Govoriti o prošlostiEngleske reči

by DuoCards

*Прошло једноставно време* Почнимо са *прошлим простим временом.* Користимо га да говоримо о *завршеним радњама које су се догодиле у временском периоду пре садашњег тренутка.* Разликујемо правилне и неправилне глаголе, што ћемо касније размотрити. *Правилни глаголи у прошлом једноставном времену: додајте "-ed"већини глагола:* "to talk"- "talked" "to finish"- "finished" "to listen"- "listened" "to relax"- "relaxed" "to knock"- "knocked" "to walk"- "walked"

I finished the school project.

Završio sam školski projekat.

to listen

slušati

We listened to some music.

he relaxed

odmarao se

He relaxed during his vacation.

He listened to my advice and relaxed.

Poslušao je moj savet i odmorio se.

We talked about our favorite movies.

Razgovarali smo o našim omiljenim filmovima.

to knock

kucati

Who knocked at the door?

he knocked

pokucao je

He knocked at the door.

to walk in

ući

She walked in.

He walked in.

Ušao je.

He knocked on the door and walked in.

Pokucao je na vrata i ušao unutra.

*Удвостручите последње слово* Ако се *кратки глагол* завршава са *сугласник-самогласник-сугласник* , удвостручите последње слово, а затим додајте -ed. "to stop"- "stopped" "to shop"- "shopped" Међутим, немојте удвостручити последње слово ако се глагол завршава на *w, x* или *y.* "to play"- "played" "to show"- "showed"

to stop

zaustaviti

The bus driver stopped suddenly.

we stopped

stali smo

We stopped playing soccer when it started to rain.

in the middle

u sredini

She placed the vase in the middle of the table.

the desert

pustinja

The desert is very dry and salty.

We stopped in the middle of the desert.

Stali smo usred pustinje.

to play

igrati

The violinist played beautifully.

She played guitar.

Svirala je gitaru.

She played guitar at the concert.

to shop

kupovati

They shopped a lot.

to show

pokazati

He showed me the way.

*Дуже речи* У дужим речима, ако се последњи слог глагола завршава са сугласник-самогласник-сугласник и тај слог је наглашен, удвостручите последњи сугласник, а затим додајте ed. "to prefer"- "preferred" "to travel"- "traveled"(амерички енглески) или "travelled"(британски енглески) Међутим, немојте удвостручити последње слово ако *је први слог наглашен.* "to enter"- "entered"

They entered.

Ušli su.

They entered the house.

to prefer

preferirati

I prefer alternative medicine.

to travel

putovati

We traveled a lot as children.

alone

sam

He was alone that evening.

I traveled alone.

Putovao sam sam.

I traveled to the USA alone.

preferred option

omiljena opcija

Travelling by train would always be my preferred option.

last summer

prošlo leto

We met last summer.

He traveled by boat last summer.

Prošlog leta je putovao brodom.

*Завршеци се мењају* Ако се глагол завршава на е, само се додаје *-d.* "to create"- "created" "to live"- "lived" Ако се глагол завршава на сугласник + y, *промените y у i и додајте -ed.* "to try"- "tried" "to worry"- "worried" "to carry"- "carried"

to create

stvoriti

He created an environment in which students can learn.

he created

on je stvorio

He created his own website.

The company created a new app for learning languages.

Kompanija je napravila novu aplikaciju za učenje jezika.

to live

živeti

We lived abroad for six years.

We lived together.

Živeli smo zajedno.

We lived together for many years.

to worry

brinuti se

She is worried about her interview, even though she did fine.

she worried

brinula se

My mum worried about me last week because I was ill.

to carry

nositi

Let me carry your bags for you.

I carried the bag.

Nosio sam torbu.

*Изрази - прошли једноставни* Постоје одређени изрази повезани са прошлим простим временом: "yesterday" "last week/month/year/..." "ago"изражава временску дистанцу и увек стоји после временског одређења. на пример. "one month ago""two weeks ago""a long time ago""the other day"

I cooked a vegan meal last weekend.

