O'tmish haqida gaplashishInglizcha so'zlar

by DuoCards

*O'tgan oddiy zamon* Keling, *o'tgan oddiy zamon bilan boshlaylik.* Biz *undan oldingi vaqt ichida sodir bo'lgan bajarilgan harakatlar haqida gapirish uchun foydalanamiz.* Biz muntazam va tartibsiz fe'llarni ajratamiz, ularni keyinroq ko'rib chiqamiz. *O'tmishdagi oddiy fe'llar: "-ed"ko'pchilik fe'llarga qo'shing:* "to talk"- "talked" "to finish"- "finished" "to listen"- "listened" "to relax"- "relaxed" "to knock"- "knocked" "to walk"- "walked"

I finished the school project.

Maktab loyihasini tugatdim.

to listen

eshitmoq

We listened to some music.

he relaxed

u dam oldi

He relaxed during his vacation.

He listened to my advice and relaxed.

U mening maslahatimga quloq soldi va dam oldi.

We talked about our favorite movies.

Biz sevimli filmlarimiz haqida gaplashdik.

to knock

taqillatmoq

Who knocked at the door?

he knocked

u taqillatdi

He knocked at the door.

to walk in

ichkariga kirmoq

She walked in.

He walked in.

U ichkariga kirdi.

He knocked on the door and walked in.

U eshikni taqillatdi va ichkariga kirdi.

*Oxirgi harfni ikki marta* Agar *qisqa fe'l* *undosh-unli-undosh* bilan tugasa, oxirgi harfni ikki barobarga qo'shing va keyin -ed qo'shing. "to stop"- "stopped" "to shop"- "shopped" Biroq, agar fe'l *w, x* yoki *y bilan tugasa, oxirgi harfni ikki baravar oshirmang.* "to play"- "played" "to show"- "showed"

to stop

to'xtatish

The bus driver stopped suddenly.

we stopped

biz to'xtadik

We stopped playing soccer when it started to rain.

in the middle

o'rtasida

She placed the vase in the middle of the table.

the desert

cho'l

The desert is very dry and salty.

We stopped in the middle of the desert.

Biz cho'lning o'rtasida to'xtadik.

to play

o'ynamoq

The violinist played beautifully.

She played guitar.

U gitara chalgan.

She played guitar at the concert.

to shop

xarid qilmoq

They shopped a lot.

to show

ko'rsatmoq

He showed me the way.

*Uzunroq so'zlar* Uzunroq so‘zlar bilan aytganda, fe’lning oxirgi bo‘g‘ini undosh-unli-undosh bilan tugasa va bu bo‘g‘in urg‘uli bo‘lsa, oxirgi undoshni ikki barobar qilib, keyin ed qo‘shing. "to prefer"- "preferred" "to travel"- "traveled"(Amerika ingliz) yoki "travelled"(Britaniya ingliz) Biroq, agar *birinchi bo'g'in urg'ulangan bo'lsa, oxirgi harfni ikki marta oshirmang.* "to enter"- "entered"

They entered.

Ular kirishdi.

They entered the house.

to prefer

afzal ko'rmoq

I prefer alternative medicine.

to travel

sayohat qilmoq

We traveled a lot as children.

alone

yolg'iz

He was alone that evening.

I traveled alone.

Men yolg'iz sayohat qildim.

I traveled to the USA alone.

preferred option

ma'qul ko'rilgan variant

Travelling by train would always be my preferred option.

last summer

o'tgan yoz

We met last summer.

He traveled by boat last summer.

O'tgan yozda u kemada sayohat qildi.

*Tugashlar o'zgaradi* Agar fe'l e bilan tugasa, shunchaki *-d qo'shing.* "to create"- "created" "to live"- "lived" Agar fe'l + y undoshi bilan tugasa, *y ni i ga o'zgartiring va -ed qo'shing.* "to try"- "tried" "to worry"- "worried" "to carry"- "carried"

to create

yaratmoq

He created an environment in which students can learn.

he created

u yaratdi

He created his own website.

The company created a new app for learning languages.

Kompaniya tillarni o'rganish uchun yangi ilova yaratdi.

to live

yashamoq

We lived abroad for six years.

We lived together.

Biz birga yashaganmiz.

We lived together for many years.

to worry

xavotir olmoq

She is worried about her interview, even though she did fine.

she worried

u xavotirda edi

My mum worried about me last week because I was ill.

to carry

ko'tarib yurmoq

Let me carry your bags for you.

I carried the bag.

Men sumkani ko'tarib bordim.

*Ifodalar - o'tgan oddiy* O'tgan sodda zamon bilan bog'liq ba'zi iboralar mavjud: "yesterday" "last week/month/year/..." "ago"vaqtinchalik masofani ifodalaydi va har doim vaqtinchalik aniqlashdan keyin turadi. masalan. "one month ago""two weeks ago""a long time ago""the other day"

I cooked a vegan meal last weekend.

