Ka hadalka wixii horeErayada Ingiriisiga

by DuoCards

*Xiisaddii Fudud ee Hore* Aan ku bilowno *xiisadii hore ee fudud.* Waxaan u isticmaalnaa si aan uga hadalno *ficillada la dhammaystiray ee ku dhacay waqti ka hor hadda.* Waxaynu kala saarna shaqallada caadiga ah iyo kuwa aan caadiga ahayn, kuwaas oo aynu dib u eegi doono. *Ficillada caadiga ah ee hore fudud: ku dar "-ed"falalka intooda badan:* "to talk"- "talked" "to finish"- "finished" "to listen"- "listened" "to relax"- "relaxed" "to knock"- "knocked" "to walk"- "walked"

I finished the school project.

Waan dhameeyay mashruucii dugsiga.

to listen

dhegeysi

We listened to some music.

he relaxed

wuu nastay

He relaxed during his vacation.

He listened to my advice and relaxed.

Wuu maqlay taladaydii, wuuna nastay.

We talked about our favorite movies.

Waxaan ka wada hadalnay filimada aan ugu jecelnahay.

to knock

garaacid

Who knocked at the door?

he knocked

wuu garaacay

He knocked at the door.

to walk in

gudaha u gal

She walked in.

He walked in.

Wuu soo galay.

He knocked on the door and walked in.

Albaabka ayuu garaacay, gudahana wuu u soo galay.

*Laba laab xarafka u dambeeya* Haddii *shaqal gaabani* uu ku dhammaado *shibbane-shaqaale-shibane* , laab laab xarafka u dambeeya ka dibna ku dar -ed. "to stop"- "stopped" "to shop"- "shopped" Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ha labanlaabmin xarafka u dambeeya haddii falku ku dhammaado *w, x* ama *y.* "to play"- "played" "to show"- "showed"

to stop

joojin

The bus driver stopped suddenly.

we stopped

waannu joogsannay

We stopped playing soccer when it started to rain.

in the middle

dhexda

She placed the vase in the middle of the table.

the desert

lama-degaanka

The desert is very dry and salty.

We stopped in the middle of the desert.

Waxaan ku joogsanay saxaraha dhexdiisa.

to play

ciyaarid

The violinist played beautifully.

She played guitar.

Waxay garaacaysay gitaarka.

She played guitar at the concert.

to shop

dukaamaysi

They shopped a lot.

to show

in la tuso

He showed me the way.

*Erayada dhaadheer* Erayada dheer, haddii shibbane shaqal-falku ku dhammaado shibbane-shaqaale-shaqeedkaas oo shibbanaha shaqalku ku dhammaado, labanlaab shibbanaha u dambeeya ka dibna ku dar ed. "to prefer"- "preferred" "to travel"- "traveled"(Ingiriisi Maraykan ah) ama "travelled"(Ingiriisi Ingiriis) Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ha labanlaabmin xarafka u dambeeya haddii *xarafka hore la adkeeyay.* "to enter"- "entered"

They entered.

Way soo galeen.

They entered the house.

to prefer

doorasho

I prefer alternative medicine.

to travel

safrid

We traveled a lot as children.

alone

keligiis

He was alone that evening.

I traveled alone.

Kalinigay ayaan safray.

I traveled to the USA alone.

preferred option

doorashada la doorbidayo

Travelling by train would always be my preferred option.

last summer

xagaagii hore

We met last summer.

He traveled by boat last summer.

Xagaagii hore wuxuu ku safray doon.

*Dhamaadka ayaa isbedelaya* Haddii falku ku dhammaado e, ku dar *-d.* "to create"- "created" "to live"- "lived" Haddii falku ku dhammaado shibbane + y, *u beddel y i oo ku dar -ed.* "to try"- "tried" "to worry"- "worried" "to carry"- "carried"

to create

in la abuuro

He created an environment in which students can learn.

he created

isaga ayaa abuuray

He created his own website.

The company created a new app for learning languages.

Shirkaddu waxay samaysay app cusub oo loogu talagalay barashada luuqadaha.

to live

noolaansho

We lived abroad for six years.

We lived together.

Waan wada noolayn.

We lived together for many years.

to worry

walwalid

She is worried about her interview, even though she did fine.

she worried

way walbashay

My mum worried about me last week because I was ill.

to carry

sidid

Let me carry your bags for you.

I carried the bag.

Bacda ayaan siday.

*Odhaah - ee la soo dhaafay fudud* Waxa jira tibaaxo gaar ah oo la xidhiidha xaaladdii fududayd ee hore: "yesterday" "last week/month/year/..." "ago"Muujinaya fogaanta ku meel gaadhka ah oo had iyo jeer taagan go'aaminta ku meel gaadhka ah ka dib. tusaale. "one month ago""two weeks ago""a long time ago""the other day"

I cooked a vegan meal last weekend.

