Runājot par pagātniAngļu vārdi

*Pagātnes vienkāršais laiks* Sāksim ar *pagātnes vienkāršo laiku.* Mēs to lietojam, lai runātu par *pabeigtām darbībām, kas notikušas kādā laika posmā pirms šī brīža.* Mēs atšķiram parastos un neregulāros darbības vārdus, kurus aplūkosim vēlāk. *Regulārie darbības vārdi pagātnes vienkāršajā formā: vairumam darbības vārdu pievieno "-ed":* "to talk" - "talked" "to finish" - "finished" "to listen" - "listened" "to relax" - "relaxed" "to knock" - "knocked" "to walk" -. "walked"
I finished the school project.
Es pabeidzu skolas projektu.
to listen
klausīties
We listened to some music.
he relaxed
viņš atpūtās
He relaxed during his vacation.
He listened to my advice and relaxed.
Viņš uzklausīja manu padomu un atpūtās.
We talked about our favorite movies.
Mēs runājām par savām mīļākajām filmām.
to knock
klauvēt
Who knocked at the door?
he knocked
viņš klauvēja
He knocked at the door.
to walk in
ienākt
She walked in.
He walked in.
Viņš ienāca.
He knocked on the door and walked in.
Viņš pieklauvēja pie durvīm un iegāja iekšā.
*Dubultojiet pēdējo burtu* Ja *īsais darbības* vārds beidzas ar *līdzskaņu-skaņu-skaņu*, dubultojiet pēdējo burtu un pēc tam pievienojiet -ed. "to stop" - "stopped" "to shop" - "shopped" Tomēr pēdējo burtu nedublējiet, ja darbības vārds beidzas ar *w, x* vai *y.* "to play" - "played" "to show" - "showed"
to stop
apstāties
The bus driver stopped suddenly.
we stopped
mēs apstājāmies
We stopped playing soccer when it started to rain.
in the middle
pa vidu
She placed the vase in the middle of the table.
the desert
tuksnesis
The desert is very dry and salty.
We stopped in the middle of the desert.
Mēs apstājāmies tuksneša vidū.
to play
spēlēt
The violinist played beautifully.
She played guitar.
Viņa spēlēja ģitāru.
She played guitar at the concert.
to shop
iepirkties
They shopped a lot.
to show
parādīt
He showed me the way.
*Garāki vārdi* Garākos vārdos, ja darbības vārda pēdējā zilbe beidzas ar līdzskaņu-skaņu-skaņu un šī zilbe ir uzsvērta, dubultojiet pēdējo līdzskani un pēc tam pievienojiet ed. "to prefer" - "preferred" "to travel" - "traveled" (amerikāņu angļu valodā) vai "travelled" (britu angļu valodā). Tomēr pēdējo burtu nedublējiet, ja *pirmā zilbe ir uzsvērta*. "to enter" - "entered"
They entered.
Viņi iegāja.
They entered the house.
to prefer
dot priekšroku
I prefer alternative medicine.
to travel
ceļot
We traveled a lot as children.
alone
viens
He was alone that evening.
I traveled alone.
Es ceļoju viens.
I traveled to the USA alone.
preferred option
vēlamais variants
Travelling by train would always be my preferred option.
last summer
pagājušajā vasarā
We met last summer.
He traveled by boat last summer.
Pagājušajā vasarā viņš ceļoja ar laivu.
*Nobeigumi mainās* Ja darbības vārds beidzas ar e, pievienojiet *-d.* "to create" - "created" "to live" - - "lived" Ja darbības vārds beidzas ar līdzskaņu + y, *mainiet y uz i un pievienojiet -ed.* "to try" - "tried" "to worry" - "worried" "to carry" - "carried"
to create
izveidot
He created an environment in which students can learn.
he created
viņš izveidoja
He created his own website.
The company created a new app for learning languages.
Uzņēmums izveidoja jaunu lietotni valodu apguvei.
to live
dzīvot
We lived abroad for six years.
We lived together.
Mēs dzīvojām kopā.
We lived together for many years.
to worry
uztraukties
She is worried about her interview, even though she did fine.
she worried
viņa uztraucās
My mum worried about me last week because I was ill.
to carry
nest
Let me carry your bags for you.
I carried the bag.
Es nesu somu.
*Izteicieni - pagātnes vienkāršā forma* Ir daži izteicieni, kas saistīti ar pagātnes vienkāršo laiku: "yesterday" "last week/month/year/..." "ago" izsaka laika distanci un vienmēr atrodas pēc laika noteikšanas. piem. "one month ago" "two weeks ago" "a long time ago" "the other day"
I cooked a vegan meal last weekend.
Pagājušajā nedēļas nogalē es gatavoju vegānisku maltīti.
last weekend
pagājušajā nedēļas nogalē
I went hiking with my friends last weekend.
I studied a lot last night.
Es vakar vakarā daudz mācījos.
