Berbicara tentang Masa LaluKata-kata bahasa Inggris

by DuoCards

*Bentuk lampau sederhana (Past Simple Tense)* Mari kita mulai dengan *bentuk lampau sederhana*. Kita menggunakannya untuk membicarakan *tindakan yang telah selesai yang terjadi pada periode waktu sebelum sekarang*. Kita membedakan antara kata kerja beraturan dan tidak beraturan, yang akan kita bahas nanti. *Kata kerja beraturan dalam bentuk lampau sederhana: tambahkan "-ed" pada sebagian besar kata kerja:* "to talk" - "talked" "to finish" - "finished" "to listen" - "listened" "to relax" - "relaxed" "to knock" - "knocked" "to walk" - "walked"

I finished the school project.

Saya sudah menyelesaikan proyek sekolah itu.

to listen

mendengarkan

We listened to some music.

he relaxed

dia beristirahat

He relaxed during his vacation.

He listened to my advice and relaxed.

Dia mendengarkan saran saya dan beristirahat.

We talked about our favorite movies.

Kami berbicara tentang film favorit kami.

to knock

mengetuk

Who knocked at the door?

he knocked

dia mengetuk

He knocked at the door.

to walk in

masuk

She walked in.

He walked in.

Dia masuk.

He knocked on the door and walked in.

Dia mengetuk pintu lalu masuk ke dalam.

*Gandakan huruf terakhir* Jika *kata kerja pendek* diakhiri dengan *konsonan-vokal-konsonan*, gandakan huruf terakhir lalu tambahkan -ed. "to stop" - "stopped" "to shop" - "shopped" Namun, jangan menggandakan huruf terakhir jika kata kerja berakhiran dengan *w, x,* atau *y.* "to play" - "played" "to show" - "showed"

to stop

berhenti

The bus driver stopped suddenly.

we stopped

kami berhenti

We stopped playing soccer when it started to rain.

in the middle

di tengah

She placed the vase in the middle of the table.

the desert

padang gurun

The desert is very dry and salty.

We stopped in the middle of the desert.

Kami berhenti di tengah gurun.

to play

bermain

The violinist played beautifully.

She played guitar.

Dia bermain gitar.

She played guitar at the concert.

to shop

berbelanja

They shopped a lot.

to show

menunjukkan

He showed me the way.

*Kata-kata yang lebih panjang* Pada kata yang lebih panjang, jika suku kata terakhir dari kata kerja diakhiri dengan konsonan-vokal-konsonan dan suku kata tersebut diberi tekanan, gandakan konsonan terakhir lalu tambahkan ed. "to prefer" - "preferred" "to travel" - "traveled" (Bahasa Inggris Amerika) atau "travelled" (Bahasa Inggris Inggris) Namun, jangan menggandakan huruf terakhir jika *suku kata pertama diberi tekanan*. "to enter" - "entered"

They entered.

Mereka masuk.

They entered the house.

to prefer

lebih menyukai

I prefer alternative medicine.

to travel

bepergian

We traveled a lot as children.

alone

sendiri

He was alone that evening.

I traveled alone.

Saya bepergian sendirian.

I traveled to the USA alone.

preferred option

pilihan utama

Travelling by train would always be my preferred option.

last summer

musim panas lalu

We met last summer.

He traveled by boat last summer.

Dia bepergian dengan kapal musim panas lalu.

*Akhiran berubah* Jika kata kerja berakhiran e, cukup tambahkan *-d*. "to create" - "created" "to live" - "lived" Jika kata kerja diakhiri dengan konsonan + y, *ubah y menjadi i dan tambahkan -ed*. "to try" - "tried" "to worry" - "worried" "to carry" - "carried"

to create

membuat

He created an environment in which students can learn.

he created

dia menciptakan

He created his own website.

The company created a new app for learning languages.

Perusahaan tersebut menciptakan aplikasi baru untuk belajar bahasa.

to live

hidup

We lived abroad for six years.

We lived together.

Kami dulu tinggal bersama.

We lived together for many years.

to worry

khawatir

She is worried about her interview, even though she did fine.

she worried

dia merasa khawatir

My mum worried about me last week because I was ill.

to carry

membawa

Let me carry your bags for you.

I carried the bag.

Saya membawa tas itu.

*Ekspresi - masa lalu sederhana* Ada ekspresi tertentu yang terkait dengan simple past tense: "yesterday" "last week/month/year/..." "ago"mengungkapkan jarak temporal dan selalu berdiri setelah penentuan temporal. misalnya. "one month ago""two weeks ago""a long time ago""the other day"

I cooked a vegan meal last weekend.

