Hablando sobre el pasadolas palabras inglesas

by DuoCards

*El pasado simple* Empecemos con el *pasado simple.* Lo utilizamos para hablar de *acciones realizadas en un periodo de tiempo anterior al presente.* Distinguimos entre verbos regulares e irregulares, que veremos más adelante. *Verbos regulares en pasado simple: añade "-ed" a la mayoría de los verbos:* "to talk" - "talked" "to finish" - "finished" "to listen" - "listened" "to relax" - "relaxed" "to knock" - "knocked" "to walk" - "walked"

I finished the school project.

Terminé el proyecto escolar.

to listen

escuchar

We listened to some music.

he relaxed

se relajó

He relaxed during his vacation.

He listened to my advice and relaxed.

Siguió mi consejo y se relajó.

We talked about our favorite movies.

Hablamos de nuestras películas favoritas.

to knock

llamar a, tocar, golpear

Who knocked at the door?

he knocked

llamó a la puerta

He knocked at the door.

to walk in

entrar

She walked in.

He walked in.

Él entró.

He knocked on the door and walked in.

Llamó a la puerta y entró.

*Doble la última letra* Si un *verbo corto* termina en *consonante-vocal-consonante*, duplica la última letra y añade -ed. "to stop" - "stopped" "to shop" - "shopped" Sin embargo, no duplique la última letra si el verbo termina en *w, x* o *y.* "to play" - "played" "to show" - "showed"

to stop

detener

The bus driver stopped suddenly.

we stopped

dejamos de

We stopped playing soccer when it started to rain.

in the middle

en el medio

She placed the vase in the middle of the table.

the desert

desierto

The desert is very dry and salty.

We stopped in the middle of the desert.

Nos detuvimos en medio del desierto.

to play

tocar (el violín), jugar (al tenis)

The violinist played beautifully.

She played guitar.

Ella tocaba la guitarra.

She played guitar at the concert.

to shop

comprar

They shopped a lot.

to show

mostrar

He showed me the way.

*Palabras más largas* En palabras más largas, si la última sílaba del verbo termina con una consonante-vocal-consonante y esa sílaba está acentuada, duplique la última consonante y añada ed. "to prefer" - "preferred" "to travel" - "traveled" (inglés americano) o "travelled" (inglés británico) Sin embargo, no duplique la última letra si la *primera sílaba está acentuada.* "to enter" - "entered"

They entered.

Entraron.

They entered the house.

to prefer

preferir

I prefer alternative medicine.

to travel

viajar

We traveled a lot as children.

alone

solo

He was alone that evening.

I traveled alone.

Viajé solo.

I traveled to the USA alone.

preferred option

opción preferida

Travelling by train would always be my preferred option.

last summer

el verano pasado

We met last summer.

He traveled by boat last summer.

Él viajó en barco el verano pasado.

*Los finales cambian* Si el verbo termina en e, basta con añadir *-d.* "to create" - "created" "to live" - "lived" Si el verbo termina en consonante + y, *cambia la y por i y añade -ed.* "to try" - "tried" "to worry" - "worried" "to carry" - "carried"

to create

crear

He created an environment in which students can learn.

he created

él creó

He created his own website.

The company created a new app for learning languages.

La empresa creó una nueva aplicación para aprender idiomas.

to live

vivir

We lived abroad for six years.

We lived together.

Vivíamos juntos.

We lived together for many years.

to worry

preocuparse

She is worried about her interview, even though she did fine.

she worried

ella se preocupó

My mum worried about me last week because I was ill.

to carry

llevar

Let me carry your bags for you.

I carried the bag.

Yo llevaba la bolsa.

*Expresiones - pasado simple* Hay ciertas expresiones asociadas al tiempo pasado simple: "yesterday" "last week/month/year/..." "ago" expresa distancia temporal y siempre va después de una determinación temporal. Por ejemplo "one month ago" "two weeks ago" "a long time ago" "the other day"

I cooked a vegan meal last weekend.

