باسکردنی ڕابردوووشەکانی ئینگلیزی

by DuoCards

*Dema Borî ya Sade* Werin em bi *dema borî ya sade dest pê bikin.* Em wê bi kar tînin da ku li ser *kiryarên temam ên ku di serdemek berê de qewimîne biaxivin.* Em lêkerên rêkûpêk û yên nerêkûpêk ji hev cuda dikin, ku em ê paşê li wan binêrin. *Lêkerên rêkûpêk di dema borî ya sade de: "-ed"li piraniya lêkeran zêde bikin:* "to talk"- "talked" "to finish"- "finished" "to listen"- "listened" "to relax"- "relaxed" "to knock"- "knocked" "to walk"- "walked"

I finished the school project.

من پڕۆژەی قوتابخانەکەم تەواو کرد.

to listen

گوێگرتن

We listened to some music.

he relaxed

ئەو پشووی دا

He relaxed during his vacation.

He listened to my advice and relaxed.

ئەو گوێی لە ئامۆژگارییەکەم گرت و پشووی دا.

We talked about our favorite movies.

Em li ser fîlmên xwe yên bijare axivîn.

to knock

lêdan

Who knocked at the door?

he knocked

wî lê da

He knocked at the door.

to walk in

ketin

She walked in.

He walked in.

ئەو هاتە ژوورەوە

He knocked on the door and walked in.

لێی لە دەرگاکە دا و چووە ژوورەوە.

*دووپاتکردنی پەیەکی کۆتایی* ئەگەر *فێربوونی کورت* بە *پەی-دەنگ-پەی* کۆتایی هەبێت، پەیەکی کۆتایی دووپات بکە و پاشان -ed زیاد بکە. "to stop" - "stopped" "to shop" - "shopped" بەڵام، پەیەکی کۆتایی دووپات مەکە ئەگەر فێربوون بە *w, x* یان *y* کۆتایی هەبێت. "to play" - "played" "to show" - "showed"

to stop

وەستان

The bus driver stopped suddenly.

we stopped

مە وەستا

We stopped playing soccer when it started to rain.

in the middle

لە ناوەڕاستدا

She placed the vase in the middle of the table.

the desert

چۆڵەوانی

The desert is very dry and salty.

We stopped in the middle of the desert.

Em li nîvê çolê sekinîn.

to play

lîstin

The violinist played beautifully.

She played guitar.

Wê gîtar lê da.

She played guitar at the concert.

to shop

بازاڕیکردن

They shopped a lot.

to show

پیشاندان

He showed me the way.

*Peyvên dirêjtir* Di peyvên dirêjtir de, heke heceya dawîn a lêkerê bi konsonant-dengdêr-konsonantekê bi dawî bibe û ew hece were tekez kirin, konsonantê dawîn du qat bikin û dûv re ed lê zêde bikin. "to prefer"- "preferred" "to travel"- "traveled"(Îngilîziya Amerîkî) an "travelled"(Îngilîziya Brîtanî) Lêbelê, heke li ser *heceya yekem zext hatibe kirin, tîpa dawîn du qat nekin.* "to enter"- "entered"

They entered.

ئەوان چوونە ژوورەوە

They entered the house.

to prefer

پێشخستن

I prefer alternative medicine.

to travel

گەشتکردن

We traveled a lot as children.

alone

تەنیا

He was alone that evening.

I traveled alone.

من بە تەنیا گەشتیم کرد.

I traveled to the USA alone.

preferred option

بژاردەی پەسەندکراو

Travelling by train would always be my preferred option.

last summer

هاوینی ڕابردوو

We met last summer.

He traveled by boat last summer.

Havîna borî wî bi keştiyê rêwîtî kir.

*Dawî diguherin* Heke lêker bi e bi dawî dibe, tenê *-d lê zêde bike.* "to create"- "created" "to live"- "lived" Eger lêker bi konsonantek + y bi dawî dibe, *y biguherîne i û -ed lê zêde bike.* "to try"- "tried" "to worry"- "worried" "to carry"- "carried"

to create

دروستکردن

He created an environment in which students can learn.

he created

ئەو دروستی کرد

He created his own website.

The company created a new app for learning languages.

کۆمپانیاکە ئەپێکی نوێی بۆ فێربوونی زمان دروست کرد.

to live

ژین

We lived abroad for six years.

We lived together.

Me bi hev re jiyan dikir.

We lived together for many years.

to worry

نیگەران بوون

She is worried about her interview, even though she did fine.

she worried

ئەو نیگەران بوو

My mum worried about me last week because I was ill.

to carry

هەڵگرتن

Let me carry your bags for you.

I carried the bag.

من جانتاکەم هەڵگرت

*Îfade - berê sade* Hin biwêj hene ku bi dema borî ya sade ve girêdayî ne: "yesterday" "last week/month/year/..." "ago"dûrbûna demkî îfade dike û her dem li dû biryarek demkî radiweste. eg. "one month ago""two weeks ago""a long time ago""the other day"

I cooked a vegan meal last weekend.

