Parlant del passatParaules en anglès

by DuoCards

*El passat simple* Comencem amb *el passat simple.* L'utilitzem per parlar d' *accions completades que han passat en un període de temps anterior a ara.* Distingim entre verbs regulars i irregulars, que veurem més endavant. *Verbs regulars en passat simple: s'afegeixen "-ed"a la majoria de verbs:* "to talk"- "talked" "to finish"- "finished" "to listen"- "listened" "to relax"- "relaxed" "to knock"- "knocked" "to walk"- "walked"

I finished the school project.

He acabat el projecte de l'escola.

to listen

escoltar

We listened to some music.

he relaxed

ell es va relaxar

He relaxed during his vacation.

He listened to my advice and relaxed.

Va escoltar el meu consell i es va relaxar.

We talked about our favorite movies.

Vam parlar de les nostres pel·lícules preferides.

to knock

picar a la porta

Who knocked at the door?

he knocked

va picar

He knocked at the door.

to walk in

entrar

She walked in.

He walked in.

Va entrar.

He knocked on the door and walked in.

Va picar a la porta i va entrar.

*Doble l'última lletra* Si un *verb curt* acaba en *consonant-vocal-consonant* , es duplica l'última lletra i després s'afegeix -ed. "to stop"- "stopped" "to shop"- "shopped" Tanmateix, no dupliqueu l'última lletra si el verb acaba en *w, x* o *y.* "to play"- "played" "to show"- "showed"

to stop

aturar

The bus driver stopped suddenly.

we stopped

vam parar

We stopped playing soccer when it started to rain.

in the middle

al mig

She placed the vase in the middle of the table.

the desert

el desert

The desert is very dry and salty.

We stopped in the middle of the desert.

Ens vam aturar al mig del desert.

to play

jugar

The violinist played beautifully.

She played guitar.

Ella tocava la guitarra.

She played guitar at the concert.

to shop

anar a comprar

They shopped a lot.

to show

ensenyar

He showed me the way.

*Paraules més llargues* En paraules més llargues, si l'última síl·laba del verb acaba en una consonant-vocal-consonant i aquesta síl·laba és tònica, es duplica l'última consonant i després s'afegeix ed. "to prefer"- "preferred" "to travel"- "traveled"(anglès americà) o "travelled"(anglès britànic) Tanmateix, no dupliqueu l'última lletra si la *primera síl·laba és tònica.* "to enter"- "entered"

They entered.

Van entrar.

They entered the house.

to prefer

preferir

I prefer alternative medicine.

to travel

viatjar

We traveled a lot as children.

alone

sol

He was alone that evening.

I traveled alone.

Vaig viatjar sol.

I traveled to the USA alone.

preferred option

opció preferida

Travelling by train would always be my preferred option.

last summer

l'estiu passat

We met last summer.

He traveled by boat last summer.

L'estiu passat va viatjar en vaixell.

*Els finals canvien* Si el verb acaba en e, només cal afegir *-hi -d.* "to create"- "created" "to live"- "lived" Si el verb acaba en consonant + y, *canvieu la y per i i afegiu-hi -ed.* "to try"- "tried" "to worry"- "worried" "to carry"- "carried"

to create

crear

He created an environment in which students can learn.

he created

ell va crear

He created his own website.

The company created a new app for learning languages.

L'empresa ha creat una nova aplicació per aprendre idiomes.

to live

viure

We lived abroad for six years.

We lived together.

Viuíem junts.

We lived together for many years.

to worry

preocupar-se

She is worried about her interview, even though she did fine.

she worried

ella es va preocupar

My mum worried about me last week because I was ill.

to carry

portar

Let me carry your bags for you.

I carried the bag.

Portava la bossa.

*Expressions - passat simple* Hi ha certes expressions associades al passat simple: "yesterday" "last week/month/year/..." "ago"expressa la distància temporal i sempre es troba després d'una determinació temporal. per exemple. "one month ago""two weeks ago""a long time ago""the other day"

I cooked a vegan meal last weekend.

