ስለ ያለፈው ጊዜ ማውራትየእንግሊዝኛ ቃላት

by DuoCards

*ያለፈው ቀላል ጊዜ* *ካለፈው ቀላል ጊዜ እንጀምር።* *ከአሁን በፊት ስለተፈጸሙት የተጠናቀቁ ድርጊቶች ለመናገር እንጠቀማለን.* በመደበኛ እና መደበኛ ያልሆኑ ግሦች መካከል እንለያለን, በኋላ ላይ እንመለከታለን. *መደበኛ ግሦች ባለፈው ቀላል "-ed"፡ ወደ አብዛኞቹ ግሦች* ጨምሩ "to talk"- "talked" "to finish"- "finished" "to listen"- "listened" "to relax"- "relaxed" "to knock"- "knocked" "to walk"- "walked"

I finished the school project.

የትምህርት ቤት ፕሮጀክቴን ጨርሻለሁ።

to listen

ማዳመጥ

We listened to some music.

he relaxed

አረፈ

He relaxed during his vacation.

He listened to my advice and relaxed.

ምክሬን ሰምቶ ዘና አለ።

We talked about our favorite movies.

ስለ ተወዳጅ ፊልሞቻችን ተነጋግረናል።

to knock

ማንኳኳት

Who knocked at the door?

he knocked

አንኳኳ

He knocked at the door.

to walk in

መግባት

She walked in.

He walked in.

ገባ

He knocked on the door and walked in.

በሩን አንኳኩቶ ወደ ውስጥ ገባ።

*የመጨረሻውን ፊደል በእጥፍ* *አጭር ግስ* *በተነባቢ-አናባቢ-ተነባቢ* የሚያልቅ ከሆነ የመጨረሻውን ፊደል በእጥፍ እና በመቀጠል -ed ይጨምሩ። "to stop"- "stopped" "to shop"- "shopped" ሆኖም፣ ግሱ በ *w፣ x* ወይም *y የሚያልቅ ከሆነ የመጨረሻውን ፊደል በእጥፍ አያድርጉ።* "to play"- "played" "to show"- "showed"

to stop

ማቆም

The bus driver stopped suddenly.

we stopped

አቁመናል

We stopped playing soccer when it started to rain.

in the middle

መሃል ላይ

She placed the vase in the middle of the table.

the desert

በረሃው

The desert is very dry and salty.

We stopped in the middle of the desert.

በበረሃው መሃል ቆምን።

to play

መጫወት

The violinist played beautifully.

She played guitar.

ጊታር ትጫወት ነበር

She played guitar at the concert.

to shop

መገበያየት

They shopped a lot.

to show

ማሳየት

He showed me the way.

*ረዣዥም ቃላት* በረዥም ቃላቶች፣ የግሡ የመጨረሻ ፊደላት በተነባቢ-አናባቢ-ተነባቢ የሚጨርስ ከሆነ እና ይህ ክፍለ ጊዜ ከተጨነቀ የመጨረሻውን ተነባቢ በእጥፍ እና በመቀጠል ኢድ ይጨምሩ። "to prefer"- "preferred" "to travel"- "traveled"(የአሜሪካ እንግሊዝኛ) ወይም "travelled"(ብሪቲሽ እንግሊዝኛ) ነገር ግን, *የመጀመሪያው ፊደል ከተጨነቀ የመጨረሻውን ፊደል በእጥፍ አያድርጉ.* "to enter"- "entered"

They entered.

ገቡ

They entered the house.

to prefer

መመረጥ

I prefer alternative medicine.

to travel

መጓዝ

We traveled a lot as children.

alone

ብቻውን

He was alone that evening.

I traveled alone.

ብቻዬን ተጓዝኩ።

I traveled to the USA alone.

preferred option

ተመራጭ አማራጭ

Travelling by train would always be my preferred option.

last summer

ያለፈው በጋ

We met last summer.

He traveled by boat last summer.

