Parler du passéles mots anglais

*Le passé simple* Commençons par le *passé simple.* Nous l'utilisons pour parler d'*actions terminées qui se sont produites dans une période antérieure à aujourd'hui.* Nous distinguons les verbes réguliers et les verbes irréguliers, que nous verrons plus tard. *Verbes réguliers au passé simple : ajoutez "-ed" à la plupart des verbes :* "to talk" - "talked" "to finish" - "finished" "to listen" - "listened" "to relax" - "relaxed" "to knock" - "knocked" "to walk" - "walked"
I finished the school project.
J'ai terminé le projet scolaire.
to listen
écouter
We listened to some music.
he relaxed
il s'est reposé
He relaxed during his vacation.
He listened to my advice and relaxed.
Il a suivi mon conseil et s'est reposé.
We talked about our favorite movies.
Nous avons parlé de nos films préférés.
to knock
frapper
Who knocked at the door?
he knocked
il a frappé
He knocked at the door.
to walk in
entrer
She walked in.
He walked in.
Il est entré.
He knocked on the door and walked in.
Il a frappé à la porte et est entré.
*Doubler la dernière lettre* Si un *verbe court* se termine par une *consonne-voyelle-consonne*, on double la dernière lettre et on ajoute -ed. "to stop" - "stopped" "to shop" - "shopped" En revanche, ne doublez pas la dernière lettre si le verbe se termine par *w, x* ou *y.* "to play" - "played" "to show" - "showed"
to stop
arrêter
The bus driver stopped suddenly.
we stopped
nous nous sommes arrêtés
We stopped playing soccer when it started to rain.
in the middle
au milieu
She placed the vase in the middle of the table.
the desert
désert
The desert is very dry and salty.
We stopped in the middle of the desert.
Nous nous sommes arrêtés au milieu du désert.
to play
jouer
The violinist played beautifully.
She played guitar.
Elle jouait de la guitare.
She played guitar at the concert.
to shop
faire des achats
They shopped a lot.
to show
montrer
He showed me the way.
*Mots plus longs* Dans les mots longs, si la dernière syllabe du verbe se termine par une consonne-voyelle-consonne et que cette syllabe est accentuée, doublez la dernière consonne et ajoutez ed. "to prefer" - "preferred" "to travel" - "traveled" (anglais américain) ou "travelled" (anglais britannique) En revanche, ne doublez pas la dernière lettre si la *première syllabe est accentuée.* "to enter" - "entered"
They entered.
Ils sont entrés.
They entered the house.
to prefer
préférer
I prefer alternative medicine.
to travel
voyager
We traveled a lot as children.
alone
seul
He was alone that evening.
I traveled alone.
J'ai voyagé seul.
I traveled to the USA alone.
preferred option
option préférée
Travelling by train would always be my preferred option.
last summer
été dernier
We met last summer.
He traveled by boat last summer.
L'été dernier, il a voyagé en bateau.
*Les fins changent* Si le verbe se termine par e, il suffit d'ajouter *-d.* "to create" - "created" "to live" - "lived" Si le verbe se termine par une consonne + y, *changez le y en i et ajoutez -ed.* "to try" - "tried" "to worry" - "worried" "to carry" - "carried"
to create
créer
He created an environment in which students can learn.
he created
il a créé
He created his own website.
The company created a new app for learning languages.
L'entreprise a créé une nouvelle application pour l'apprentissage des langues.
to live
vivre
We lived abroad for six years.
We lived together.
Nous avons vécu ensemble.
We lived together for many years.
to worry
s'inquiéter
She is worried about her interview, even though she did fine.
she worried
elle s'inquiétait
My mum worried about me last week because I was ill.
to carry
porter
Let me carry your bags for you.
I carried the bag.
Je portais le sac.
*Expressions - passé simple* Certaines expressions sont associées au passé simple : "yesterday" "last week/month/year/..." "ago" exprime la distance temporelle et se situe toujours après une détermination temporelle. par exemple. "one month ago" "two weeks ago" "a long time ago" "the other day"
I cooked a vegan meal last weekend.
J'ai cuisiné un repas végétalien le week-end dernier.
last weekend
week-end dernier
I went hiking with my friends last weekend.
I studied a lot last night.
J'ai beaucoup étudié hier soir.
I played
J'ai joué
l played tennis alone.
I played a difficult game yesterday.
