Pag-uusap tungkol sa nakaraanMga salitang Ingles

by DuoCards

*Ang Past Simple Tense* Magsimula tayo sa *past simple tense.* Ginagamit namin ito upang pag-usapan ang tungkol sa *mga nakumpletong pagkilos na nangyari sa isang yugto ng panahon bago ngayon.* Nakikilala natin ang mga regular at hindi regular na pandiwa, na titingnan natin sa ibang pagkakataon. *Mga regular na pandiwa sa nakalipas na simple: idagdag "-ed"sa karamihan ng mga pandiwa:* "to talk"- "talked" "to finish"- "finished" "to listen"- "listened" "to relax"- "relaxed" "to knock"- "knocked" "to walk"- "walked"

I finished the school project.

Natapos ko na ang proyekto sa paaralan.

to listen

makinig

We listened to some music.

he relaxed

nagpahinga siya

He relaxed during his vacation.

He listened to my advice and relaxed.

Nakinig siya sa payo ko at nagpahinga.

We talked about our favorite movies.

Pinag-usapan namin ang aming mga paboritong pelikula.

to knock

kumatok

Who knocked at the door?

he knocked

kumatok siya

He knocked at the door.

to walk in

pumasok

She walked in.

He walked in.

Pumasok siya.

He knocked on the door and walked in.

Kumatok siya sa pinto at pumasok.

*Doblehin ang huling titik* Kung ang isang *maikling pandiwa* ay nagtatapos sa isang *katinig-patinig-katinig* , i-double ang huling titik at pagkatapos ay idagdag ang -ed. "to stop"- "stopped" "to shop"- "shopped" Gayunpaman, huwag doblehin ang huling titik kung ang pandiwa ay nagtatapos sa *w, x* o *y.* "to play"- "played" "to show"- "showed"

to stop

huminto

The bus driver stopped suddenly.

we stopped

tumigil kami

We stopped playing soccer when it started to rain.

in the middle

sa gitna

She placed the vase in the middle of the table.

the desert

ang disyerto

The desert is very dry and salty.

We stopped in the middle of the desert.

Tumigil kami sa gitna ng disyerto.

to play

maglaro

The violinist played beautifully.

She played guitar.

Tumugtog siya ng gitara.

She played guitar at the concert.

to shop

mamili

They shopped a lot.

to show

ipakita

He showed me the way.

*Mas mahabang salita* Sa mas mahabang salita, kung ang huling pantig ng pandiwa ay nagtatapos sa isang katinig-patinig-katinig at ang pantig na iyon ay binibigyang diin, doblehin ang huling katinig at pagkatapos ay idagdag ang ed. "to prefer"- "preferred" "to travel"- "traveled"(American English) o "travelled"(British English) Gayunpaman, huwag doblehin ang huling titik kung ang *unang pantig ay binibigyang diin.* "to enter"- "entered"

They entered.

Pumasok sila.

They entered the house.

to prefer

mas gusto

I prefer alternative medicine.

to travel

maglakbay

We traveled a lot as children.

alone

mag-isa

He was alone that evening.

I traveled alone.

Naglakbay ako nang mag-isa.

I traveled to the USA alone.

preferred option

pinipiling opsyon

Travelling by train would always be my preferred option.

last summer

noong nakaraang tag-init

We met last summer.

He traveled by boat last summer.

Naglakbay siya gamit ang bangka noong nakaraang tag-init.

*Nagbabago ang mga wakas* Kung ang pandiwa ay nagtatapos sa e, idagdag lamang *ang -d.* "to create"- "created" "to live"- "lived" Kung ang pandiwa ay nagtatapos sa isang katinig + y, *palitan ang y sa i at idagdag ang -ed.* "to try"- "tried" "to worry"- "worried" "to carry"- "carried"

to create

lumikha

He created an environment in which students can learn.

he created

nilikha niya

He created his own website.

The company created a new app for learning languages.

Gumawa ang kumpanya ng bagong app para sa pag-aaral ng mga wika.

to live

mabuhay

We lived abroad for six years.

We lived together.

Nagsama kami.

We lived together for many years.

to worry

mag-alala

She is worried about her interview, even though she did fine.

she worried

nag-alala siya

My mum worried about me last week because I was ill.

to carry

magdala

Let me carry your bags for you.

I carried the bag.

Binuhat ko ang bag.

*Mga expression - past simple* Mayroong ilang mga expression na nauugnay sa past simple tense: "yesterday" "last week/month/year/..." "ago"nagpapahayag ng temporal na distansya at palaging nakatayo pagkatapos ng temporal na pagpapasiya. hal. "one month ago""two weeks ago""a long time ago""the other day"

I cooked a vegan meal last weekend.