O'tgan dam olish kunlari men vegan taom tayyorladim.

last weekend

o'tgan dam olish kunlari

I went hiking with my friends last weekend.

I studied a lot last night.

Kecha kechqurun ko'p dars qildim.

I played

Men o'ynadim

l played tennis alone.

I played a difficult game yesterday.

Kecha men qiyin o'yin o'ynadim.

to borrow

qarzga olmoq

Can I borrow your car?

two years ago

ikki yil oldin

We moved in two years ago.

He borrowed money from his parents two years ago.

U ikki yil oldin ota-onasidan qarz olgan edi.

to try

harakat qilib ko'rmoq

She tried to contact her father.

to call

qo'ng'iroq qilmoq

I called you ten times!

I tried to call him three hours ago.

Men unga uch soat oldin qo'ng'iroq qilishga harakat qildim.

*-d harfi bilan tugagan fe'llar* -d bilan tugaydigan ba'zi fe'llar *-d* ni *-t* ga o'zgartiradi. "to build"- "built" "to send"- "sent" "to bend"- "bent" "to spend"- "spent" Misol: "We built this house a long time ago."

to build

qurmoq

Who built this house?

We built a house.

Biz uy qurdik.

to send

yubormoq

I sent an email.

I sent you a message.

Sizga xabar yubordim.

to bend

egmoq

The tree branches bend in the wind.

to bend over

egilmoq

I bent over and picked up the coin.

The tree bent in the strong wind.

Kuchli shamolda daraxt egilib ketdi.

to spend

sarflash

She spent a lot of money.

I spent all night studying.

Men tuni bilan dars qilib chiqdim.

We spent a lot of money.

Biz juda ko'p pul sarfladik.

We spent a lot of money on the holidays.

*Past Simple - bo'lish yoki borish* Noqonuniy fe'llarning *uchta o'ziga xos shakli* bor, ularni eslab qolish kerak. Ingliz tilidagi oddiy fe'llarning aksariyati o'tgan zamon va kesim shakllari uchun *-ed* tugashini ishlatsa, tartibsiz fe'llarning *har biri o'ziga xos zamon shakllari va o'tgan zamon shakllariga ega.* Uchta shakl: 1. *Asosiy shakl* (lug'atda topilgan fe'l) 2. *Past oddiy shakl* (siz ushbu kursda o'rganayotganingiz) 3. *O‘tgan zamon shakli* (buni qanday ishlatishni keyinroq bilib olamiz) Barcha uch shaklni bir vaqtning o'zida o'rganish muhim va ancha oson. Eng muhimlaridan boshlaylik: "to be"- "was/were"- "been" "to go"- "went"- "gone"

to be

bo'lmoq

He was sad yesterday. We were happy yesterday.

I was there.

Men u yerda edim.

I was at the party yesterday.

scared

qo'rqqan

She was scared to walk alone in the dark.

He was scared.

U qo'rqib ketgan edi.

He was scared when he heard the loud noise.

a feeling

tuyg'u

I have a feeling that today will be a great day.

He was scared of his feelings.

U o'z tuyg'ularidan qo'rqardi.

to go

bormoq

We went to the cinema last night.

he went

u bordi

He went for a walk.

last Monday

o'tgan dushanba

Last Monday we had an exam.

He went to Prague last Monday.

O'tgan dushanba kuni u Pragaga bordi.

*Ko'proq tartibsiz fe'llar* Keling, boshqa tartibsiz fe'llar va ularning o'tmishdagi shakllarini ko'rib chiqaylik. "to have"- "had"- "had" "to eat"- "ate"- "eaten" "to come"- "came"- "come" "to think"- "thought"- "thought" "to give"- "gave"- "given" "to forget"- "forgot"- "forgotten"

to have

ega bo'lmoq

I had no idea.

we had

bizda bor edi

We had a great time last weekend.

We had a great time.

Biz vaqtimizni juda yaxshi o'tkazdik.

to eat

yemoq

I ate a while ago.

She ate an apple for breakfast.

U nonushtaga olma yedi.

to come

kelmoq

I came home very late last night.

to think

o'ylamoq

I never thought I could do it.

I thought so.

Shunday deb o'ylagandim.

I thought of you today.

Bugun sizni o'yladim.

I thought of you today during my lunch break and smiled.

to give

bermoq

She gave him a book for his birthday.

The teacher gave us homework yesterday.

Kecha o'qituvchi bizga uy vazifasini berdi.

to forget

unutmoq

She forgot about it.

I forgot my keys.

Kalitlarimni esdan chiqaribman.

to make

qilmoq

I made it myself.

I made a mistake.

Xato qildim.

We made it to the end!

Biz oxiriga yetib keldik!