Saya memasak hidangan vegan akhir pekan lalu.

last weekend

akhir pekan lalu

I went hiking with my friends last weekend.

I studied a lot last night.

Tadi malam saya belajar banyak.

I played

Saya bermain

l played tennis alone.

I played a difficult game yesterday.

Kemarin saya memainkan permainan yang sulit.

to borrow

meminjam

Can I borrow your car?

two years ago

dua tahun yang lalu

We moved in two years ago.

He borrowed money from his parents two years ago.

Dia meminjam uang dari orang tuanya dua tahun yang lalu.

to try

mencoba

She tried to contact her father.

to call

menelepon

I called you ten times!

I tried to call him three hours ago.

Saya mencoba meneleponnya tiga jam yang lalu.

*Kata kerja yang diakhiri dengan -d* Beberapa kata kerja yang berakhiran -d, ubah *-d* menjadi *-t* . "to build"- "built" "to send"- "sent" "to bend"- "bent" "to spend"- "spent" Contoh: "We built this house a long time ago."

to build

membangun

Who built this house?

We built a house.

Kami membangun sebuah rumah.

to send

mengirim

I sent an email.

I sent you a message.

Saya sudah mengirimkan pesan kepada Anda.

to bend

membengkokkan

The tree branches bend in the wind.

to bend over

membungkuk

I bent over and picked up the coin.

The tree bent in the strong wind.

Pohon itu melengkung tertiup angin kencang.

to spend

menghabiskan

She spent a lot of money.

I spent all night studying.

Saya menghabiskan sepanjang malam untuk belajar.

We spent a lot of money.

Kami menghabiskan banyak uang.

We spent a lot of money on the holidays.

*Past Simple - menjadi atau pergi* Kata kerja tak beraturan memiliki *tiga bentuk khusus* yang perlu Anda hafalkan. Meskipun sebagian besar kata kerja beraturan dalam bahasa Inggris menggunakan akhiran *-ed* untuk bentuk lampau dan bentuk partisip, kata kerja tidak beraturan *memiliki bentuk lampau dan partisip yang unik.* Ketiga bentuk tersebut adalah: 1. *Bentuk dasar* (kata kerja yang Anda temukan dalam kamus) 2. *Bentuk lampau sederhana (bentuk* yang Anda pelajari dalam kursus ini) 3. *Bentuk past participle* (kita akan mempelajari cara menggunakannya nanti) Adalah penting dan jauh lebih mudah untuk mempelajari ketiga bentuk tersebut secara bersamaan. Mari kita mulai dengan yang paling penting: "to be" - "was/were" - "been" "to go" - "went" - "gone"

to be

menjadi

He was sad yesterday. We were happy yesterday.

I was there.

Saya pernah ke sana.

I was at the party yesterday.

scared

ketakutan

She was scared to walk alone in the dark.

He was scared.

Dia ketakutan.

He was scared when he heard the loud noise.

a feeling

sebuah perasaan

I have a feeling that today will be a great day.

He was scared of his feelings.

Dia takut akan perasaannya sendiri.

to go

pergi

We went to the cinema last night.

he went

dia pergi

He went for a walk.

last Monday

Senin lalu

Last Monday we had an exam.

He went to Prague last Monday.

Dia pergi ke Praha Senin lalu.

*Kata kerja yang lebih tidak beraturan* Sekarang mari kita lihat beberapa kata kerja tidak beraturan lainnya dan bentuk lampaunya. "to have"- "had"- "had" "to eat"- "ate"- "eaten" "to come"- "came"- "come" "to think"- "thought"- "thought" "to give"- "gave"- "given" "to forget"- "forgot"- "forgotten"

to have

memiliki

I had no idea.

we had

kami punya

We had a great time last weekend.

We had a great time.

Kami bersenang-senang.

to eat

makan

I ate a while ago.

She ate an apple for breakfast.

Dia makan apel untuk sarapan.

to come

datang

I came home very late last night.

to think

berpikir

I never thought I could do it.

I thought so.

Sudah kuduga.

I thought of you today.

Aku memikirkanmu hari ini.

I thought of you today during my lunch break and smiled.

to give

memberi

She gave him a book for his birthday.

The teacher gave us homework yesterday.

Guru memberi kami pekerjaan rumah kemarin.

to forget

melupakan

She forgot about it.

I forgot my keys.

Kunci saya ketinggalan.

to make

membuat

I made it myself.

I made a mistake.

Saya melakukan kesalahan.

We made it to the end!

Kita berhasil sampai akhir!