El cap de setmana passat vaig cuinar un plat vegà.

last weekend

el cap de setmana passat

I went hiking with my friends last weekend.

I studied a lot last night.

Ahir a la nit vaig estudiar molt.

I played

Vaig jugar

l played tennis alone.

I played a difficult game yesterday.

Ahir vaig jugar a un joc difícil.

to borrow

prendre en préstec

Can I borrow your car?

two years ago

fa dos anys

We moved in two years ago.

He borrowed money from his parents two years ago.

Va demanar diners prestats als seus pares fa dos anys.

to try

provar

She tried to contact her father.

to call

trucar

I called you ten times!

I tried to call him three hours ago.

Vaig intentar trucar-lo fa tres hores.

*Verbs acabats en -d* Alguns verbs que acaben en -d canvien *-d* per *-t* . "to build"- "built" "to send"- "sent" "to bend"- "bent" "to spend"- "spent" Exemple: "We built this house a long time ago."

to build

construir

Who built this house?

We built a house.

Hem construït una casa.

to send

enviar

I sent an email.

I sent you a message.

T'he enviat un missatge.

to bend

doblegar

The tree branches bend in the wind.

to bend over

ajupir-se

I bent over and picked up the coin.

The tree bent in the strong wind.

L'arbre es va doblegar amb el vent fort.

to spend

gastar

She spent a lot of money.

I spent all night studying.

He passat tota la nit estudiant.

We spent a lot of money.

Hem gastat molts diners.

We spent a lot of money on the holidays.

*Passat simple - ser o anar* Els verbs irregulars tenen *tres formes específiques* que cal memoritzar. Mentre que la majoria dels verbs regulars en anglès utilitzen la terminació *-ed* per al passat i els participis, els verbs irregulars *tenen les seves pròpies formes temporals i participis passats.* Les tres formes són: 1. *Forma base* (el verb que trobes al diccionari) 2. *Forma del passat simple* (la que estàs aprenent en aquest curs) 3. *Forma del participi passat* (aprendrem a utilitzar-la més endavant) És important i molt més fàcil aprendre les tres formes alhora. Comencem amb les més importants: "to be"- "was/were"- "been" "to go"- "went"- "gone"

to be

ser

He was sad yesterday. We were happy yesterday.

I was there.

Hi vaig ser.

I was at the party yesterday.

scared

espantat

She was scared to walk alone in the dark.

He was scared.

Estava espantat.

He was scared when he heard the loud noise.

a feeling

un sentiment

I have a feeling that today will be a great day.

He was scared of his feelings.

Tenia por dels seus sentiments.

to go

anar

We went to the cinema last night.

he went

ell va anar

He went for a walk.

last Monday

dilluns passat

Last Monday we had an exam.

He went to Prague last Monday.

Va anar a Praga el dilluns passat.

*Verbs més irregulars* Ara fem una ullada a alguns altres verbs irregulars i les seves formes passades. "to have""had"-- "had" "to eat""ate"-- "eaten" "to come""came"-- "come" "to think""thought"-- "thought" "to give""gave"-- "given" "to forget""forgot"-- "forgotten"

to have

tenir

I had no idea.

we had

havíem tingut

We had a great time last weekend.

We had a great time.

Ens ho hem passat molt bé.

to eat

menjar

I ate a while ago.

She ate an apple for breakfast.

Va menjar una poma per esmorzar.

to come

venir

I came home very late last night.

to think

pensar

I never thought I could do it.

I thought so.

Ja m'ho imaginava.

I thought of you today.

Avui he pensat en tu.

I thought of you today during my lunch break and smiled.

to give

donar

She gave him a book for his birthday.

The teacher gave us homework yesterday.

El mestre ens va posar deures ahir.

to forget

oblidar

She forgot about it.

I forgot my keys.

M'he deixat les claus.

to make

fer

I made it myself.

I made a mistake.

He comès un error.

We made it to the end!

Ho hem aconseguit!