Prošlog vikenda sam kuvao vegansko jelo.

last weekend

prošli vikend

I went hiking with my friends last weekend.

I studied a lot last night.

Sinoć sam mnogo učio.

I played

Igrao sam

l played tennis alone.

I played a difficult game yesterday.

Juče sam igrao tešku igru.

to borrow

pozajmiti

Can I borrow your car?

two years ago

pre dve godine

We moved in two years ago.

He borrowed money from his parents two years ago.

Pozajmio je novac od svojih roditelja pre dve godine.

to try

probati

She tried to contact her father.

to call

pozvati

I called you ten times!

I tried to call him three hours ago.

Pokušao sam da ga pozovem pre tri sata.

*Глаголи који се завршавају на -д* Неки глаголи који се завршавају на -д мењају *-д* у *-т* . "to build"- "built" "to send"- "sent" "to bend"- "bent" "to spend"- "spent" Пример: "We built this house a long time ago."

to build

graditi

Who built this house?

We built a house.

Sazidali smo kuću.

to send

poslati

I sent an email.

I sent you a message.

Poslao sam vam poruku.

to bend

савити

The tree branches bend in the wind.

to bend over

sagnuti se

I bent over and picked up the coin.

The tree bent in the strong wind.

Drvo se savilo na jakom vetru.

to spend

potrošiti

She spent a lot of money.

I spent all night studying.

Proveo sam celu noć učeći.

We spent a lot of money.

Potrošili smo mnogo novca.

We spent a lot of money on the holidays.

*Past Simple - бити или ићи* Неправилни глаголи имају *три специфична облика* која треба да запамтите. Док већина енглеских правилних глагола користи завршетак *-ed* за прошло време и партицип, неправилни глаголи *имају своје јединствене временске облике и партиципе прошле године.* Три облика су: 1. *Основни облик* (глагол који налазите у речнику) 2. *Прошло једноставно време* (онај који учите на овом курсу) 3. *Облик партиципа прошлог времена* (како се користи касније, научићемо како да га користимо) Важно је и много је лакше научити сва три облика истовремено. Почнимо са најважнијима: "to be"- "was/were"- "been" "to go"- "went"- "gone"

to be

biti

He was sad yesterday. We were happy yesterday.

I was there.

Bio sam tamo.

I was at the party yesterday.

scared

uplašen

She was scared to walk alone in the dark.

He was scared.

Bio je uplašen.

He was scared when he heard the loud noise.

a feeling

osećaj

I have a feeling that today will be a great day.

He was scared of his feelings.

Plašio se svojih osećanja.

to go

ići

We went to the cinema last night.

he went

on je išao

He went for a walk.

last Monday

prošli ponedeljak

Last Monday we had an exam.

He went to Prague last Monday.

Prošlog ponedeljka je išao u Prag.

*Више неправилних глагола* Хајде сада да погледамо неке друге неправилне глаголе и њихове облике у прошлости. "to have"- "had"- "had" "to eat"- "ate"- "eaten" "to come"- "came"- "come" "to think"- "thought"- "thought" "to give"- "gave"- "given" "to forget"- "forgot"- "forgotten"

to have

imati

I had no idea.

we had

imali smo

We had a great time last weekend.

We had a great time.

Sjajno smo se proveli.

to eat

jesti

I ate a while ago.

She ate an apple for breakfast.

Pojela je jabuku za doručak.

to come

doći

I came home very late last night.

to think

razmišljati

I never thought I could do it.

I thought so.

Tako sam i mislio.

I thought of you today.

Danas sam mislio na tebe.

I thought of you today during my lunch break and smiled.

to give

dati

She gave him a book for his birthday.

The teacher gave us homework yesterday.

Učitelj nam je juče dao domaći zadatak.

to forget

zaboraviti

She forgot about it.

I forgot my keys.

Zaboravio sam ključeve.

to make

raditi

I made it myself.