*O'tgan zamon - savol* So‘roq "did""do"gap boshiga yordamchi fe’l (-ning o‘tgan zamoni) qo‘shilishi bilan o‘tgan zamonda yasaladi. Bu yordamchi fe'l barcha grammatik funktsiyalarni o'z zimmasiga oladi, shuning uchun semantik fe'l allaqachon hozirgi zamonda bo'ladi. "did"+ mavzu + fe'l (infinitiv holda "TO") + gapning qolgan qismi* "Did you like the concert?" Keling, yana bir nechta tartibsiz fe'llarni ko'rib chiqaylik: "to know"- "knew"- "known" "to pay"- "paid"- "paid" "to sleep"- "slept"- "slept" "to keep"- "kept"- "kept" "to mean"- "meant"- "meant"

Did you know that?

Buni bilarmidingiz?

Did you know that the Eiffel Tower can be 15 cm taller in the summer?

I knew it.

Buni bilardim.

I knew it was true.

to pay

to'lamoq

Did you pay the bills last month?

He paid for me.

U men uchun to'ladi.

He paid for me at the restaurant.

to sleep

uxlamoq

Did you sleep well?

He slept for ten hours last night.

U kecha o'n soat uxladi.

Did he study?

U o'qidimi?

Did he study before the exam?

to keep

saqlab qolmoq

Did you keep my secret?

Did she go there?

U yerga bordimi?

to mean

anglatmoq

Did they mean it?

I meant it.

Men jiddiy aytgan edim.

When I complimented your work, I meant it.

*O‘tgan zamon - inkor* Inkorni o‘tgan zamonda ifodalamoqchi bo‘lganimizda, "did not"predmetdan keyin so‘z birikmasini qo‘llaymiz va semantik fe’l (harakat yoki hodisani ko‘rsatuvchi fe’l) asosiy shaklida qoladi. *mavzu + "did not"+ fe'l (infinitiv) + gapning qolgan qismi* "He did not do it." "We did not go there." *E'tibor bering, bu "didn't"ning qisqa shakli "did not".* Keling, yana bir nechta tartibsiz fe'llarni ko'rib chiqaylik: "to feel"- "felt"- "felt" "to tell"- "told"- "told" "to wear"- "wore"- "worn"

I did not work yesterday.

Kecha ishlamadim.

He didn't do it.

U buni qilmadi.

He didn't do his homework.

We did not go there.

Biz u yerga bormadik.

to feel

his qilmoq

I feel tired after the long day.

I did not feel it.

Men buni his qilmadim.

I did not feel pain.

to tell

aytmoq

I told her you were coming.

She didn't tell me.

U menga aytmadi.

She didn't tell me the truth.

the truth

haqiqat

You should tell the truth.

to wear

kiymoq

I didn't wear a school uniform.

I did not sleep well.

Men yaxshi uxlay olmadim.

*Xuddi shu shakl* Baʼzan oʻtgan zamon shakli infinitiv shakli bilan bir xil boʻladi. Keling, adashmaslik uchun ushbu fe'llarni ko'rib chiqaylik! "to let"- "let"- "let" "to set"- "set"- "set" "to put"- "put"- "put" "to cut"- "cut"- "cut" "to cost"- "cost"- "cost" E'tibor bering, bu fe'llar qanday ishlatilishiga qarab turli xil ma'nolarga ega bo'lishi mumkin. Biz ulardan ba'zilarini o'rganamiz.

to let

qoldirmoq

She let her friend use her phone.

Let it be.

Shundayligicha qolsin.

She was upset about the argument, but I told her to let it be.

He let his dog sleep on the bed.

U itining karavotda uxlashiga ruxsat berdi.

to set

joylashtirmoq

He set the ladder against the wall.

to set the table

dasturxon yozmoq

Can you help me set the table for dinner?

to set an example

o'rnak bo'lmoq

The teacher always tries to set an example for her students.

She set the table for dinner.

U kechki ovqat uchun dasturxon yozdi.

to put

qo'ymoq

He put his arms around her and held her tight.

I put the milk back in the fridge.

Sutni yana muzlatgichga qo'ydim.

to cut

kesmoq

I cut myself while shaving.

I cut my hair yesterday.

Kecha sochimni kestirdim.

Cut it out!

To'xta(t), Bas qil! Bo'ldi!

to cost

turmoq

This book costs ten dollars.

I bought a new phone, and it cost a lot of money.

Yangi telefon sotib oldim, u juda qimmatga tushdi.

*Keling, ushbu kursni yakunlaymiz!* Keling, ushbu kursni so'z boyligingizni kengaytirishga yordam beradigan *ko'proq ishlatiladigan tartibsiz fe'llar* bilan yakunlaylik. "to choose"- "chose"- "chosen" "to write"- "wrote"- "written" "to take"- "took"- "taken" "to see"- "saw"- "seen" "to buy"- "bought"- "bought"