Minevikust rääkimineIngliskeelsed sõnad

by DuoCards

*Mineviku lihtne aeg* Alustame *mineviku lihtsa ajavormiga.* Me kasutame seda, et rääkida *lõpetatud tegevustest, mis toimusid ajavahemikus enne praegust.* Eristame regulaarseid ja ebaregulaarseid verbe, mida vaatleme hiljem. *Korrapärased verbid mineviku lihtsas ajas: lisage enamikule verbidele "-ed":* "to talk" - "talked" "to finish" - "finished" "to listen" - "listened" "to relax" - "relaxed" "to knock" - "knocked" "to walk" - "walked"

I finished the school project.

Lõpetasin kooliprojekti.

to listen

kuulama

We listened to some music.

he relaxed

ta puhkas

He relaxed during his vacation.

He listened to my advice and relaxed.

Ta võttis mu nõu kuulda ja puhkas.

We talked about our favorite movies.

Me rääkisime oma lemmikfilmidest.

to knock

koputama

Who knocked at the door?

he knocked

ta koputas

He knocked at the door.

to walk in

sisse astuma

She walked in.

He walked in.

Ta astus sisse.

He knocked on the door and walked in.

Ta koputas uksele ja astus sisse.

*Viimane täht kahekordistatakse* Kui *lühike verb* lõpeb *konsonant-vokaal-konsonandiga*, kahekordistage viimane täht ja lisage siis -ed. "to stop" - "stopped" "to shop" - "shopped" Ärge kahekordistage aga viimast tähte, kui verb lõpeb *w, x* või *y.* "to play" - "played" "to show" - "showed"

to stop

peatada

The bus driver stopped suddenly.

we stopped

me peatusime

We stopped playing soccer when it started to rain.

in the middle

keskel

She placed the vase in the middle of the table.

the desert

kõrb

The desert is very dry and salty.

We stopped in the middle of the desert.

Me peatusime keset kõrbe.

to play

mängima

The violinist played beautifully.

She played guitar.

Ta mängis kitarri.

She played guitar at the concert.

to shop

ostlema

They shopped a lot.

to show

näitama

He showed me the way.

*Pikemad sõnad* Pikemates sõnades, kui verbi viimane silp lõpeb konsonant-vokaal-konsonandiga ja see silp on rõhutatud, kahekordistage viimane konsonant ja lisage seejärel ed. "to prefer" - "preferred" "to travel" - "traveled" (Ameerika inglise keeles) või "travelled" (Briti inglise keeles). Kuid ärge kahekordistage viimast tähte, kui *esimene silp on rõhutatud.* "to enter" - "entered"

They entered.

Nad sisenesid.

They entered the house.

to prefer

eelistama

I prefer alternative medicine.

to travel

reisima

We traveled a lot as children.

alone

üksi

He was alone that evening.

I traveled alone.

Reisisin üksi.

I traveled to the USA alone.

preferred option

eelistatud valik

Travelling by train would always be my preferred option.

last summer

eelmisel suvel

We met last summer.

He traveled by boat last summer.

Ta reisis eelmisel suvel paadiga.

*Lõpud muutuvad* Kui verbi lõpeb e-sse, lisage lihtsalt *-d.* "to create" - "created" "to live" - "lived" Kui verbi lõpeb konsonandiga + y, *muutke y i-ks ja lisage -ed.* "to try" - "tried" "to worry" - "worried" "to carry" - "carried"

to create

luua

He created an environment in which students can learn.

he created

ta lõi

He created his own website.

The company created a new app for learning languages.

Ettevõte lõi uue rakenduse keelte õppimiseks.

to live

elama

We lived abroad for six years.

We lived together.

Me elasime koos.

We lived together for many years.

to worry

muretsema

She is worried about her interview, even though she did fine.

she worried

ta muretses

My mum worried about me last week because I was ill.

to carry

kandma

Let me carry your bags for you.

I carried the bag.

Ma kandsin kotti.

*Väljendid - mineviku lihtne* On olemas teatud väljendid, mis on seotud mineviku lihtsa ajaga: "yesterday" "last week/month/year/..." "ago" Väljendab ajalist kaugust ja seisab alati pärast ajalist määramist. nt. "one month ago" "two weeks ago" "a long time ago" "the other day"

I cooked a vegan meal last weekend.

