Tolstoy to Dostoyevsky certainly if you talk about abortion up to 20 weeks of pregnancy there is no consciousness at all they call the

impossible burger because people think it's impossible that this could not be made to taste so much like me

hi this is YouTube show for book lovers book person can usually tell in Russian

I'm master EDA and today here I'm with Peter cinder hi Peter

hi you have been multiple times called one of the most influential or even the

most influential philosopher of our time what do you think is their all philosophy today I think philosophy should help people to think clearly but

it should also help people to think clearly about important issues that face us so I don't think it should be purely academic for people in the university I

think we have to confront particularly the ethical issues because ethics has

always been an important part of philosophy the the ethical issues that face us in the 21st century in the kind of society that we're living in with the

particular problems that we have what are the most important ones well I think

the existence of extreme poverty hundreds of millions of people living

without really enough to meet their basic needs in a world in which there

was also a great deal of affluence that is one very important problem I have

also been interested for a long time in the way we treat animals and although many people think this is not such an important problem when you consider that

there are something like 70 billion animals raised and killed for food each year if we are inflicting unnecessary suffering on those animals then that is

a big problem and thirdly of course I think we can't escape the fact that we are changing the climate of our planet

and that is a huge global problem I think we'll discuss all of those

problems let's start with the first one global poverty and I'd like to start by

discussing effective altruism I'm sure that this is the most important topic

that we could share with our viewers today and first of all let's start with

some elevator pitch of effective altruism could you please explain what

it is in brief for those that don't know about it so our effective altruism firstly is clearly altruism that is it's the idea that one of our goals should be

to do good generally to make the world a better place not necessarily that that's

the only thing we can do that's too saintly but that that should be an important part of our lives and secondly that whatever resources we are going to

put towards this whether it's money or time or skills or energy we should try

to get the best value out of that so we should try to do the most good that we can not just to say I'm doing some good but saying am I doing the most good that

I could with the resources that I'm putting into trying to make the world a better place but sometimes you choose not between two good things but between

and evil and less evil thing right well of course people do but I'm like in the

trolley problem yes I sometimes we're in situations so that's what you're saying that we we don't have any other choice right we can only choose between

something that is very bad or something that is still bad but less bad that may

be a situation that we're in unfortunately and then yes we should treat use choose to do the least harm that we can because now we have for

example the problem of animal rights the problem of starving people children in

Africa and we cannot save everybody so we have to decide what is more important

and so to say sacrifice some other things well we can certainly do what we

can to avoid there being a conflict but the interests of starving people in

Africa or wherever they might be and the interests of animals in not suffering so

I think we have to try to find solutions that produce a reasonable harmony in the

interests of animals and humans wherever we can but I agree in the end sometimes it's not going to be possible and then we have to decide how much animal

suffering are we prepared to accept in order to prevent some human suffering and I don't accept the view that humans always take priority over animals I