubbel die laaste letter* As 'n *kort werkwoord* eindig met 'n *konsonant-klinker-konsonant* , verdubbel die laaste letter en voeg dan -ed by. "to stop"- "stopped" "to shop"- "shopped" Moenie die laaste letter verdubbel as die werkwoord op *'n w, x* of *y eindig nie.* "to play"- "played" "to show"- "showed"

to stop

om te stop

The bus driver stopped suddenly.

we stopped

ons het gestop

We stopped playing soccer when it started to rain.

in the middle

in die middel

She placed the vase in the middle of the table.

the desert

die woestyn

The desert is very dry and salty.

We stopped in the middle of the desert.

Ons het in die middel van die woestyn stilgehou.

to play

speel

The violinist played beautifully.

She played guitar.

Sy het kitaar gespeel.

She played guitar at the concert.

to shop

om inkopies te doen

They shopped a lot.

to show

om te wys

He showed me the way.

*Langer woorde* In langer woorde, as die laaste lettergreep van die werkwoord eindig met 'n konsonant-klinker-konsonant en daardie lettergreep beklemtoon word, verdubbel die laaste konsonant en voeg dan ed by. "to prefer"- "preferred" "to travel"- "traveled"(Amerikaanse Engels) of "travelled"(Britse Engels) Moenie egter die laaste letter verdubbel as die *eerste lettergreep beklemtoon word nie.* "to enter"- "entered"

They entered.

Hulle het binnegegaan.

They entered the house.

to prefer

verkies

I prefer alternative medicine.

to travel

om te reis

We traveled a lot as children.

alone

alleen

He was alone that evening.

I traveled alone.

Ek het alleen gereis.

I traveled to the USA alone.

preferred option

voorkeuropsie

Travelling by train would always be my preferred option.

last summer

verlede somer

We met last summer.

He traveled by boat last summer.

Hy het verlede somer per boot gereis.

*Die eindes verander* As die werkwoord op 'n e eindig, voeg net *-d by.* "to create"- "created" "to live"- "lived" As die werkwoord op 'n konsonant + y eindig, *verander die y na i en voeg -ed by.* "to try"- "tried" "to worry"- "worried" "to carry"- "carried"

to create

om te skep

He created an environment in which students can learn.

he created

hy het geskep

He created his own website.

The company created a new app for learning languages.

Die maatskappy het 'n nuwe toepassing vir die aanleer van tale geskep.

to live

om te lewe

We lived abroad for six years.

We lived together.

Ons het saam gewoon.

We lived together for many years.

to worry

om jou te bekommer

She is worried about her interview, even though she did fine.

she worried

sy was bekommerd

My mum worried about me last week because I was ill.

to carry

dra

Let me carry your bags for you.

I carried the bag.

Ek het die sak gedra.

*Uitdrukkings - verby eenvoudig* Daar is sekere uitdrukkings wat verband hou met die verlede tyd: "yesterday" "last week/month/year/..." "ago"druk temporele afstand uit en staan altyd na 'n tydelike bepaling. bv. "one month ago""two weeks ago""a long time ago""the other day"

I cooked a vegan meal last weekend.

Ek het verlede naweek 'n veganistiese maaltyd gekook.

last weekend

afgelope naweek

I went hiking with my friends last weekend.

I studied a lot last night.

Ek het gisteraand baie gestudeer.

I played

Ek het gespeel

l played tennis alone.

I played a difficult game yesterday.

Ek het gister 'n moeilike speletjie gespeel.

to borrow

om te leen

Can I borrow your car?

two years ago

twee jaar gelede

We moved in two years ago.

He borrowed money from his parents two years ago.

Hy het twee jaar gelede geld by sy ouers geleen.

to try

om te probeer

She tried to contact her father.

to call

om te bel

I called you ten times!

I tried to call him three hours ago.

Ek het drie uur gelede probeer om hom te bel.

*Werkwoorde wat eindig op -d* Sommige werkwoorde wat op -d eindig, verander die *-d* na *-t* . "to build"- "built" "to send"- "sent" "to bend"- "bent" "to spend"- "spent" Voorbeeld: "We built this house a long time ago."

to build

om te bou

Who built this house?