El fin de semana pasado cociné una comida vegana.

last weekend

fin de semana pasado

I went hiking with my friends last weekend.

I studied a lot last night.

Estudié mucho anoche.

I played

Jugué

l played tennis alone.

I played a difficult game yesterday.

Ayer jugué una partida difícil.

to borrow

pedir prestado

Can I borrow your car?

two years ago

hace dos años

We moved in two years ago.

He borrowed money from his parents two years ago.

Pidió dinero prestado a sus padres hace dos años.

to try

intentar

She tried to contact her father.

to call

llamar

I called you ten times!

I tried to call him three hours ago.

Intenté llamarlo hace tres horas.

*Verbos acabados en -d* Algunos verbos que terminan en -d, cambian la *-d* por *-t*. "to build" - "built" "to send" - "sent" "to bend" - "bent" "to spend" - "spent" Ejemplo: "We built this house a long time ago."

to build

construir

Who built this house?

We built a house.

Construimos una casa.

to send

enviar

I sent an email.

I sent you a message.

Te envié un mensaje.

to bend

doblar

The tree branches bend in the wind.

to bend over

agacharse, inclinarse

I bent over and picked up the coin.

The tree bent in the strong wind.

El árbol se dobló por el fuerte viento.

to spend

gastar

She spent a lot of money.

I spent all night studying.

Me pasé toda la noche estudiando.

We spent a lot of money.

Gastamos mucho dinero.

We spent a lot of money on the holidays.

*Pasado simple - ser o ir* Los verbos irregulares tienen *tres formas específicas* que debes memorizar. Mientras que la mayoría de los verbos regulares utilizan la terminación *-ed* para el pasado y el participio, los verbos irregulares *tienen sus propias formas de pasado y participio.* Las tres formas son: 1. *Forma base* (el verbo que encuentras en el diccionario) 2. *Forma del pasado simple* (la que estás aprendiendo en este curso) 3. *Forma de participio pasado* (aprenderemos a utilizarla más adelante) Es importante y mucho más fácil aprender las tres formas al mismo tiempo. Empecemos por las más importantes: "to be" - "was/were" - "been" "to go" - "went" - "gone"

to be

ser, estar, haber

He was sad yesterday. We were happy yesterday.

I was there.

Estuve allí.

I was at the party yesterday.

scared

asustado/asustada

She was scared to walk alone in the dark.

He was scared.

Estaba asustado.

He was scared when he heard the loud noise.

a feeling

sentimiento

I have a feeling that today will be a great day.

He was scared of his feelings.

Tenía miedo de sus sentimientos.

to go

ir, irse

We went to the cinema last night.

he went

él fue

He went for a walk.

last Monday

el lunes pasado

Last Monday we had an exam.

He went to Prague last Monday.

Se fue a Praga el lunes pasado.

*Más verbos irregulares* Veamos ahora otros verbos irregulares y sus formas en pasado. "to have" - "had" - "had" "to eat" - "ate" - "eaten" "to come" - "came" - "come" "to think" - "thought" - "thought" "to give" - "gave" - "given" "to forget" - "forgot" - "forgotten"

to have

tener

I had no idea.

we had

nosotros tuvimos

We had a great time last weekend.

We had a great time.

Lo pasamos muy bien.

to eat

comer

I ate a while ago.

She ate an apple for breakfast.

Ella desayunó una manzana.

to come

venir, llegar

I came home very late last night.

to think

pensar

I never thought I could do it.

I thought so.

Me lo imaginaba.

I thought of you today.

Hoy he pensado en ti.

I thought of you today during my lunch break and smiled.

to give

dar

She gave him a book for his birthday.

The teacher gave us homework yesterday.

El profesor nos dio tarea ayer.

to forget

olvidar

She forgot about it.

I forgot my keys.

Olvidé mis llaves.

to make

hacer

I made it myself.

I made a mistake.

Cometí un error.

We made it to the end!

¡Llegamos al final!