*Passat - pregunta* Una pregunta es forma en passat afegint el verb auxiliar "did"(passat de "do") al principi de l'oració. Aquest verb auxiliar assumeix totes les funcions gramaticals, de manera que el verb semàntic ja estarà en present. "did"+ subjecte + verb (infinitiu sense "TO") + la resta de l'oració* "Did you like the concert?" Fem una ullada a alguns verbs irregulars més: "to know"- "knew"- "known" "to pay"- "paid"- "paid" "to sleep"- "slept"- "slept" "to keep"- "kept"- "kept" "to mean"- "meant"- "meant"

Did you know that?

Ho sabies?

Did you know that the Eiffel Tower can be 15 cm taller in the summer?

I knew it.

Ho sabia.

I knew it was true.

to pay

pagar

Did you pay the bills last month?

He paid for me.

Ell ha pagat per mi.

He paid for me at the restaurant.

to sleep

dormir

Did you sleep well?

He slept for ten hours last night.

Ahir a la nit va dormir deu hores.

Did he study?

Va estudiar?

Did he study before the exam?

to keep

mantenir

Did you keep my secret?

Did she go there?

Hi va anar ella?

to mean

significar

Did they mean it?

I meant it.

Anava de debò.

When I complimented your work, I meant it.

*Passat - negació* Quan volem expressar una negació en passat, fem servir la frase "did not"després del subjecte, i el verb semàntic (un verb que mostra una acció o un esdeveniment) es manté en la seva forma bàsica. *subjecte + "did not"+ verb (infinitiu) + resta de l'oració* "He did not do it." "We did not go there." *Tingueu en compte que "didn't"és una forma abreujada de "did not".* Fem una ullada a alguns verbs irregulars més: "to feel"- "felt"- "felt" "to tell"- "told"- "told" "to wear"- "wore"- "worn"

I did not work yesterday.

Ahir no vaig treballar.

He didn't do it.

Ell no ho ha fet.

He didn't do his homework.

We did not go there.

No hi vam anar.

to feel

sentir

I feel tired after the long day.

I did not feel it.

No ho he sentit.

I did not feel pain.

to tell

dir

I told her you were coming.

She didn't tell me.

Ella no m'ho va dir.

She didn't tell me the truth.

the truth

la veritat

You should tell the truth.

to wear

portar

I didn't wear a school uniform.

I did not sleep well.

No he dormit bé.

*La mateixa forma* De vegades, la forma del passat és la mateixa que la forma de l'infinitiu. Fem una ullada a aquests verbs perquè no us confongueu! "to let"- "let"- "let" "to set"- "set"- "set" "to put"- "put"- "put" "to cut"- "cut"- "cut" "to cost"- "cost"- "cost" Fixeu-vos que aquests verbs poden tenir significats diferents segons com s'utilitzen. N'aprendrem alguns.

to let

deixar

She let her friend use her phone.

Let it be.

Deixa-ho estar.

She was upset about the argument, but I told her to let it be.

He let his dog sleep on the bed.

Va deixar que el seu gos dormís al llit.

to set

col·locar

He set the ladder against the wall.

to set the table

posar la taula

Can you help me set the table for dinner?

to set an example

donar exemple

The teacher always tries to set an example for her students.

She set the table for dinner.

Va parar la taula per sopar.

to put

posar

He put his arms around her and held her tight.

I put the milk back in the fridge.

He tornat la llet a la nevera.

to cut

tallar

I cut myself while shaving.

I cut my hair yesterday.

Ahir em vaig tallar els cabells.

Cut it out!

Ja n'hi ha prou!

to cost

costar

This book costs ten dollars.

I bought a new phone, and it cost a lot of money.

M'he comprat un telèfon nou i m'ha costat molts diners.

*Tanquem aquest curs!* Acabem aquest curs amb alguns *verbs irregulars més comuns* que us ajudaran a ampliar el vostre vocabulari. "to choose""chose"-- "chosen" "to write""wrote"-- "written" "to take""took"-- "taken" "to see""saw"-- "seen" "to buy""bought"-- "bought"