At tale om fortidenengelske ord

by DuoCards

*Datid* Lad os starte med *datid.* Vi bruger den til at tale om *afsluttede handlinger, der fandt sted i en periode før nu.* Vi skelner mellem regelmæssige og uregelmæssige verber, som vi vil se på senere. *Regelmæssige verber i datid: tilføj "-ed" til de fleste verber:* "to talk" "talked" "to finish" "finished" "to listen" "listened" "to relax" "relaxed" "to knock" "knocked" "to walk" "walked"

I finished the school project.

Jeg har færdiggjort skoleprojektet.

to listen

lytte

We listened to some music.

he relaxed

han slappede af

He relaxed during his vacation.

He listened to my advice and relaxed.

Han lyttede til mit råd og slappede af.

We talked about our favorite movies.

Vi talte om vores yndlingsfilm.

to knock

banke

Who knocked at the door?

he knocked

han bankede

He knocked at the door.

to walk in

at gå ind

She walked in.

He walked in.

Han gik ind.

He knocked on the door and walked in.

Han bankede på døren og gik indenfor.

*Dobbelt det sidste bogstav* Hvis et *kort verbum* slutter med en *konsonant-vokal-konsonant*, skal du fordoble det sidste bogstav og derefter tilføje -ed."to stop" - "stopped" "to shop" - "shopped" Du skal dog ikke fordoble det sidste bogstav, hvis verbet slutter på *w, x* eller *y.*"to play" - "played" "to show" - "showed"

to stop

stoppe

The bus driver stopped suddenly.

we stopped

vi stoppede

We stopped playing soccer when it started to rain.

in the middle

i midten

She placed the vase in the middle of the table.

the desert

ørken

The desert is very dry and salty.

We stopped in the middle of the desert.

Vi stoppede midt ude i ørkenen.

to play

spille

The violinist played beautifully.

She played guitar.

Hun spillede guitar.

She played guitar at the concert.

to shop

købe ind

They shopped a lot.

to show

vise

He showed me the way.

*Længere ord* I længere ord, hvis den sidste stavelse i verbet ender med en konsonant-vokal-konsonant, og den stavelse er trykket, skal den sidste konsonant fordobles, og derefter tilføjes ed. "to prefer" "preferred" "to travel" "traveled" (amerikansk engelsk) eller "travelled" (britisk engelsk) Dog skal den sidste bogstav ikke fordobles, hvis den *første stavelse er trykket.*"to enter" "entered"

They entered.

De trådte ind.

They entered the house.

to prefer

foretrække

I prefer alternative medicine.

to travel

rejse

We traveled a lot as children.

alone

alene

He was alone that evening.

I traveled alone.

Jeg rejste alene.

I traveled to the USA alone.

preferred option

foretrukne mulighed

Travelling by train would always be my preferred option.

last summer

sidste sommer

We met last summer.

He traveled by boat last summer.

Han rejste med båd sidste sommer.

*Endelserne ændres* Hvis verbet ender på e, tilføjes blot *-d.*"to create" "created" "to live" "lived" Hvis verbet ender på en konsonant + y, *ændres y til i og tilføjes -ed.*"to try" "tried" "to worry" "worried" "to carry" "carried"

to create

skabe

He created an environment in which students can learn.

he created

han skabte

He created his own website.

The company created a new app for learning languages.

Virksomheden har skabt en ny app til sprogindlæring.

to live

leve

We lived abroad for six years.

We lived together.

Vi boede sammen.

We lived together for many years.

to worry

bekymre sig

She is worried about her interview, even though she did fine.

she worried

hun var bekymret

My mum worried about me last week because I was ill.

to carry

bære

Let me carry your bags for you.

I carried the bag.

Jeg bar tasken.

*Udtryk - fortidsviden* Der er visse udtryk, der er forbundet med fortidsformen past simple: "yesterday" "last week/month/year/..." "ago" udtrykker tidsmæssig afstand og står altid efter en tidsmæssig bestemmelse. f.eks. "one month ago" "two weeks ago" "a long time ago" "the other day"

I cooked a vegan meal last weekend.