Dawiya hefteya borî min xwarineke vegan çêkir.

last weekend

کۆتایی هەفتەی ڕابردوو

I went hiking with my friends last weekend.

I studied a lot last night.

شەوی ڕابردوو زۆرم خوێند.

I played

من یاریم کرد

l played tennis alone.

I played a difficult game yesterday.

دوێنێ یارییەکی سەختم کرد.

to borrow

qerz girtin

Can I borrow your car?

two years ago

دوو ساڵ لەمەوبەر

We moved in two years ago.

He borrowed money from his parents two years ago.

Wî du sal berê ji dê û bavê xwe pere deyn kir.

to try

تاقیکردنەوە

She tried to contact her father.

to call

پەیوەندی کردن

I called you ten times!

I tried to call him three hours ago.

من سێ کاتژمێر لەمەوبەر هەوڵم دا پەیوەندیی پێوە بکەم.

*Lêkerên ku bi -d diqedin* Hin lêkerên ku bi -d diqedin, *-d* diguherînin *-t* . "to build"- "built" "to send"- "sent" "to bend"- "bent" "to spend"- "spent" Mînak "We built this house a long time ago.":

to build

ئاواکردن

Who built this house?

We built a house.

Me xaniyek ava kir.

to send

ناردن

I sent an email.

I sent you a message.

من پەیامێکم بۆ ناردیت.

to bend

چەماندنەوە

The tree branches bend in the wind.

to bend over

چەمانەوە

I bent over and picked up the coin.

The tree bent in the strong wind.

دارەکە لە بەر باى بەهێز چەماوە.

to spend

سەرفکردن

She spent a lot of money.

I spent all night studying.

من هەموو شەو بە خوێندنەوە بەسەر برد.

We spent a lot of money.

مە پارەیەکی زۆر خەرج کرد.

We spent a lot of money on the holidays.

*Borî ya Sade - hebûn an çûn* Lêkerên ne rêkûpêk *sê formên taybetî* hene ku divê hûn jiber bikin. Her çend piraniya lêkerên rêkûpêk ên Îngilîzî ji bo formên dema borî û beşdarbûna dengdêr dawiya *-ed* bi kar tînin jî, lêkerên ne rêkûpêk *her yek formên xwe yên dem û beşdarbûna dengdêr ên bêhempa hene.* Ew sê form jî ev in: 1. *Forma bingehîn* (lêkera ku hûn di ferhengê de dibînin) 2. *Forma borî ya sade* (ya ku hûn di vê qursê de fêr dibin) 3. *Forma radera borî* (em ê paşê fêr bibin ka meriv çawa vê bikar tîne) Fêrbûna her sê forman di heman demê de girîng e û pir hêsantir e. Werin em bi yên herî girîng dest pê bikin: "to be"- "was/were"- "been" "to go"- "went"- "gone"

to be

بوون

He was sad yesterday. We were happy yesterday.

I was there.

لەوێ بووم.

I was at the party yesterday.

scared

تۆقیو

She was scared to walk alone in the dark.

He was scared.

ئەو ترسابوو

He was scared when he heard the loud noise.

a feeling

هەستێک

I have a feeling that today will be a great day.

He was scared of his feelings.

ئەو لە هەستەکانی خۆی دەترسا.

to go

چوون

We went to the cinema last night.

he went

ئەو چوو

He went for a walk.

last Monday

دووشەممەی ڕابردوو

Last Monday we had an exam.

He went to Prague last Monday.

Duşema borî çû Pragê.

*Bêhtir lêkerên nerêkûpêk* Naha em li hin lêkerên din ên nerêkûpêk û formên wan ên rabirdûyê binêrin. "to have""had"--- "had" "to eat""ate"--- "eaten" "to come""came"--- "come" "to think""thought"--- "thought" "to give""gave"--- "given" "to forget"- "forgot"- "forgotten"

to have

هەبوون

I had no idea.

we had

مە هەبوو

We had a great time last weekend.

We had a great time.

کاتێکی زۆر خۆشمان بەسەر برد.

to eat

خواردن

I ate a while ago.

She ate an apple for breakfast.

Wê ji bo taştê sêvek xwar.

to come

hatin

I came home very late last night.

to think

fikirîn

I never thought I could do it.

I thought so.

من وا بیرم دەکردەوە.

I thought of you today.

ئەمڕۆ بیرم لێت کردەوە.

I thought of you today during my lunch break and smiled.

to give

dan

She gave him a book for his birthday.

The teacher gave us homework yesterday.

مامۆستا دوێنێ ئەرکی ماڵەوەی پێداین

to forget

بیرچوون

She forgot about it.

I forgot my keys.

من کلیلەکانم لەبیر چوو

to make

کردن

I made it myself.