I played
Es spēlēju
l played tennis alone.
I played a difficult game yesterday.
Vakar es spēlēju grūtu spēli.
to borrow
aizņemties
Can I borrow your car?
two years ago
pirms diviem gadiem
We moved in two years ago.
He borrowed money from his parents two years ago.
Viņš pirms diviem gadiem aizņēmās naudu no saviem vecākiem.
to try
mēģināt
She tried to contact her father.
to call
piezvanīt
I called you ten times!
I tried to call him three hours ago.
Es mēģināju viņam piezvanīt pirms trim stundām.
*Darbības vārdi, kas beidzas ar -d* Dažiem darbības vārdiem, kas beidzas ar -d, mainiet galotni *-d* uz *-t*. "to build" - "built" "to send" - "sent" "to bend" - "bent" "to spend" - "spent" Piemērs: "We built this house a long time ago."
to build
būvēt
Who built this house?
We built a house.
Mēs uzcēlām māju.
to send
nosūtīt
I sent an email.
I sent you a message.
Es jums nosūtīju ziņu.
to bend
locīt
The tree branches bend in the wind.
to bend over
pieliekties
I bent over and picked up the coin.
The tree bent in the strong wind.
Stiprajā vējā koks noliecās.
to spend
iztērēt
She spent a lot of money.
I spent all night studying.
Es visu nakti pavadīju mācoties.
We spent a lot of money.
Mēs iztērējām daudz naudas.
We spent a lot of money on the holidays.
*Pagātnes vienkāršā forma - būt vai iet* Nepareizajiem darbības vārdiem ir *trīs īpašas formas,* kas jums jāiegaumē. Lielākā daļa angļu valodas regulāro darbības vārdu pagātnes laikam un divdabja formām lieto galotni *-ed*, bet neregulārajiem darbības vārdiem *ir savas unikālas laikmeta formas un pagātnes divdabja formas.* Šīs trīs formas ir šādas: 1. *Pamata forma* (darbības vārda forma, kas atrodama vārdnīcā) 2. *Pagātnes vienkāršā forma* (to jūs apgūsiet šajā kursā). 3. *Pagātnes divdabja forma* (to mēs mācīsimies lietot vēlāk) Ir svarīgi un daudz vieglāk apgūt visas trīs formas vienlaicīgi. Sāksim ar svarīgākajām: "to be" - "was/were" - "been" "to go" - "went" - "gone"
to be
būt
He was sad yesterday. We were happy yesterday.
I was there.
Es tur biju.
I was at the party yesterday.
scared
nobijies
She was scared to walk alone in the dark.
He was scared.
Viņš bija pārbijies.
He was scared when he heard the loud noise.
a feeling
sajūta
I have a feeling that today will be a great day.
He was scared of his feelings.
Viņš baidījās no savām jūtām.
to go
iet
We went to the cinema last night.
he went
viņš aizgāja
He went for a walk.
last Monday
pagājušajā pirmdienā
Last Monday we had an exam.
He went to Prague last Monday.
Pagājušajā pirmdienā viņš devās uz Prāgu.
*Vēl neregulārie darbības vārdi* Tagad aplūkosim dažus citus neregulāros darbības vārdus un to pagātnes formas. "to have" - "had" - "had" "to eat" - "ate" - "eaten" "to come" - "came" - "come" "to think" - "thought" - "thought" "to give" - "gave" - "given" "to forget" - "forgot" - - "forgotten"
to have
būt
I had no idea.
we had
mums bija
We had a great time last weekend.
We had a great time.
Mēs lieliski pavadījām laiku.
to eat
ēst
I ate a while ago.
She ate an apple for breakfast.
Viņa brokastīs apēda ābolu.
to come
atnākt
I came home very late last night.
to think
domāt
I never thought I could do it.
I thought so.
Es tā arī domāju.
I thought of you today.
Es šodien par tevi domāju.
I thought of you today during my lunch break and smiled.
to give
dot
She gave him a book for his birthday.
The teacher gave us homework yesterday.
Skolotājs vakar mums uzdeva mājasdarbu.
to forget
aizmirst
She forgot about it.
I forgot my keys.
Es aizmirsu savas atslēgas.
to make
darīt
I made it myself.
I made a mistake.
Es pieļāvu kļūdu.
We made it to the end!
Mēs tikām līdz galam!
*Pagātnes laiks - jautājums* Jautājumu veido pagātnes laikā, teikuma sākumā pievienojot palīgdarbības vārdu "did" (pagātnes laiks "do"). Šis palīgdarbības vārds pārņem visas gramatiskās funkcijas, tāpēc semantiskais darbības vārds jau būs tagadnes laikā. "did" + priekšmets + darbības vārds (nenoteiksme bez "TO") + pārējā teikuma daļa*. "Did you like the concert?" Aplūkosim vēl dažus neregulāros darbības vārdus: "to know" - "knew" - "known" "to pay" - "paid" - "paid" "to sleep" - "slept" - "slept" "to keep" - "kept" - "kept" "to mean" - "meant" - . "meant"
Did you know that?