ባለፈው በጋ በጀልባ ተጉዟል።

*መጨረሻዎቹ ይለወጣሉ።* ግሱ በ e ውስጥ የሚያልቅ ከሆነ *-d ብቻ ይጨምሩ።* "to create"- "created" "to live"- "lived" ግሱ በተነባቢ + y የሚያልቅ ከሆነ *y ወደ i ይቀይሩ እና -ed ይጨምሩ።* "to try"- "tried" "to worry"- "worried" "to carry"- "carried"

to create

መፍጠር

He created an environment in which students can learn.

he created

ፈጠረ

He created his own website.

The company created a new app for learning languages.

ኩባንያው አዲስ የቋንቋ መማሪያ መተግበሪያ ፈጠረ።

to live

መኖር

We lived abroad for six years.

We lived together.

አብረን እንኖር ነበር።

We lived together for many years.

to worry

መጨነቅ

She is worried about her interview, even though she did fine.

she worried

ተጨንቃ ነበር

My mum worried about me last week because I was ill.

to carry

መሸከም

Let me carry your bags for you.

I carried the bag.

ቦርሳውን ተሸክሜ ነበር።

*መግለጫዎች - ያለፈ ቀላል* ካለፈው ቀላል ጊዜ ጋር የተያያዙ አንዳንድ አባባሎች አሉ። "yesterday" "last week/month/year/..." "ago"ጊዜያዊ ርቀትን ይገልፃል እና ሁልጊዜ ከተወሰነ ጊዜ በኋላ ይቆማል. ለምሳሌ. "one month ago""two weeks ago""a long time ago""the other day"

I cooked a vegan meal last weekend.

ባለፈው ሳምንት መጨረሻ ላይ የቪጋን ምግብ አብስዬ ነበር።

last weekend

ባለፈው ሳምንት መጨረሻ

I went hiking with my friends last weekend.

I studied a lot last night.

ትላንት ማታ ብዙ አጥንቻለሁ።

I played

ተጫውቻለሁ

l played tennis alone.

I played a difficult game yesterday.

ትናንት ከባድ ጨዋታ ተጫውቼ ነበር።

to borrow

መዋስ

Can I borrow your car?

two years ago

ከሁለት ዓመት በፊት

We moved in two years ago.

He borrowed money from his parents two years ago.

ከሁለት ዓመት በፊት ከወላጆቹ ገንዘብ ተበድሮ ነበር።

to try

መሞከር

She tried to contact her father.

to call

መደወል

I called you ten times!

I tried to call him three hours ago.

ከሶስት ሰዓት በፊት ልደውልለት ሞክሬ ነበር።

*በ -d የሚያልቁ ግሦች* በ -d የሚያበቁ አንዳንድ ግሦች፣ *-d* ወደ *-t* ይለውጣሉ። "to build"- "built" "to send"- "sent" "to bend"- "bent" "to spend"- "spent" ምሳሌ "We built this house a long time ago."፡

to build

መገንባት

Who built this house?

We built a house.

ቤት ሠርተናል።

to send

መላክ

I sent an email.

I sent you a message.

መልእክት ልኬልዎ ነበር።

to bend

ማጠፍ

The tree branches bend in the wind.

to bend over

መታጠፍ

I bent over and picked up the coin.

The tree bent in the strong wind.

ዛፉ በኃይለኛው ነፋስ ተንገደገደ።

to spend

ማውጣት

She spent a lot of money.

I spent all night studying.

ሌሊቱን ሙሉ ሳጠና ነበር ያደርኩት።

We spent a lot of money.

ብዙ ገንዘብ አውጥተናል።

We spent a lot of money on the holidays.

*ያለፈ ቀላል - መሆን ወይም መሄድ* መደበኛ ያልሆኑ ግሦች ለማስታወስ የሚያስፈልጓቸው *ሦስት ልዩ ቅጾች* አሏቸው። አብዛኛዎቹ የእንግሊዘኛ መደበኛ ግሶች ማለቂያ *-ed* ን ላለፉት ጊዜያት እና ተካፋይ ቅርጾች ሲጠቀሙ፣ መደበኛ ያልሆኑ ግሦች *እያንዳንዳቸው የራሳቸው ልዩ የውጥረት ቅጾች እና ያለፉ ክፍሎች አሏቸው።* ሦስቱ ቅጾች የሚከተሉት ናቸው: 1. *የመሠረት ቅጽ* (በመዝገበ-ቃላቱ ውስጥ የሚያገኙት ግሥ) 2. *ያለፈ ቀላል ቅፅ* (በዚህ ኮርስ ውስጥ እየተማሩት ያለው) 3. *ያለፈው የተሳትፎ ቅጽ* (ይህንን እንዴት መጠቀም እንዳለብን በኋላ እንማራለን) ሶስቱን ቅጾች በተመሳሳይ ጊዜ መማር አስፈላጊ እና በጣም ቀላል ነው። በጣም አስፈላጊ በሆኑት እንጀምር፡- "to be""was/were"-- "been" "to go""went"-- "gone"

to be

መሆን

He was sad yesterday. We were happy yesterday.