We built a house.

Ons het 'n huis gebou.

to send

om te stuur

I sent an email.

I sent you a message.

Ek het vir jou 'n boodskap gestuur.

to bend

buig

The tree branches bend in the wind.

to bend over

om vooroor te buk

I bent over and picked up the coin.

The tree bent in the strong wind.

Die boom het in die sterk wind gebuig.

to spend

spandeer

She spent a lot of money.

I spent all night studying.

Ek het die hele nag deurgebring met studeer.

We spent a lot of money.

Ons het baie geld spandeer.

We spent a lot of money on the holidays.

*Verlede Eenvoudig - om te wees of om te gaan* Onreëlmatige werkwoorde het *drie spesifieke vorme* wat jy moet memoriseer. Terwyl die meeste Engelse gereelde werkwoorde die uitgang *-ed* vir die verlede tyd en deelwoordvorme gebruik, *het onreëlmatige werkwoorde elk hul eie unieke tydvorme en verlede deelwoorde.* Die drie vorme is: 1. *Basisvorm* (die werkwoord wat jy in die woordeboek vind) 2. *Verlede eenvoudige vorm* (die een wat jy in hierdie kursus leer) 3. *Verlede deelwoordvorm* (ons sal later leer hoe om dit te gebruik) Dit is belangrik en baie makliker om al drie vorme gelyktydig te leer. Kom ons begin met die belangrikstes: "to be"- "was/were"- "been" "to go"- "went"- "gone"

to be

om te wees

He was sad yesterday. We were happy yesterday.

I was there.

Ek was daar.

I was at the party yesterday.

scared

bang

She was scared to walk alone in the dark.

He was scared.

Hy was bang.

He was scared when he heard the loud noise.

a feeling

’n gevoel

I have a feeling that today will be a great day.

He was scared of his feelings.

Hy was bang vir sy gevoelens.

to go

om te gaan

We went to the cinema last night.

he went

hy het gegaan

He went for a walk.

last Monday

verlede Maandag

Last Monday we had an exam.

He went to Prague last Monday.

Hy het verlede Maandag na Praag gegaan.

*Meer onreëlmatige werkwoorde* Kom ons kyk nou na 'n paar ander onreëlmatige werkwoorde en hul vorige vorme. "to have""had"-- "had" "to eat""ate"-- "eaten" "to come""came"-- "come" "to think""thought"-- "thought" "to give""gave"-- "given" "to forget"- "forgot"- "forgotten"

to have

om te hê

I had no idea.

we had

ons het gehad

We had a great time last weekend.

We had a great time.

Ons het dit baie geniet.

to eat

om te eet

I ate a while ago.

She ate an apple for breakfast.

Sy het 'n appel vir ontbyt geëet.

to come

om te kom

I came home very late last night.

to think

om te dink

I never thought I could do it.

I thought so.

Dit het ek gedink.

I thought of you today.

Ek het vandag aan jou gedink.

I thought of you today during my lunch break and smiled.

to give

om te gee

She gave him a book for his birthday.

The teacher gave us homework yesterday.

Die onderwyser het gister vir ons huiswerk gegee.

to forget

om te vergeet

She forgot about it.

I forgot my keys.

Ek het my sleutels vergeet.

to make

om te maak

I made it myself.

I made a mistake.

Ek het 'n fout gemaak.

We made it to the end!

Ons het dit tot die einde gemaak!

*Verlede tyd - vraag* 'n Vraag word in die verlede tyd gevorm deur die hulpwerkwoord "did"(verlede tyd van "do") aan die begin van die sin te voeg. Hierdie hulpwerkwoord neem alle grammatikale funksies oor, dus sal die semantiese werkwoord reeds in die teenwoordige tyd wees. "did"+ onderwerp + werkwoord (infinitief sonder "TO") + die res van die sin* "Did you like the concert?" Kom ons kyk na nog 'n paar onreëlmatige werkwoorde: "to know"- "knew"- "known" "to pay"- "paid"- "paid" "to sleep"- "slept"- "slept" "to keep"- "kept"- "kept" "to mean"- "meant"- "meant"

Did you know that?