Nagluto ako ng pagkaing vegan noong nakaraang katapusan ng linggo.

last weekend

noong nakaraang linggo

I went hiking with my friends last weekend.

I studied a lot last night.

Nag-aral ako nang mabuti kagabi.

I played

Naglaro ako

l played tennis alone.

I played a difficult game yesterday.

Naglaro ako ng mahirap na laro kahapon.

to borrow

humiram

Can I borrow your car?

two years ago

dalawang taon na ang nakalilipas

We moved in two years ago.

He borrowed money from his parents two years ago.

Hiram siya ng pera sa kanyang mga magulang dalawang taon na ang nakalipas.

to try

subukan

She tried to contact her father.

to call

tumawag

I called you ten times!

I tried to call him three hours ago.

Sinubukan ko siyang tawagan tatlong oras na ang nakalipas.

*Mga pandiwa na nagtatapos sa -d* Ang ilang mga pandiwa na nagtatapos sa -d, palitan ang *-d* sa *-t* . "to build"- "built" "to send"- "sent" "to bend"- "bent" "to spend"- "spent" Halimbawa: "We built this house a long time ago."

to build

magtayo

Who built this house?

We built a house.

Nagpatayo kami ng bahay.

to send

isumite

I sent an email.

I sent you a message.

Nagpadala ako sa iyo ng mensahe.

to bend

baluktutin

The tree branches bend in the wind.

to bend over

yumuko

I bent over and picked up the coin.

The tree bent in the strong wind.

Yumuko ang puno sa lakas ng hangin.

to spend

gumastos

She spent a lot of money.

I spent all night studying.

Nagpuyat ako buong gabi sa pag-aaral.

We spent a lot of money.

Malaking pera ang nagastos namin.

We spent a lot of money on the holidays.

*Past Simple - upang maging o upang pumunta* Ang mga hindi regular na pandiwa ay may *tatlong tiyak na anyo* na kailangan mong isaulo. Habang ang karamihan sa mga regular na pandiwa sa Ingles ay gumagamit ng ending *-ed* para sa past tense at participle forms, ang mga irregular verbs *ay may kanya-kanyang natatanging tense form at past participle.* Ang tatlong anyo ay: 1. *Batayang anyo* (ang pandiwa na makikita mo sa diksyunaryo) 2. *Nakaraan na simpleng anyo* (ang iyong natututuhan sa kursong ito) 3. *Past participle form* (matututuhan natin kung paano ito gamitin sa ibang pagkakataon) Ito ay mahalaga at mas madaling matutunan ang lahat ng tatlong mga form sa parehong oras. Magsimula tayo sa pinakamahalaga: "to be"- "was/were"- "been" "to go"- "went"- "gone"

to be

maging

He was sad yesterday. We were happy yesterday.

I was there.

Nandoon ako.

I was at the party yesterday.

scared

natatakot

She was scared to walk alone in the dark.

He was scared.

Natakot siya.

He was scared when he heard the loud noise.

a feeling

isang pakiramdam

I have a feeling that today will be a great day.

He was scared of his feelings.

Natatakot siya sa kanyang mga nararamdaman.

to go

pumunta

We went to the cinema last night.

he went

pumunta siya

He went for a walk.

last Monday

noong nakaraang Lunes

Last Monday we had an exam.

He went to Prague last Monday.

Pumunta siya sa Prague noong nakaraang Lunes.

*Higit pang mga hindi regular na pandiwa* Ngayon tingnan natin ang ilang iba pang hindi regular na pandiwa at ang kanilang mga nakaraang anyo. "to have"- "had"- "had" "to eat"- "ate"- "eaten" "to come"- "came"- "come" "to think"- "thought"- "thought" "to give"- "gave"- "given" "to forget"- "forgot"- "forgotten"

to have

magkaroon

I had no idea.

we had

nagkaroon kami

We had a great time last weekend.

We had a great time.

Nagkaroon kami ng magandang oras.

to eat

kumain

I ate a while ago.

She ate an apple for breakfast.

Kumain siya ng mansanas para sa almusal.

to come

dumating

I came home very late last night.

to think

mag-isip

I never thought I could do it.

I thought so.

Sabi ko na nga ba.

I thought of you today.

Naisip kita ngayong araw.

I thought of you today during my lunch break and smiled.

to give

magbigay

She gave him a book for his birthday.

The teacher gave us homework yesterday.

Binigyan kami ng guro ng takdang-aralin kahapon.

to forget

makalimot

She forgot about it.

I forgot my keys.

Nakalimutan ko ang mga susi ko.

to make

gumawa

I made it myself.

I made a mistake.

Nagkamali ako.

We made it to the end!

Nakarating din tayo sa dulo!