I was there.

እዚያ ነበርኩ።

I was at the party yesterday.

scared

የፈራ

She was scared to walk alone in the dark.

He was scared.

ፈራ

He was scared when he heard the loud noise.

a feeling

ስሜት

I have a feeling that today will be a great day.

He was scared of his feelings.

ከስሜቱ ይፈራ ነበር።

to go

መሄድ

We went to the cinema last night.

he went

ሄደ

He went for a walk.

last Monday

ባለፈው ሰኞ

Last Monday we had an exam.

He went to Prague last Monday.

ባለፈው ሰኞ ወደ ፕራግ ሄደ።

*ተጨማሪ መደበኛ ያልሆኑ ግሦች* አሁን አንዳንድ ሌሎች መደበኛ ያልሆኑ ግሦች እና ያለፉ ቅርጾችን እንመልከት። "to have""had"-- "had" "to eat""ate"-- "eaten" "to come""came"-- "come" "to think""thought"-- "thought" "to give""gave"-- "given" "to forget""forgot"-- "forgotten"

to have

መያዝ

I had no idea.

we had

ነበረን

We had a great time last weekend.

We had a great time.

በጣም ጥሩ ጊዜ አሳልፈናል።

to eat

መብላት

I ate a while ago.

She ate an apple for breakfast.

ለቁርስ ፖም በላች።

to come

መምጣት

I came home very late last night.

to think

ማሰብ

I never thought I could do it.

I thought so.

እንደዚያ እንደሚሆን አውቄ ነበር።

I thought of you today.

ዛሬ አስቤህ ነበር።

I thought of you today during my lunch break and smiled.

to give

መስጠት

She gave him a book for his birthday.

The teacher gave us homework yesterday.

መምህሩ ትናንት የቤት ስራ ሰጥቶን ነበር።

to forget

መዘንጋት

She forgot about it.

I forgot my keys.

ቁልፎቼን ረሳኋቸው።

to make

ማድረግ

I made it myself.

I made a mistake.

ስህተት ሰርቻለሁ።

We made it to the end!

በመጨረሻ ደረስን!

*ያለፈው ጊዜ - ጥያቄ* አንድ ጥያቄ በአረፍተ "did""do"ነገሩ መጀመሪያ ላይ ረዳት ግስ (ያለፈውን ጊዜ) በመጨመር ባለፈው ጊዜ ውስጥ ይመሰረታል። ይህ ረዳት ግስ ሁሉንም ሰዋሰዋዊ ተግባራትን ይወስዳል፣ስለዚህ የትርጉም ግስ አሁን ባለው ጊዜ ውስጥ ይሆናል። "did"+ ርዕሰ ጉዳይ + ግሥ (ያለ ፍጻሜ የሌለው "TO") + የተቀረው ዓረፍተ ነገር* "Did you like the concert?" አንዳንድ ተጨማሪ መደበኛ ያልሆኑ ግሦችን እንመልከት፡- "to know""knew"-- "known" "to pay""paid"-- "paid" "to sleep""slept"-- "slept" "to keep""kept"-- "kept" "to mean""meant"-- "meant"

Did you know that?

ይህን ታውቅ ነበር?

Did you know that the Eiffel Tower can be 15 cm taller in the summer?

I knew it.

ያውቁት ነበር።

I knew it was true.

to pay

መክፈል

Did you pay the bills last month?

He paid for me.

እሱ ከፍሎልኛል

He paid for me at the restaurant.

to sleep

መተኛት

Did you sleep well?

He slept for ten hours last night.

ትላንትና ማታ አስር ሰዓት ተኝቷል።

Did he study?