Jeg lavede vegansk mad i weekenden.

last weekend

i weekenden

I went hiking with my friends last weekend.

I studied a lot last night.

Jeg læste meget i nat.

I played

Jeg spillede

l played tennis alone.

I played a difficult game yesterday.

Jeg spillede et svært spil i går.

to borrow

låne

Can I borrow your car?

two years ago

for to år siden

We moved in two years ago.

He borrowed money from his parents two years ago.

Han lånte penge af sine forældre for to år siden.

to try

prøve

She tried to contact her father.

to call

ringe

I called you ten times!

I tried to call him three hours ago.

Jeg prøvede at ringe til ham for tre timer siden.

*Verber, der ender på -d* Nogle verber, der ender på -d, ændrer *-d* til *-t*. "to build" - "built" "to send" - "sent" "to bend" - "bent" "to spend" - "spent" Eksempel: "We built this house a long time ago."

to build

bygge

Who built this house?

We built a house.

Vi byggede et hus.

to send

sende

I sent an email.

I sent you a message.

Jeg har sendt dig en besked.

to bend

bøje

The tree branches bend in the wind.

to bend over

at bukke sig

I bent over and picked up the coin.

The tree bent in the strong wind.

Træet bøjede sig i den stærke vind.

to spend

bruge

She spent a lot of money.

I spent all night studying.

Jeg har studeret hele natten.

We spent a lot of money.

Vi har brugt mange penge.

We spent a lot of money on the holidays.

Uregelmæssige verber har *tre specifikke former*, som du skal huske. Mens de fleste engelske regelmæssige verber bruger endelsen *-ed* til datid og participium, har uregelmæssige verber *hver deres unikke tidsformer og participier.* De tre former er: 1. *Grundform* (det verbum, du finder i ordbogen) 2. *Datidsform* (den, du lærer i dette kursus) 3. *Perfektum participium* (vi vil lære at bruge dette senere) Det er vigtigt og meget lettere at lære alle tre former på samme tid. Lad os starte med de vigtigste: "to be" - "was/were" - "been" "to go" - "went" - "gone"

to be

være

He was sad yesterday. We were happy yesterday.

I was there.

Jeg var der.

I was at the party yesterday.

scared

bange

She was scared to walk alone in the dark.

He was scared.

Han var bange.

He was scared when he heard the loud noise.

a feeling

følelse

I have a feeling that today will be a great day.

He was scared of his feelings.

Han var bange for sine følelser.

to go

gå

We went to the cinema last night.

he went

han gik

He went for a walk.

last Monday

sidste mandag

Last Monday we had an exam.

He went to Prague last Monday.

Han tog til Prag sidste mandag.

*Flere uregelmæssige verber* Lad os nu tage et kig på nogle andre uregelmæssige verber og deres datidsformer. "to have" - "had" - "had" "to eat" - "ate" - "eaten" "to come" - "came" - "come" "to think" - "thought" - "thought" "to give" - "gave" - "given" "to forget" - "forgot" - "forgotten"

to have

have

I had no idea.

we had

vi havde

We had a great time last weekend.

We had a great time.

Vi havde en fantastisk tid.

to eat

spise

I ate a while ago.

She ate an apple for breakfast.

Hun spiste et æble til morgenmad.

to come

komme

I came home very late last night.

to think

tænke

I never thought I could do it.

I thought so.

Det tænkte jeg nok.

I thought of you today.

Jeg tænkte på dig i dag.

I thought of you today during my lunch break and smiled.

to give

give

She gave him a book for his birthday.

The teacher gave us homework yesterday.

Læreren gav os lektier for i går.

to forget

glemme

She forgot about it.

I forgot my keys.

Jeg har glemt mine nøgler.

to make

gøre

I made it myself.

I made a mistake.

Jeg lavede en fejl.

We made it to the end!

Vi nåede det!