*Pretérito - pregunta* Una pregunta se forma en pasado añadiendo el verbo auxiliar "did" (pasado de "do") al principio de la frase. Este verbo auxiliar asume todas las funciones gramaticales, por lo que el verbo semántico ya estará en presente. "did" + sujeto + verbo (infinitivo sin "TO") + resto de la frase*. "Did you like the concert?" Veamos otros verbos irregulares: "to know" - "knew" - "known" "to pay" - "paid" - "paid" "to sleep" - "slept" - "slept" "to keep" - "kept" - "kept" "to mean" - "meant" - "meant"

Did you know that?

¿Lo sabías?

Did you know that the Eiffel Tower can be 15 cm taller in the summer?

I knew it.

Lo sabía.

I knew it was true.

to pay

pagar

Did you pay the bills last month?

He paid for me.

Él pagó por mí.

He paid for me at the restaurant.

to sleep

dormir

Did you sleep well?

He slept for ten hours last night.

Anoche durmió diez horas.

Did he study?

¿Ha estudiado?

Did he study before the exam?

to keep

mantener

Did you keep my secret?

Did she go there?

¿Fue allí?

to mean

significar

Did they mean it?

I meant it.

Lo decía en serio.

When I complimented your work, I meant it.

*Pasado - negación* Cuando queremos expresar una negación en pasado, usamos la frase "did not" después del sujeto, y el verbo semántico (un verbo que muestra una acción o evento) permanece en su forma básica. *sujeto + "did not" + verbo (infinitivo) + resto de la frase* "He did not do it." "We did not go there." *Tenga en cuenta que "didn't" es una forma abreviada de "did not".* Veamos otros verbos irregulares: "to feel" - "felt" - "felt" "to tell" - "told" - "told" "to wear" - "wore" - "worn"

I did not work yesterday.

Ayer no trabajé.

He didn't do it.

Él no lo hizo.

He didn't do his homework.

We did not go there.

No fuimos allí.

to feel

sentir

I feel tired after the long day.

I did not feel it.

No lo sentí.

I did not feel pain.

to tell

decir

I told her you were coming.

She didn't tell me.

No me lo dijo.

She didn't tell me the truth.

the truth

verdad

You should tell the truth.

to wear

llevar puesto

I didn't wear a school uniform.

I did not sleep well.

No he dormido bien.

*La misma forma* A veces, el pretérito coincide con el infinitivo. Veamos estos verbos para que no te confundas. "to let" - "let" - "let" "to set" - "set" - "set" "to put" - "put" - "put" "to cut" - "cut" - "cut" "to cost" - "cost" - "cost" Fíjate en que estos verbos pueden tener distintos significados según cómo se utilicen. Vamos a aprender algunos de ellos.

to let

dejar

She let her friend use her phone.

Let it be.

Déjalo así.

She was upset about the argument, but I told her to let it be.

He let his dog sleep on the bed.

Dejó que su perro durmiera en la cama.

to set

poner

He set the ladder against the wall.

to set the table

poner la mesa

Can you help me set the table for dinner?

to set an example

dar un ejemplo

The teacher always tries to set an example for her students.

She set the table for dinner.

Ella puso la mesa para la cena.

to put

poner

He put his arms around her and held her tight.

I put the milk back in the fridge.

Volví a meter la leche en la nevera.

to cut

cortar

I cut myself while shaving.

I cut my hair yesterday.

Ayer me corté el pelo.

Cut it out!

¡Corta ya!

to cost

costar

This book costs ten dollars.

I bought a new phone, and it cost a lot of money.

Me compré un teléfono nuevo y me costó mucho dinero.

*Concluyamos este curso.* Terminemos este curso con algunos *verbos irregulares de uso* común que te ayudarán a ampliar tu vocabulario. "to choose" - "chose" - "chosen" "to write" - "wrote" - "written" "to take" - "took" - "taken" "to see" - "saw" - "seen" "to buy" - "bought" - "bought"