ተምሮ ነበር?

Did he study before the exam?

to keep

መያዝ

Did you keep my secret?

Did she go there?

እሷ ወደዚያ ሄደች?

to mean

ማለት

Did they mean it?

I meant it.

በቁም ነገር ነበር የተናገርኩት።

When I complimented your work, I meant it.

*ያለፈ ጊዜ - አሉታዊነት* ባለፈው ጊዜ ተቃውሞን ለመግለጽ ስንፈልግ ከርዕሰ "did not"ጉዳዩ በኋላ ያለውን ሐረግ እንጠቀማለን, እና የትርጉም ግስ (አንድ ድርጊት ወይም ክስተት የሚያሳይ ግስ) በመሠረታዊ መልኩ ይቆያል. *ርዕሰ ጉዳይ "did not"++ ግሥ (የማይጨበጥ) + የቀረው የዓረፍተ ነገር* "He did not do it." "We did not go there." *ይህ "didn't"አጭር ቅጽ መሆኑን ልብ ይበሉ "did not".* አንዳንድ ተጨማሪ መደበኛ ያልሆኑ ግሦችን እንመልከት፡- "to feel""felt"-- "felt" "to tell""told"-- "told" "to wear""wore"-- "worn"

I did not work yesterday.

ትላንት አልሰራሁም

He didn't do it.

እሱ አላደረገውም

He didn't do his homework.

We did not go there.

እኛ እዚያ አልሄድንም።

to feel

መሰማት

I feel tired after the long day.

I did not feel it.

አልተሰማኝም

I did not feel pain.

to tell

መንገር

I told her you were coming.

She didn't tell me.

አልነገረችኝም

She didn't tell me the truth.

the truth

እውነት

You should tell the truth.

to wear

መልበስ

I didn't wear a school uniform.

I did not sleep well.

በደንብ አልተኛሁም

*ተመሳሳይ ቅጽ* አንዳንድ ጊዜ ያለፈው ጊዜ ያለፈው ቅጽ ከማያልቅ ቅርጽ ጋር ተመሳሳይ ነው. እንዳትደናገሩ እነዚህን ግሦች እንይ! "to let""let"-- "let" "to set""set"-- "set" "to put""put"-- "put" "to cut""cut"-- "cut" "to cost""cost"-- "cost" እነዚህ ግሦች እንደ አጠቃቀማቸው የተለያየ ትርጉም ሊኖራቸው እንደሚችል ልብ ይበሉ። አንዳንዶቹን ልንማር ነው።

to let

መፍቀድ

She let her friend use her phone.

Let it be.

ተውት።

She was upset about the argument, but I told her to let it be.

He let his dog sleep on the bed.

ውሻውን አልጋው ላይ እንዲተኛ ፈቀደለት።

to set

ማስቀመጥ

He set the ladder against the wall.

to set the table

ጠረጴዛ ማዘጋጀት

Can you help me set the table for dinner?

to set an example

አርአያ መሆን

The teacher always tries to set an example for her students.

She set the table for dinner.

ለእራት ማዕድ አቀረበች።

to put

ማስቀመጥ

He put his arms around her and held her tight.

I put the milk back in the fridge.

ወተቱን ወደ ማቀዝቀዣው መልሼ አስገብቼዋለሁ።

to cut

መቁረጥ

I cut myself while shaving.

I cut my hair yesterday.

ትላንትና ፀጉሬን ተቆረጥኩ።

Cut it out!

በቃህ!

to cost

ዋጋው ... መሆን

This book costs ten dollars.

I bought a new phone, and it cost a lot of money.

አዲስ ስልክ ገዝቼ ነበር፣ በጣም ብዙ ብርም ነው የፈጀው።

*ይህንን ኮርስ እንጨርሰው!* ይህን ኮርስ የእርስዎን የቃላት ዝርዝር ለማስፋት በሚረዱ አንዳንድ *በብዛት ጥቅም ላይ በሚውሉ መደበኛ ያልሆኑ ግሦች* እናጠቃልለው። "to choose""chose"-- "chosen" "to write""wrote"-- "written" "to take""took"-- "taken" "to see""saw"-- "seen" "to buy""bought"-- "bought"