*Past tense - tanong* Ang isang tanong ay nabuo sa past tense sa pamamagitan ng pagdaragdag ng auxiliary verb "did"(past tense of "do") sa simula ng pangungusap. Ang auxiliary verb na ito ay tumatagal sa lahat ng grammatical function, kaya ang semantic verb ay nasa kasalukuyang tense na. "did"+ paksa + pandiwa (infinitive without "TO") + ang natitirang bahagi ng pangungusap* "Did you like the concert?" Tingnan natin ang ilang higit pang hindi regular na pandiwa: "to know"- "knew"- "known" "to pay"- "paid"- "paid" "to sleep"- "slept"- "slept" "to keep"- "kept"- "kept" "to mean"- "meant"- "meant"

Did you know that?

Alam mo ba iyon?

Did you know that the Eiffel Tower can be 15 cm taller in the summer?

I knew it.

Alam ko na.

I knew it was true.

to pay

magbayad

Did you pay the bills last month?

He paid for me.

Binayaran niya ang para sa akin.

He paid for me at the restaurant.

to sleep

matulog

Did you sleep well?

He slept for ten hours last night.

Natulog siya nang sampung oras kagabi.

Did he study?

Nag-aral ba siya?

Did he study before the exam?

to keep

panatilihin

Did you keep my secret?

Did she go there?

Pumunta ba siya roon?

to mean

mangahulugan

Did they mean it?

I meant it.

Totoo ang sinabi ko.

When I complimented your work, I meant it.

*Past tense - negation* Kapag gusto nating magpahayag ng negasyon sa nakalipas na panahunan, ginagamit natin ang parirala "did not"pagkatapos ng paksa, at ang semantikong pandiwa (isang pandiwa na nagpapakita ng kilos o kaganapan) ay nananatili sa pangunahing anyo nito. *paksa + "did not"+ pandiwa (infinitive) + natitirang bahagi ng pangungusap* "He did not do it." "We did not go there." *Tandaan na ito "didn't"ay isang maikling anyo ng "did not".* Tingnan natin ang ilang higit pang hindi regular na pandiwa: "to feel"- "felt"- "felt" "to tell"- "told"- "told" "to wear"- "wore"- "worn"

I did not work yesterday.

Hindi ako nagtrabaho kahapon.

He didn't do it.

Hindi niya ginawa iyon.

He didn't do his homework.

We did not go there.

Hindi kami pumunta roon.

to feel

maramdaman

I feel tired after the long day.

I did not feel it.

Hindi ko naramdaman iyon.

I did not feel pain.

to tell

sabihin

I told her you were coming.

She didn't tell me.

Hindi niya sinabi sa akin.

She didn't tell me the truth.

the truth

ang katotohanan

You should tell the truth.

to wear

magsuot

I didn't wear a school uniform.

I did not sleep well.

Hindi ako nakatulog nang maayos.

*Ang parehong anyo* Minsan ang past tense form ay kapareho ng infinitive form. Tingnan natin ang mga pandiwang ito para hindi ka malito! "to let"- "let"- "let" "to set"- "set"- "set" "to put"- "put"- "put" "to cut"- "cut"- "cut" "to cost"- "cost"- "cost" Pansinin na ang mga pandiwang ito ay maaaring magkaroon ng iba't ibang kahulugan depende sa kung paano sila ginagamit. Matututuhan natin ang ilan sa mga ito.

to let

hayaan

She let her friend use her phone.

Let it be.

Hayaan mo na lang.

She was upset about the argument, but I told her to let it be.

He let his dog sleep on the bed.

Pinatulog niya ang kanyang aso sa kama.

to set

ilagay

He set the ladder against the wall.

to set the table

maghanda ng hapag-kainan

Can you help me set the table for dinner?

to set an example

magpakita ng halimbawa

The teacher always tries to set an example for her students.

She set the table for dinner.

Inihanda niya ang hapag-kainan para sa hapunan.

to put

maglagay

He put his arms around her and held her tight.

I put the milk back in the fridge.

Ibinalik ko ang gatas sa loob ng refrigerator.

to cut

pumutol

I cut myself while shaving.

I cut my hair yesterday.

Nagpagupit ako ng buhok kahapon.

Cut it out!

Tigilan mo 'yan!

to cost

magkakahalaga

This book costs ten dollars.

I bought a new phone, and it cost a lot of money.

Bumili ako ng bagong telepono, at napakamahal nito.

*Tapusin na natin ang kursong ito!* Tapusin natin ang kursong ito ng ilang mas *karaniwang ginagamit na hindi regular na pandiwa* na tutulong sa iyong palawakin ang iyong bokabularyo. "to choose"- "chose"- "chosen" "to write"- "wrote"- "written" "to take"- "took"- "taken" "to see"- "saw"- "seen" "to buy"- "bought"- "bought"