*Bentuk lampau - pertanyaan* Pertanyaan dibentuk dalam bentuk lampau dengan menambahkan kata kerja bantu "did" (bentuk lampau dari "do") di awal kalimat. Kata kerja bantu ini mengambil alih semua fungsi tata bahasa, sehingga kata kerja semantiknya sudah dalam bentuk sekarang. "did" + subjek + kata kerja (infinitif tanpa "TO") + sisa kalimat* "Did you like the concert?" Mari kita lihat beberapa kata kerja tak beraturan lainnya: "to know" - "knew" - "known" "to pay" - "paid" - "paid" "to sleep" - "slept" - "slept" "to keep" - "kept" - "kept" "to mean" - "meant" - "meant"

Did you know that?

Apakah kamu tahu itu?

Did you know that the Eiffel Tower can be 15 cm taller in the summer?

I knew it.

Sudah kuduga.

I knew it was true.

to pay

membayar

Did you pay the bills last month?

He paid for me.

Dia membayari saya.

He paid for me at the restaurant.

to sleep

tidur

Did you sleep well?

He slept for ten hours last night.

Dia tidur selama sepuluh jam tadi malam.

Did he study?

Apakah dia belajar?

Did he study before the exam?

to keep

menjaga

Did you keep my secret?

Did she go there?

Apakah dia pergi ke sana?

to mean

berarti

Did they mean it?

I meant it.

Aku sungguh-sungguh.

When I complimented your work, I meant it.

*Bentuk lampau - negasi* Ketika kita ingin mengungkapkan negasi dalam bentuk lampau, kita menggunakan frasa "did not" setelah subjek, dan kata kerja semantik (kata kerja yang menunjukkan tindakan atau peristiwa) tetap dalam bentuk dasarnya. *subjek + "did not" + kata kerja (infinitif) + sisa kalimat* "He did not do it." "We did not go there." *Perhatikan, bahwa "didn't" adalah bentuk singkat dari "did not".* Mari kita lihat beberapa kata kerja tidak beraturan lainnya: "to feel" - "felt" - "felt" "to tell" - "told" - "told" "to wear" - "wore" - "worn"

I did not work yesterday.

Saya tidak bekerja kemarin.

He didn't do it.

Dia tidak melakukannya.

He didn't do his homework.

We did not go there.

Kami tidak pergi ke sana.

to feel

merasakan

I feel tired after the long day.

I did not feel it.

Aku tidak merasakannya.

I did not feel pain.

to tell

mengatakan

I told her you were coming.

She didn't tell me.

Dia tidak memberitahuku.

She didn't tell me the truth.

the truth

kebenaran

You should tell the truth.

to wear

memakai

I didn't wear a school uniform.

I did not sleep well.

Saya tidak tidur dengan nyenyak.

*Bentuk yang sama* Terkadang bentuk lampau sama dengan bentuk infinitif. Mari kita lihat kata kerja ini agar Anda tidak bingung! "to let" - "let" - "let" "to set" - "set" - "set" "to put" - "put" - "put" "to cut" - "cut" - "cut" "to cost" - "cost" - "cost" Perhatikan bahwa kata kerja ini dapat memiliki arti yang berbeda tergantung pada cara penggunaannya. Kita akan mempelajari beberapa di antaranya.

to let

membiarkan

She let her friend use her phone.

Let it be.

Biarkan saja.

She was upset about the argument, but I told her to let it be.

He let his dog sleep on the bed.

Dia membiarkan anjingnya tidur di atas tempat tidur.

to set

menempatkan

He set the ladder against the wall.

to set the table

menyiapkan meja makan

Can you help me set the table for dinner?

to set an example

memberikan teladan

The teacher always tries to set an example for her students.

She set the table for dinner.

Dia menyiapkan meja untuk makan malam.

to put

menaruh

He put his arms around her and held her tight.

I put the milk back in the fridge.

Saya menaruh kembali susunya ke dalam kulkas.

to cut

memotong

I cut myself while shaving.

I cut my hair yesterday.

Kemarin saya potong rambut.

Cut it out!

Hentikan itu!

to cost

seharga

This book costs ten dollars.

I bought a new phone, and it cost a lot of money.

Saya membeli ponsel baru, dan harganya sangat mahal.

*Mari kita selesaikan kursus ini!* Mari kita akhiri kursus ini dengan beberapa *kata kerja tidak beraturan yang lebih umum digunakan* yang akan membantu Anda memperluas kosa kata Anda. "to choose"- "chose"- "chosen" "to write"- "wrote"- "written" "to take"- "took"- "taken" "to see"- "saw"- "seen" "to buy"- "bought"- "bought"