Toddobaadkii hore ayaan kariyey cunto vegan ah.

last weekend

isbuucii la soo dhaafay

I went hiking with my friends last weekend.

I studied a lot last night.

Xalay aad baan u soo bartay.

I played

Waan ciyaaray

l played tennis alone.

I played a difficult game yesterday.

Shalay waxaan ciyaaray ciyaar adag.

to borrow

amaahasho

Can I borrow your car?

two years ago

laba sano ka hor

We moved in two years ago.

He borrowed money from his parents two years ago.

Laba sano ka hor ayuu lacag ka soo amaahday waalidkiis.

to try

isku dayid

She tried to contact her father.

to call

wacid

I called you ten times!

I tried to call him three hours ago.

Waxaan isku dayay inaan soo waco saddex saacadood ka hor.

*Falimaha ku dhamaanaya -d* Falimaha qaarkood ee ku dhammaada -d, u beddela *-d* ilaa *-t* . "to build"- "built" "to send"- "sent" "to bend"- "bent" "to spend"- "spent" Tusaale "We built this house a long time ago.":

to build

dhisid

Who built this house?

We built a house.

Guri ayaan dhisnay.

to send

dirid

I sent an email.

I sent you a message.

Farriin ayaan kuu soo diray.

to bend

laabi

The tree branches bend in the wind.

to bend over

foorarsasho

I bent over and picked up the coin.

The tree bent in the strong wind.

Geedku wuxuu u qaloocday dabaysha xooggan awgeed.

to spend

kharash gareyn

She spent a lot of money.

I spent all night studying.

Habeenkii oo dhan waxaan ku qaatay waxbarasho.

We spent a lot of money.

Lacag badan ayaan kharajinnay.

We spent a lot of money on the holidays.

*Hore Fudud - inaad ahaato ama aad tagto* Falal aan caadi ahayn waxay leeyihiin *saddex nooc oo gaar ah* oo aad u baahan tahay inaad xafiddo. Iyadoo inta badan falalka caadiga ah ee Ingiriisiga ay isticmaalaan dhammaadka *-ed* ee foomamka ka qaybqaata ee la soo dhaafay, falalka aan caadiga ahayn *mid kastaa wuxuu leeyahay foomamka kacsanaanta gaarka ah iyo ka qaybqaatayaashii hore.* Saddexda nooc waa: 1. *Foomka saldhiga* (falka aad ka helayso qaamuuska) 2. *Foomkii hore ee fudud* (kan aad ku baranayso koorsadan) 3. *Foomkii hore ee ka qaybqaadashada* (waxaan baran doonaa sida tan loo isticmaalo gadaal) Waa muhiim oo aad bay u fududahay in la barto dhammaan saddexda nooc isku mar. Aan ku bilowno kuwa ugu muhiimsan: "to be""was/were"-- "been" "to go""went""gone"--

to be

ahaansho

He was sad yesterday. We were happy yesterday.

I was there.

Halkaas ayaan joogay.

I was at the party yesterday.

scared

baqdin

She was scared to walk alone in the dark.

He was scared.

Wuu cabsanaa.

He was scared when he heard the loud noise.

a feeling

dareen

I have a feeling that today will be a great day.

He was scared of his feelings.

Wuxuu ka baqayay dareenadiisa.

to go

tagid

We went to the cinema last night.

he went

wuu tagay

He went for a walk.

last Monday

Isniintii hore

Last Monday we had an exam.

He went to Prague last Monday.

Isniintii hore ayuu aaday Prague.

*Falal aan caadi ahayn oo badan* Haddaba aynu eegno qaar kale oo fal-faleedyada aan caadiga ahayn iyo qaabkoodii hore. "to have""had"-- "had" "to eat""ate"-- "eaten" "to come""came"-- "come" "to think""thought"-- "thought" "to give""gave"-- "given" "to forget""forgot""forgotten"--

to have

in la haysto

I had no idea.

we had

waxaan lahayn

We had a great time last weekend.

We had a great time.

Waqti fiican ayaan soo qaadanay.

to eat

cunto

I ate a while ago.

She ate an apple for breakfast.

Quraacda waxay ku cuntay tufaax.

to come

imaansho

I came home very late last night.

to think

fikirid

I never thought I could do it.

I thought so.

Sidaas ayaan u maleeyay.

I thought of you today.

Maanta ayaan kugu fikiray.

I thought of you today during my lunch break and smiled.

to give

siin

She gave him a book for his birthday.

The teacher gave us homework yesterday.

Macallinku shalay wuxuu na siiyay shaqo guri.

to forget

iloobid

She forgot about it.

I forgot my keys.

Waan ilaaway furayaashaydii.

to make

in la sameeyo

I made it myself.

I made a mistake.

Khalad ayaan sameeyay.

We made it to the end!

Ugu dambayn waan guulaysannay!