I made a mistake.

من هەڵەیەکم کرد

We made it to the end!

ئێمە گەیشتینە کۆتایی!

*Dema borî - pirsyar* Pirsek di dema borî de bi zêdekirina lêkera alîkar "did"(dema borî ya "do") li destpêka hevokê tê çêkirin. Ev lêkera alîkar hemû fonksiyonên rêzimanî digire ser xwe, ji ber vê yekê lêkera semantîk dê berê di dema niha de be. "did"+ kirde + lêker (bêyî navdêra bêdawî "TO") + mayîya hevokê* "Did you like the concert?" Ka em li hin lêkerên nerêkûpêk ên din binêrin: "to know"- "knew"- "known" "to pay"- "paid"- "paid" "to sleep"- "slept"- "slept" "to keep"- "kept"- "kept" "to mean"- "meant"- "meant"

Did you know that?

Te ev dizanî?

Did you know that the Eiffel Tower can be 15 cm taller in the summer?

I knew it.

من دەمزانی

I knew it was true.

to pay

پێدان

Did you pay the bills last month?

He paid for me.

Ewî ji bo min da.

He paid for me at the restaurant.

to sleep

خەوتن

Did you sleep well?

He slept for ten hours last night.

Şeva borî deh saetan xewt.

Did he study?

ئایا ئەو خوێندوویەتی؟

Did he study before the exam?

to keep

هێشتنەوە

Did you keep my secret?

Did she go there?

ئایا ئەو چوو بۆ ئەوێ؟

to mean

واتا گەیاندن

Did they mean it?

I meant it.

من بە جدی بووم.

When I complimented your work, I meant it.

*Dema borî - înkar* Dema ku em dixwazin neyîniyek di dema borî de îfade bikin, em hevoka "did not"piştî mijarê bi kar tînin, û lêkera semantîk (lêkerek ku çalakiyek an bûyerek nîşan dide) di forma xwe ya bingehîn de dimîne. *kirde + "did not"+ lêker (bêdawî) + mayîya hevokê* "He did not do it." "We did not go there." *Ji bîr mekin ku "didn't"ew formeke kurtkirî ya . ye "did not".* Ka em li hin lêkerên nerêkûpêk ên din binêrin: "to feel"- "felt"- "felt" "to tell"- "told"- "told" "to wear"- "wore"- "worn"

I did not work yesterday.

Min duh nexebitî.

He didn't do it.

ئەو ئەوەی نەکرد

He didn't do his homework.

We did not go there.

Em neçûn wir.

to feel

hest kirin

I feel tired after the long day.

I did not feel it.

من هەستم پێ نەکرد

I did not feel pain.

to tell

گوتن

I told her you were coming.

She didn't tell me.

Wê ji min re negot.

She didn't tell me the truth.

the truth

راستی

You should tell the truth.

to wear

لەبەرکردن

I didn't wear a school uniform.

I did not sleep well.

من بەباشی نەنوستووم.

*Heman form* Carinan forma dema borî û forma bêdawî wekhev in. Werin em li van lêkeran binêrin da ku hûn tevlihev nebin! "to let"- "let"- "let" "to set"- "set"- "set" "to put"- "put"- "put" "to cut"- "cut"- "cut" "to cost"- "cost"- "cost" Bala xwe bidinê ku ev lêker dikarin li gorî çawaniya bikaranîna wan wateyên cuda hebin. Em ê hin ji wan fêr bibin.

to let

هێشتن

She let her friend use her phone.

Let it be.

با هەر وا بمێنێت.

She was upset about the argument, but I told her to let it be.

He let his dog sleep on the bed.

Wî hişt ku seya wî li ser nivînê razê.

to set

danîn

He set the ladder against the wall.

to set the table

sifreyê danîn

Can you help me set the table for dinner?

to set an example

بۆ نموونە بوون

The teacher always tries to set an example for her students.

She set the table for dinner.

Wê mase ji bo şîvê amade kir.

to put

دانان

He put his arms around her and held her tight.

I put the milk back in the fridge.

من شیرەکەم خستەوە ناو سەلاجەکە.

to cut

بڕین

I cut myself while shaving.

I cut my hair yesterday.

دوێنێ قژم بڕی.

Cut it out!

بەسی کە!

to cost

نرخ

This book costs ten dollars.

I bought a new phone, and it cost a lot of money.

من تەلەفۆنێکی نوێم کڕی و پارەیەکی زۆری تێچوو.

*Werin em vê qursê biqedînin!* Werin em vê qursê bi hin *lêkerên nerêkûpêk ên ku bi gelemperî têne bikar anîn* biqedînin ku dê ji we re bibin alîkar ku hûn ferhenga xwe berfireh bikin. "to choose""chose"--- "chosen" "to write""wrote"--- "written" "to take""took"--- "taken" "to see""saw"--- "seen" "to buy"- "bought"- "bought"