Vai tu to zināji?
Did you know that the Eiffel Tower can be 15 cm taller in the summer?
I knew it.
Es tā arī zināju.
I knew it was true.
to pay
samaksāt
Did you pay the bills last month?
He paid for me.
Viņš samaksāja par mani.
He paid for me at the restaurant.
to sleep
gulēt
Did you sleep well?
He slept for ten hours last night.
Viņš pagājušajā naktī gulēja desmit stundas.
Did he study?
Vai viņš mācījās?
Did he study before the exam?
to keep
saglabāt
Did you keep my secret?
Did she go there?
Vai viņa tur aizgāja?
to mean
nozīmēt
Did they mean it?
I meant it.
Es to domāju nopietni.
When I complimented your work, I meant it.
*Pagātnes laiks - noliegums* Ja vēlamies izteikt noliegumu pagātnes laikā, pēc temata lietojam frāzi "did not", bet semantiskais darbības vārds (darbības vārds, kas parāda darbību vai notikumu) paliek pamatformā. *priekšmets + "did not" + darbības vārds (nenoteiksme) + pārējā teikuma daļa* "He did not do it." "We did not go there." *Ņemiet vērā, ka "didn't" ir saīsinātā forma "did not".*. Aplūkosim vēl dažus neregulāros darbības vārdus: "to feel" - "felt" - "felt" "to tell" - "told" - "told" "to wear" - "wore" -. "worn"
I did not work yesterday.
Es vakar nestrādāju.
He didn't do it.
Viņš to neizdarīja.
He didn't do his homework.
We did not go there.
Mēs tur negājām.
to feel
just
I feel tired after the long day.
I did not feel it.
Es to nejutu.
I did not feel pain.
to tell
pateikt
I told her you were coming.
She didn't tell me.
Viņa man neteica.
She didn't tell me the truth.
the truth
patiesība
You should tell the truth.
to wear
valkāt
I didn't wear a school uniform.
I did not sleep well.
Es slikti gulēju.
*Tāda pati forma* Dažreiz pagātnes laika forma ir tāda pati kā nenoteiksmes forma. Aplūkosim šos darbības vārdus, lai jūs nesajauktu! "to let" - "let" - "let" "to set" - "set" - "set" "to put" - "put" - "put" "to cut" - "cut" - "cut" "to cost" - "cost" - . "cost" Ievērojiet, ka šiem darbības vārdiem var būt dažādas nozīmes atkarībā no to lietošanas veida. Mēs iemācīsimies dažus no tiem.
to let
ļaut
She let her friend use her phone.
Let it be.
Lai tā paliek.
She was upset about the argument, but I told her to let it be.
He let his dog sleep on the bed.
Viņš ļāva savam sunim gulēt gultā.
to set
novietot
He set the ladder against the wall.
to set the table
uzklāt galdu
Can you help me set the table for dinner?
to set an example
rādīt piemēru
The teacher always tries to set an example for her students.
She set the table for dinner.
Viņa uzklāja galdu vakariņām.
to put
likt
He put his arms around her and held her tight.
I put the milk back in the fridge.
Es ieliku pienu atpakaļ ledusskapī.
to cut
griezt
I cut myself while shaving.
I cut my hair yesterday.
Vakar es nogriezu matus.
Cut it out!
Beidz!
to cost
maksāt
This book costs ten dollars.
I bought a new phone, and it cost a lot of money.
Es nopirku jaunu telefonu, un tas maksāja daudz naudas.
*Pabeigsim šo kursu!* Noslēgsim šo kursu ar dažiem *biežāk lietotiem neregulāriem darbības vārdiem*, kas palīdzēs jums paplašināt vārdu krājumu. "to choose" - "chose" - "chosen" "to write" - "wrote" - "written" "to take" - "took" - "taken" "to see" - "saw" - "seen" "to buy" - "bought" - - "bought"
to choose
izvēlēties
He chose a seat facing the door.
They chose a movie to watch together.
Viņi izvēlējās filmu, ko skatīties kopā.
to write
rakstīt
I wrote my name on the paper.
She wrote a letter to her friend.
Viņa uzrakstīja vēstuli savai draudzenei.
to take
ņemt
It took us more than an hour to get there.
I took care of it.
Es par to parūpējos.
It took me an hour to finish my homework.
Man pagāja stunda, lai pabeigtu mājasdarbu.
to take a shower
iet dušā
I took a shower and went to work.
to buy
pirkt
She bought a dress for the party.
I bought a new laptop.
Es nopirku jaunu klēpjdatoru.
to see
redzēt
Jack saw Peter last weekend.
I saw you.
Es tevi redzēju.
I saw you at the park yesterday.
Choose wisely.
Izvēlies gudri.
Choose wisely your next course.
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