*Waqti hore - su'aal* Su'aal ayaa la sameeyay xilli hore iyadoo lagu darayo falka kaaliyaha ah "did"(xeerka hore ee "do") bilowga jumlada. Falkan kaalmaynta ahi waxa uu la wareegayaa dhammaan hawlaha naxwaha, sidaa awgeed falka semantic waxa uu horeba u ahaan doonaa wakhtiga xaadirka ah. "did"+ mawduuc + fal (aan dhammaad lahayn "TO") + jumlada inteeda kale* "Did you like the concert?" Aynu eegno qaar kale oo fal aan caadi ahayn: "to know""knew"-- "known" "to pay""paid"-- "paid" "to sleep""slept"-- "slept" "to keep""kept"-- "kept" "to mean""meant""meant"--

Did you know that?

Ma ogayd taas?

Did you know that the Eiffel Tower can be 15 cm taller in the summer?

I knew it.

Waan ogaa.

I knew it was true.

to pay

bixin

Did you pay the bills last month?

He paid for me.

Isaga ayaa ii bixiyay.

He paid for me at the restaurant.

to sleep

hurdo

Did you sleep well?

He slept for ten hours last night.

Xalay wuxuu hurday toban saacadood.

Did he study?

Muu wax bartay?

Did he study before the exam?

to keep

in la hayo

Did you keep my secret?

Did she go there?

Halkaas ma tagtay?

to mean

inuu u lajeedo

Did they mean it?

I meant it.

Dhab ayaan ka lahaa.

When I complimented your work, I meant it.

*Xiisadii hore - diidmo* Marka aynu rabno in aynu muujino diidmo wakhti hore, waxa aynu isticmaalnaa odhaahda "did not"mawduuca ka dib, falka semantic (fal muujinaya fal ama dhacdo) waxa uu ahaanayaa qaabkiisa aasaasiga ah. *mawduuc "did not"++ fal (aan dhamayn) + jumlada inteeda kale* "He did not do it." "We did not go there." *Ogow taasi "didn't"waa qaab gaaban oo "did not".* Aynu eegno qaar kale oo fal aan caadi ahayn: "to feel""felt"-- "felt" "to tell""told"-- "told" "to wear""wore""worn"--

I did not work yesterday.

Shalay ma aanan shaqayn.

He didn't do it.

Isagu ma uu samayn.

He didn't do his homework.

We did not go there.

Halkaas ma aanan tegin.

to feel

dareemid

I feel tired after the long day.

I did not feel it.

Ma aanan dareemin.

I did not feel pain.

to tell

u sheegid

I told her you were coming.

She didn't tell me.

Iyadu iima sheegin.

She didn't tell me the truth.

the truth

runta

You should tell the truth.

to wear

xidhasho

I didn't wear a school uniform.

I did not sleep well.

Si fiican uma seexan.

*Qaab isku mid ah* Mararka qaarkood qaabkii hore ee xamaasadda ayaa la mid ah qaabka aan dhammaadka lahayn. Aan eegno ficiladan si aadan u wareerin! "to let""let"-- "let" "to set""set"-- "set" "to put""put"-- "put" "to cut""cut"-- "cut" "to cost""cost"-- "cost" Fiiro u yeelo in ficilladani ay yeelan karaan macnayaal kala duwan iyadoo ku xiran hadba sida loo isticmaalo. Waxaan baran doonaa qaar ka mid ah.

to let

u ogolaansho

She let her friend use her phone.

Let it be.

Isku daa.

She was upset about the argument, but I told her to let it be.

He let his dog sleep on the bed.

Wuxuu u oggolaaday eeygiisa inuu ku seexdo sariirta.

to set

dhigid

He set the ladder against the wall.

to set the table

miiska in la dhigo

Can you help me set the table for dinner?

to set an example

inuu tusaale noqdo

The teacher always tries to set an example for her students.

She set the table for dinner.

Waxay miiska u dhigtay cashada.

to put

in la dhigo

He put his arms around her and held her tight.

I put the milk back in the fridge.

Caanihii waxaan dib ugu celiyay talaagada.

to cut

goyn

I cut myself while shaving.

I cut my hair yesterday.

Shalay ayaan timaha iska jaray.

Cut it out!

Jooji waxaas!

to cost

qiimayn

This book costs ten dollars.

I bought a new phone, and it cost a lot of money.

Waxaan iibsaday taleefan cusub, lacag badan ayaana iiga baxday.

*Aan soo koobno koorsadan!* Aan ku soo koobno koorsadan qaar ka mid ah *erayada sida caadiga ah loo isticmaalo* kuwaas oo kaa caawin doona balaadhinta erayadaada. "to choose""chose"-- "chosen" "to write""wrote"-- "written" "to take""took"-- "taken" "to see""saw"-- "seen" "to buy""bought""bought"--