J'ai joué à un jeu difficile hier.
to borrow
emprunter
Can I borrow your car?
two years ago
il y a deux ans
We moved in two years ago.
He borrowed money from his parents two years ago.
Il a emprunté de l'argent à ses parents il y a deux ans.
to try
essayer
She tried to contact her father.
to call
appeler
I called you ten times!
I tried to call him three hours ago.
J'ai essayé de l'appeler il y a trois heures.
*Verbes se terminant par -d* Certains verbes qui se terminent par -d, changent le *-d* en *-t*. "to build" - "built" "to send" - "sent" "to bend" - "bent" "to spend" - "spent" Exemple : "We built this house a long time ago."
to build
construire
Who built this house?
We built a house.
Nous avons construit une maison.
to send
envoyer
I sent an email.
I sent you a message.
Je vous ai envoyé un message.
to bend
se plier
The tree branches bend in the wind.
to bend over
se pencher
I bent over and picked up the coin.
The tree bent in the strong wind.
L'arbre a ployé sous le vent violent.
to spend
dépenser
She spent a lot of money.
I spent all night studying.
J'ai passé toute la nuit à étudier.
We spent a lot of money.
Nous avons dépensé beaucoup d'argent.
We spent a lot of money on the holidays.
*Passé simple - être ou aller* Les verbes irréguliers ont *trois formes spécifiques* que vous devez mémoriser. Alors que la plupart des verbes réguliers anglais utilisent la terminaison *-ed* pour le passé et les formes participatives, les verbes irréguliers *ont chacun leurs propres formes de temps et leurs propres participes passés.* Les trois formes sont les suivantes 1. *Forme de base* (le verbe que vous trouvez dans le dictionnaire) 2. Le *passé simple* (celui que vous apprenez dans ce cours) 3. Le *participe passé* (nous apprendrons à l'utiliser plus tard) Il est important et beaucoup plus facile d'apprendre les trois formes en même temps. Commençons par les plus importantes : "to be" - "was/were" - "been" "to go" - "went" - "gone"
to be
être
He was sad yesterday. We were happy yesterday.
I was there.
J'y étais.
I was at the party yesterday.
scared
effrayé/-e
She was scared to walk alone in the dark.
He was scared.
Il avait peur.
He was scared when he heard the loud noise.
a feeling
sentiment
I have a feeling that today will be a great day.
He was scared of his feelings.
Il avait peur de ses sentiments.
to go
aller
We went to the cinema last night.
he went
il est allé
He went for a walk.
last Monday
lundi dernier
Last Monday we had an exam.
He went to Prague last Monday.
Il est allé à Prague lundi dernier.
*Plus de verbes irréguliers* Voyons maintenant d'autres verbes irréguliers et leurs formes passées. "to have" - "had" - "had" "to eat" - "ate" - "eaten" "to come" - "came" - "come" "to think" - "thought" - "thought" "to give" - "gave" - "given" "to forget" - "forgot" - "forgotten"
to have
avoir
I had no idea.
we had
nous avions
We had a great time last weekend.
We had a great time.
Nous avons passé un excellent moment.
to eat
manger
I ate a while ago.
She ate an apple for breakfast.
Elle a mangé une pomme au petit-déjeuner.
to come
venir
I came home very late last night.
to think
penser
I never thought I could do it.
I thought so.
C'est bien ce que je pensais.
I thought of you today.
J'ai pensé à toi/vous aujourd'hui.
I thought of you today during my lunch break and smiled.
to give
donner
She gave him a book for his birthday.
The teacher gave us homework yesterday.
Le professeur nous a donné des devoirs hier.
to forget
oublier
She forgot about it.
I forgot my keys.
J'ai oublié mes clés.
to make
faire
I made it myself.
I made a mistake.
J'ai fait une erreur.
We made it to the end!
On a réussi !
*Le passé - la question* Une question se forme au passé en ajoutant le verbe auxiliaire "did" (passé de "do") au début de la phrase. Ce verbe auxiliaire assume toutes les fonctions grammaticales, de sorte que le verbe sémantique sera déjà au présent. "did" + Sujet + verbe (infinitif sans "TO") + le reste de la phrase*. "Did you like the concert?" Examinons d'autres verbes irréguliers : "to know" - "knew" - "known" "to pay" - "paid" - "paid" "to sleep" - "slept" - "slept" "to keep" - "kept" - "kept" "to mean" - "meant" - "meant"
Did you know that?