Het jy dit geweet?

Did you know that the Eiffel Tower can be 15 cm taller in the summer?

I knew it.

Ek het dit geweet.

I knew it was true.

to pay

betaal

Did you pay the bills last month?

He paid for me.

Hy het vir my betaal.

He paid for me at the restaurant.

to sleep

om te slaap

Did you sleep well?

He slept for ten hours last night.

Hy het gisteraand tien uur lank geslaap.

Did he study?

Het hy gestudeer?

Did he study before the exam?

to keep

om te behou

Did you keep my secret?

Did she go there?

Het sy soontoe gegaan?

to mean

beteken

Did they mean it?

I meant it.

Ek het dit bedoel.

When I complimented your work, I meant it.

*Verlede tyd - ontkenning* Wanneer ons 'n ontkenning in die verlede tyd wil uitdruk, gebruik ons die frase "did not"na die onderwerp, en die semantiese werkwoord (’n werkwoord wat ’n aksie of gebeurtenis aandui) bly in sy basiese vorm. *onderwerp + "did not"+ werkwoord (infinitief) + res van die sin* "He did not do it." "We did not go there." *Let daarop dat dit "didn't"'n kort vorm van is "did not".* Kom ons kyk na nog 'n paar onreëlmatige werkwoorde: "to feel"- "felt"- "felt" "to tell"- "told"- "told" "to wear"- "wore"- "worn"

I did not work yesterday.

Ek het gister nie gewerk nie.

He didn't do it.

Hy het dit nie gedoen nie.

He didn't do his homework.

We did not go there.

Ons het nie daarheen gegaan nie.

to feel

om te voel

I feel tired after the long day.

I did not feel it.

Ek het dit nie gevoel nie.

I did not feel pain.

to tell

om te sê

I told her you were coming.

She didn't tell me.

Sy het nie vir my gesê nie.

She didn't tell me the truth.

the truth

die waarheid

You should tell the truth.

to wear

dra

I didn't wear a school uniform.

I did not sleep well.

Ek het nie goed geslaap nie.

*Dieselfde vorm* Soms is die verledetydsvorm dieselfde as die infinitiefvorm. Kom ons kyk na hierdie werkwoorde sodat jy nie verward raak nie! "to let"- "let"- "let" "to set"- "set"- "set" "to put"- "put"- "put" "to cut"- "cut"- "cut" "to cost"- "cost"- "cost" Let daarop dat hierdie werkwoorde verskillende betekenisse kan hê, afhangende van hoe hulle gebruik word. Ons gaan sommige van hulle leer.

to let

om te laat

She let her friend use her phone.

Let it be.

Los dit so.

She was upset about the argument, but I told her to let it be.

He let his dog sleep on the bed.

Hy het sy hond op die bed laat slaap.

to set

plaas

He set the ladder against the wall.

to set the table

die tafel dek

Can you help me set the table for dinner?

to set an example

om die voorbeeld te stel

The teacher always tries to set an example for her students.

She set the table for dinner.

Sy het die tafel vir aandete gedek.

to put

om te sit

He put his arms around her and held her tight.

I put the milk back in the fridge.

Ek het die melk terug in die yskas gesit.

to cut

sny

I cut myself while shaving.

I cut my hair yesterday.

Ek het gister my hare gesny.

Cut it out!

Hou daarmee op!

to cost

kos

This book costs ten dollars.

I bought a new phone, and it cost a lot of money.

Ek het 'n nuwe foon gekoop en dit het baie geld gekos.

*Kom ons sluit hierdie kursus af!* Kom ons sluit hierdie kursus af met 'n paar meer *algemeen gebruikte onreëlmatige werkwoorde* wat jou sal help om jou woordeskat uit te brei. "to choose""chose"-- "chosen" "to write""wrote"-- "written" "to take""took"-- "taken" "to see""saw"-- "seen" "to buy"- "bought"- "bought"