Valmistasin eelmisel nädalavahetusel veganitoitu.

last weekend

eelmisel nädalavahetusel

I went hiking with my friends last weekend.

I studied a lot last night.

Ma õppisin eile öösel palju.

I played

Ma mängisin

l played tennis alone.

I played a difficult game yesterday.

Mängisin eile ühte rasket mängu.

to borrow

laenata

Can I borrow your car?

two years ago

kaks aastat tagasi

We moved in two years ago.

He borrowed money from his parents two years ago.

Ta laenas kaks aastat tagasi oma vanematelt raha.

to try

proovida

She tried to contact her father.

to call

helistama

I called you ten times!

I tried to call him three hours ago.

Üritasin talle kolm tundi tagasi helistada.

*Verbid, mis lõpevad -d* Mõne verbi, mis lõpevad -d, muutke *-d* *-t-ks*. "to build" - "built" "to send" - "sent" "to bend" - "bent" "to spend" - - "spent" Näide: "We built this house a long time ago."

to build

ehitama

Who built this house?

We built a house.

Me ehitasime maja.

to send

saatma

I sent an email.

I sent you a message.

Saatsin teile sõnumi.

to bend

painutama

The tree branches bend in the wind.

to bend over

kummarduma

I bent over and picked up the coin.

The tree bent in the strong wind.

Puu paindus tugeva tuule käes.

to spend

kulutama

She spent a lot of money.

I spent all night studying.

Ma veetsin terve öö õppides.

We spent a lot of money.

Me kulutasime palju raha.

We spent a lot of money on the holidays.

*Past Simple - olla või minna* Ebaregulaarsetel verbidel on *kolm erivormi*, mis tuleb meelde jätta. Kui enamik inglise keele tavalisi verbe kasutab mineviku aja ja osaliste vormide puhul lõppu *-ed*, siis ebaregulaarsetel verbidel *on igaühel oma unikaalne ajavorm ja mineviku osaline.* Need kolm vormi on järgmised: 1. *Põhivorm* (verb, mille leiate sõnaraamatust). 2. *mineviku lihtvorm* (see, mida te õpite sellel kursusel). 3. *Mineviku osaline vorm* (seda õpime kasutama hiljem) Oluline ja palju lihtsam on õppida kõiki kolme vormi korraga. Alustame kõige olulisematest: "to be" - "was/were" - "been" "to go" - "went" - "gone"

to be

olema

He was sad yesterday. We were happy yesterday.

I was there.

Ma olin seal.

I was at the party yesterday.

scared

hirmunud

She was scared to walk alone in the dark.

He was scared.

Ta oli hirmul.

He was scared when he heard the loud noise.

a feeling

tunne

I have a feeling that today will be a great day.

He was scared of his feelings.

Ta kartis oma tundeid.

to go

minema

We went to the cinema last night.

he went

ta läks

He went for a walk.

last Monday

eelmisel esmaspäeval

Last Monday we had an exam.

He went to Prague last Monday.

Ta sõitis eelmisel esmaspäeval Prahasse.

*Rohkem ebaregulaarseid verbe* Nüüd vaatleme veel mõningaid ebaregulaarseid verbe ja nende minevikuvorme. "to have" - "had" - "had" "to eat" - "ate" - "eaten" "to come" - "came" - "come" "to think" - "thought" - "thought" "to give" - "gave" - "given" "to forget" - "forgot" - "forgotten"

to have

omama

I had no idea.

we had

meil oli

We had a great time last weekend.

We had a great time.

Meil oli väga tore.

to eat

sööma

I ate a while ago.

She ate an apple for breakfast.

Ta sõi hommikusöögiks õuna.

to come

tulla

I came home very late last night.

to think

mõtlema

I never thought I could do it.

I thought so.

Ma arvasingi nii.

I thought of you today.

Mõtlesin sinule täna.

I thought of you today during my lunch break and smiled.

to give

andma

She gave him a book for his birthday.

The teacher gave us homework yesterday.

Õpetaja andis meile eile kodutöö.

to forget

unustama

She forgot about it.

I forgot my keys.

Unustasin oma võtmed maha.

to make

tegema

I made it myself.

I made a mistake.

Ma tegin vea.

We made it to the end!

Jõudsime lõpuni!