I made a mistake.

Napravio sam grešku.

We made it to the end!

Uspeli smo do kraja!

*Прошло време - питање* "did""do"Упитно глаголско ... "did"+ субјекат + глагол (инфинитив без "TO") + остатак реченице* "Did you like the concert?" Хајде да погледамо још неке неправилне глаголе: "to know"- "knew"- "known" "to pay"- "paid"- "paid" "to sleep"- "slept"- "slept" "to keep"- "kept"- "kept" "to mean"- "meant"- "meant"

Did you know that?

Да ли сте знали то?

Did you know that the Eiffel Tower can be 15 cm taller in the summer?

I knew it.

Znao sam.

I knew it was true.

to pay

platiti

Did you pay the bills last month?

He paid for me.

Platio je za mene.

He paid for me at the restaurant.

to sleep

spavati

Did you sleep well?

He slept for ten hours last night.

Sinoć je spavao deset sati.

Did he study?

Da li je studirao?

Did he study before the exam?

to keep

sačuvati

Did you keep my secret?

Did she go there?

Da li je otišla tamo?

to mean

značiti

Did they mean it?

I meant it.

Mislio sam ozbiljno.

When I complimented your work, I meant it.

*Прошло време - негација* Када желимо да изразимо негацију у прошлом времену, користимо фразу "did not"после субјекта, а семантички глагол (глагол који показује радњу или догађај) остаје у свом основном облику. *субјекат + "did not"+ глагол (инфинитив) + остатак реченице* "He did not do it." "We did not go there." *Имајте на уму да "didn't"је то скраћени облик од "did not".* Хајде да погледамо још неке неправилне глаголе: "to feel"- "felt"- "felt" "to tell"- "told"- "told" "to wear"- "wore"- "worn"

I did not work yesterday.

Juče nisam radio.

He didn't do it.

On to nije uradio.

He didn't do his homework.

We did not go there.

Nismo otišli tamo.

to feel

osećati

I feel tired after the long day.

I did not feel it.

Nisam to osetio.

I did not feel pain.

to tell

reći

I told her you were coming.

She didn't tell me.

Nije mi rekla.

She didn't tell me the truth.

the truth

istina

You should tell the truth.

to wear

nositi

I didn't wear a school uniform.

I did not sleep well.

Nisam dobro spavao.

*Исти образац* Понекад је облик прошлог времена исти као и облик инфинитива. Хајде да погледамо ове глаголе како се не бисте збунили! "to let"- "let"- "let" "to set"- "set"- "set" "to put"- "put"- "put" "to cut"- "cut"- "cut" "to cost"- "cost"- "cost" Обратите пажњу да ови глаголи могу имати различита значења у зависности од тога како се користе. Научићемо нека од њих.

to let

ostaviti

She let her friend use her phone.

Let it be.

Pusti to.

She was upset about the argument, but I told her to let it be.

He let his dog sleep on the bed.

Pustio je svog psa da spava na krevetu.

to set

postaviti

He set the ladder against the wall.

to set the table

postaviti sto

Can you help me set the table for dinner?

to set an example

давати пример

The teacher always tries to set an example for her students.

She set the table for dinner.

Postavila je sto za večeru.

to put

staviti

He put his arms around her and held her tight.

I put the milk back in the fridge.

Vratio sam mleko u frižider.

to cut

seći

I cut myself while shaving.

I cut my hair yesterday.

Juče sam se ošišala.

Cut it out!

Prekini s tim!

to cost

koštati

This book costs ten dollars.

I bought a new phone, and it cost a lot of money.

Kupio sam novi telefon i koštao je mnogo novca.

*Хајде да завршимо овај курс!* Хајде да завршимо овај курс са неким *чешће коришћеним неправилним глаголима* који ће вам помоћи да проширите свој речник. "to choose"- "chose"- "chosen" "to write"- "wrote"- "written" "to take"- "took"- "taken" "to see"- "saw"- "seen" "to buy"- "bought"- "bought"