Tu le savais ?
Did you know that the Eiffel Tower can be 15 cm taller in the summer?
I knew it.
Je le savais.
I knew it was true.
to pay
payer
Did you pay the bills last month?
He paid for me.
Il a payé pour moi.
He paid for me at the restaurant.
to sleep
dormir
Did you sleep well?
He slept for ten hours last night.
Il a dormi pendant dix heures la nuit dernière.
Did he study?
A-t-il étudié ?
Did he study before the exam?
to keep
garder
Did you keep my secret?
Did she go there?
Est-ce qu'elle y est allée ?
to mean
signifier
Did they mean it?
I meant it.
Je le pensais vraiment.
When I complimented your work, I meant it.
*Le passé - la négation* Lorsque l'on veut exprimer une négation au passé, on utilise la phrase "did not" après le sujet, et le verbe sémantique (verbe qui montre une action ou un événement) reste dans sa forme de base. *sujet + "did not" + verbe (infinitif) + reste de la phrase* "He did not do it." "We did not go there." *Notez que "didn't" est une forme courte de "did not".* Examinons d'autres verbes irréguliers : "to feel" - "felt" - "felt" "to tell" - "told" - "told" "to wear" - "wore" - "worn"
I did not work yesterday.
Je n'ai pas travaillé hier.
He didn't do it.
Il ne l'a pas fait.
He didn't do his homework.
We did not go there.
Nous n'y sommes pas allés.
to feel
sentir
I feel tired after the long day.
I did not feel it.
Je ne l'ai pas senti.
I did not feel pain.
to tell
dire
I told her you were coming.
She didn't tell me.
Elle ne me l'a pas dit.
She didn't tell me the truth.
the truth
vérité
You should tell the truth.
to wear
porter
I didn't wear a school uniform.
I did not sleep well.
Je n'ai pas bien dormi.
*Le même formulaire* Parfois, la forme du passé est la même que celle de l'infinitif. Examinons ces verbes pour ne pas vous tromper ! "to let" - "let" - "let" "to set" - "set" - "set" "to put" - "put" - "put" "to cut" - "cut" - "cut" "to cost" - "cost" - "cost" Notez que ces verbes peuvent avoir des significations différentes selon la façon dont ils sont utilisés. Nous allons en apprendre quelques-uns.
to let
laisser
She let her friend use her phone.
Let it be.
Laisse tomber.
She was upset about the argument, but I told her to let it be.
He let his dog sleep on the bed.
Il a laissé son chien dormir sur le lit.
to set
fixer
He set the ladder against the wall.
to set the table
mettre la table
Can you help me set the table for dinner?
to set an example
montrer l'exemple
The teacher always tries to set an example for her students.
She set the table for dinner.
Elle a mis la table pour le dîner.
to put
mettre
He put his arms around her and held her tight.
I put the milk back in the fridge.
J'ai remis le lait au frigo.
to cut
couper
I cut myself while shaving.
I cut my hair yesterday.
Je me suis fait couper les cheveux hier.
Cut it out!
Arrête ça !
to cost
coûter
This book costs ten dollars.
I bought a new phone, and it cost a lot of money.
J'ai acheté un nouveau téléphone, et il m'a coûté très cher.
*Terminons ce cours !* Terminons ce cours avec quelques *verbes irréguliers* plus *couramment utilisés* qui vous aideront à élargir votre vocabulaire. "to choose" - "chose" - "chosen" "to write" - "wrote" - "written" "to take" - "took" - "taken" "to see" - "saw" - "seen" "to buy" - "bought" - "bought"
to choose
choisir
He chose a seat facing the door.
They chose a movie to watch together.
Ils ont choisi un film à regarder ensemble.
to write
écrire
I wrote my name on the paper.
She wrote a letter to her friend.
Elle a écrit une lettre à son amie.
to take
durer
It took us more than an hour to get there.
I took care of it.
Je m'en suis occupé.
It took me an hour to finish my homework.
Il m'a fallu une heure pour finir mes devoirs.
to take a shower
prendre une douche
I took a shower and went to work.
to buy
acheter
She bought a dress for the party.
I bought a new laptop.
J'ai acheté un nouvel ordinateur portable.
to see
voir
Jack saw Peter last weekend.
I saw you.
Je t'ai vu.
I saw you at the park yesterday.
Choose wisely.
Choisissez judicieusement.
Choose wisely your next course.
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