*Minevikuvorm - küsimus* Küsimus moodustatakse minevikuvormis, lisades lause algusesse abiverbi "did" (minevikuvormis "do"). See abiverb võtab üle kõik grammatilised funktsioonid, nii et semantiline verbi on juba olevikus. "did" + subjekt + verb (infinitiiv ilma "TO") + ülejäänud lause*. "Did you like the concert?" Vaatame veel mõned ebaregulaarsed verbid: "to know" - "knew" - "known" "to pay" - "paid" - "paid" "to sleep" - "slept" - "slept" "to keep" - "kept" - "kept" "to mean" - "meant" "meant"

Did you know that?

Kas sa teadsid seda?

Did you know that the Eiffel Tower can be 15 cm taller in the summer?

I knew it.

Ma teadsin seda.

I knew it was true.

to pay

maksma

Did you pay the bills last month?

He paid for me.

Ta maksis minu eest.

He paid for me at the restaurant.

to sleep

magama

Did you sleep well?

He slept for ten hours last night.

Ta magas öösel kümme tundi.

Did he study?

Kas ta õppis?

Did he study before the exam?

to keep

hoidma

Did you keep my secret?

Did she go there?

Kas ta läks sinna?

to mean

tähendama

Did they mean it?

I meant it.

Ma mõtlesin seda tõsiselt.

When I complimented your work, I meant it.

*Minevikuvorm - eitamine* Kui me tahame väljendada eitust minevikuvormis, kasutame subjekti järel fraasi "did not" ja semantiline verb (tegu või sündmust näitav verb) jääb oma põhivormi. *subjekt + "did not" + verb (infinitiiv) + ülejäänud lauseosa* "He did not do it." "We did not go there." *Pange tähele, et "did't" on lühivorm "did not".*. Vaatame veel mõned ebaregulaarsed verbid: "to feel" - "felt" - "felt" "to tell" - "told" - "told" "to wear" - "wore" - "worn"

I did not work yesterday.

Ma ei töötanud eile.

He didn't do it.

Tema ei teinud seda.

He didn't do his homework.

We did not go there.

Me ei läinud sinna.

to feel

tundma

I feel tired after the long day.

I did not feel it.

Ma ei tundnud seda.

I did not feel pain.

to tell

ütlema

I told her you were coming.

She didn't tell me.

Ta ei öelnud mulle.

She didn't tell me the truth.

the truth

tõde

You should tell the truth.

to wear

kandma

I didn't wear a school uniform.

I did not sleep well.

Ma ei maganud hästi.

*Sama vorm* Mõnikord on minevikuvorm sama, mis infinitiivivorm. Vaatame neid verbe, et te ei satuks segadusse! "to let" - "let" - "let" "to set" - "set" - "set" "to put" - "put" - "put" "to cut" - "cut" - "cut" "to cost" - "cost" "cost" Pange tähele, et need verbid võivad olla erineva tähendusega, sõltuvalt sellest, kuidas neid kasutatakse. Me õpime mõned neist ära.

to let

laskma

She let her friend use her phone.

Let it be.

Las olla.

She was upset about the argument, but I told her to let it be.

He let his dog sleep on the bed.

Ta lubas oma koeral voodis magada.

to set

seadma

He set the ladder against the wall.

to set the table

lauda katma

Can you help me set the table for dinner?

to set an example

eeskuju näitama

The teacher always tries to set an example for her students.

She set the table for dinner.

Ta kattis õhtusöögiks laua.

to put

panema

He put his arms around her and held her tight.

I put the milk back in the fridge.

Panin piima tagasi külmkappi.

to cut

lõikama

I cut myself while shaving.

I cut my hair yesterday.

Lõikasin eile juukseid.

Cut it out!

Lõpeta ära!

to cost

maksma

This book costs ten dollars.

I bought a new phone, and it cost a lot of money.

Ostsin uue telefoni ja see maksis palju raha.

*Lõpetame selle kursuse!* Lõpetame selle kursuse mõne *sagedamini kasutatava ebaregulaarse verbi* abil, mis aitab teil laiendada oma sõnavara. "to choose" - "chose" - "chosen" "to write" - "wrote" - "written" "to take" - "took" - "taken" "to see" - "saw" - "seen" "to buy" - "bought" - "bought"