En spørgsmål dannes i datid ved at tilføje hjælpeverbet "did" (datid af "do") til begyndelsen af sætningen. Dette hjælpeverbum overtager alle grammatiske funktioner, så det semantiske verbum vil allerede være i nutid. "did" + subjekt + verbum (infinitiv uden "TO") + resten af sætningen* "Did you like the concert?" Lad os se på nogle flere uregelmæssige verber: "to know" - "knew" - "known" "to pay" - "paid" - "paid" "to sleep" - "slept" - "slept" "to keep" - "kept" - "kept" "to mean" - "meant" - "meant"

Did you know that?

Vidste du det?

Did you know that the Eiffel Tower can be 15 cm taller in the summer?

I knew it.

Det vidste jeg det.

I knew it was true.

to pay

betale

Did you pay the bills last month?

He paid for me.

Han betalte for mig.

He paid for me at the restaurant.

to sleep

sove

Did you sleep well?

He slept for ten hours last night.

Han sov i ti timer i nat.

Did he study?

Læste han?

Did he study before the exam?

to keep

bevare

Did you keep my secret?

Did she go there?

Gik hun derhen?

to mean

betyde

Did they mean it?

I meant it.

Jeg mente det.

When I complimented your work, I meant it.

*Datid - nægtelse* Når vi vil udtrykke en nægtelse i datid, bruger vi sætningen "did not" efter subjektet, og det semantiske verbum (et verbum der viser en handling eller begivenhed) forbliver i sin grundform. *subjekt + "did not" + verbum (infinitiv) + resten af sætningen* "He did not do it." "We did not go there." *Bemærk at "didn't" er en kort form af "did not".* Lad os se på nogle flere uregelmæssige verber: "to feel" - "felt" - "felt" "to tell" - "told" - "told" "to wear" - "wore" - "worn"

I did not work yesterday.

Jeg arbejdede ikke i går.

He didn't do it.

Han gjorde det ikke.

He didn't do his homework.

We did not go there.

Vi tog ikke derned.

to feel

føle

I feel tired after the long day.

I did not feel it.

Jeg mærkede det ikke.

I did not feel pain.

to tell

fortælle

I told her you were coming.

She didn't tell me.

Hun fortalte mig det ikke.

She didn't tell me the truth.

the truth

sandheden

You should tell the truth.

to wear

bære

I didn't wear a school uniform.

I did not sleep well.

Jeg sov ikke godt.

*Samme form* Nogle gange er datidens form den samme som infinitivformen. Lad os se på disse verber, så du ikke bliver forvirret! "to let" "let" "let" "to set" "set" "set" "to put" "put" "put" "to cut" "cut" "cut" "to cost" "cost" "cost" Bemærk, at disse verber kan have forskellige betydninger afhængigt af, hvordan de bruges. Vi skal lære nogle af dem.

to let

lade

She let her friend use her phone.

Let it be.

Lad det ligge.

She was upset about the argument, but I told her to let it be.

He let his dog sleep on the bed.

Han lod sin hund sove i sengen.

to set

placere

He set the ladder against the wall.

to set the table

dække bordet

Can you help me set the table for dinner?

to set an example

at gå foran som et godt eksempel

The teacher always tries to set an example for her students.

She set the table for dinner.

Hun dækkede bordet til middag.

to put

sætte

He put his arms around her and held her tight.

I put the milk back in the fridge.

Jeg satte mælken tilbage i køleskabet.

to cut

skære

I cut myself while shaving.

I cut my hair yesterday.

Jeg klippede mit hår i går.

Cut it out!

Hold så op!

to cost

koste

This book costs ten dollars.

I bought a new phone, and it cost a lot of money.

Jeg har købt en ny telefon, og den kostede mange penge.

*Lad os afslutte dette kursus!* Lad os afslutte dette kursus med nogle mere *almindeligt brugte uregelmæssige verber*, som vil hjælpe dig med at udvide dit ordforråd. "to choose" - "chose" - "chosen" "to write" - "wrote" - "written" "to take" - "took" - "taken" "to see" - "saw" - "seen" "to buy" - "bought" - "bought"