Wat het begin en is steeds aan die gang?Engelse woorde

by DuoCards

*Die Verlede Deelwoord* Welkom by die kursus waar ons gaan gesels oor dinge wat in die verlede begin het en in die hede voortduur! As 'n opwarming gaan ons deur 'n paar *onreëlmatige werkwoorde* wat jy dalk reeds ken. Hulle word gewoonlik in *'n lys van drie vorme getoon: die infinitief, die verlede enkelvoud en die verlede deelwoord.* Kom ons kyk na hierdie voorbeelde: "to see"- "saw"- "seen" "to meet"- "met"- "met" "to say"- "said"- "said"

to meet

om te ontmoet

I have met him before.

I have met...

Ek het... ontmoet

I have met this guy before.

We have met before.

Ons het al voorheen ontmoet.

I thought I recognized you; we have met before at the conference.

before

voor

I always brush my teeth before going to bed.

They have not met before.

Hulle het mekaar nog nie ontmoet nie.

the influence

die invloed

Don't let him influence you!

Travel has influenced my life.

Reis het my lewe beïnvloed.

I have said...

Ek het gesê...

I have said a few words.

I have said this many times before.

Ek het dit al baie keer vantevore gesê.

I have seen

Ek het gesien

I have seen him before.

Ek het hom al voorheen gesien.

She has not seen him before.

Sy het hom nog nie voorheen gesien nie.

*Het jy vandag Memo gesien?* Die teenwoordige voltooid vorm word gevorm uit die *teenwoordige tyd van die werkwoord "HAVE"en die* verlede deelwoord van 'n werkwoord *. * Ons gebruik die teenwoordige voltooid: * 1. Vir iets wat* in die verlede begin het en in die hede voortduur *: "She has lived in Liverpool all her life." 2. 2. Wanneer ons praat oor* ons ervaring tot op hede *: "I have seen that movie before." 3. Vir iets wat* in die verlede gebeur het, maar in die hede belangrik is*: "I can't get in the house. I have lost my keys." Onreëlmatige werkwoorde wat jy in hierdie afdeling sal leer: "to know"- "knew"- "known" "to lose"- "lost"- "lost"

Have you seen him?

Het jy hom gesien?

he has seen

hy het gesien

He has seen the movie.

He has seen many things.

Hy het al baie dinge gesien.

I have lived

Ek het gewoon

I have lived in Paris my whole life.

I have lived here all my life.

Ek woon al my hele lewe lank hier.

to lose

verloor

I've lost the game.

we have lost

ons het verloor

We have lost the keys.

the appetite

die eetlus

I have lost my appetite.

my whole life

my hele lewe

My whole life I've been trying to deal with it.

I've known him my whole life.

Ek ken hom al my lewe lank.

*Die huidige perfekte tyd vir vrae* Wanneer 'n vraag in die huidige volmaakte tyd gevra word, *kom die hulpwerkwoord eerste* , gevolg deur die onderwerp, en dan die verlede deelwoord van die hoofwerkwoord. "Have you eaten dinner yet?" "Has the party started?" Jy kan ook oop vrae maak met die huidige perfek: "Where have you been?" Onreëlmatige werkwoorde wat jy in hierdie afdeling sal leer: "to hear""heard"-- "heard" "to do""did"-- "done"

Has it started?

Het dit al begin?

Has the movie started?

Have we met?

Het ons al ontmoet?

Have we met before?

to hear

om te hoor

Can you hear me well?

Have you heard of it?

Het jy daarvan gehoor?

Have you heard of it before?

to fail a class

om in 'n vak te druip

How many times have you failed a class?

Have you visited France?

Het jy al Frankryk besoek?

foreign countries

buitelandse lande

What foreign countries have you visited?

What have you done?

Wat het jy gedoen?

What have you done to me?

*Die huidige perfekte tyd vir negatiewe* Om die huidige volmaakte tyd in die negatief te gebruik, voeg eenvoudig die negatiewe woord (soos nie of nooit) *na die hulpwerkwoord maar voor die verlede deelwoord by.* "I have not slept well since exams started." Onreëlmatige werkwoorde wat jy in hierdie afdeling sal leer: "to sleep""slept"-- "slept" "to speak"- "spoke"- "spoken"

to sleep well

lekker slaap

I have not slept well since exams started.

I have not slept all night.

Ek het die hele nag nie geslaap nie.

He has never seen it.

Hy het dit nog nooit gesien nie.

My friend has never seen the ocean.

I haven't seen him today.

Ek het hom vandag nog nie gesien nie.

to speak

om te praat

He hasn't spoken to me yet.

She has spoken to the teacher about the problem.

Sy het met die onderwyser oor die probleem gepraat.

I have not done it.

Ek het dit nie gedoen nie.

I have not done it because I was busy with other things.

to reply

om te antwoord

She has not replied to my message yet.

We have never been there.

Ons was nog nooit daar nie.

We have never been to Australia.

to reach

bereik

The jury has not reached a verdict yet.

to receive an update

om 'n opdatering te ontvang

We haven’t received any updates on our project.

*Nooit ooit!* Ons gebruik dikwels die bywoord "ever"om oor *ervaring tot nou toe* te praat: "It was the worst day I have ever had." en ons gebruik "never"vir die *negatiewe vorm* : "I have never met his wife."

I have never seen you before.

Ek het jou nog nooit vantevore gesien nie.

Have you ever heard of it?

Het jy al ooit daarvan gehoor?

a song

’n liedjie

I love this song!

I have heard that song before.

Ek het daardie liedjie al voorheen gehoor.

Have you been here before?

Was jy al voorheen hier?

You have never been here before.

Jy was nog nooit vantevore hier nie.

to say

om te sê

What did he say about the party?

We have never said that.

Ons het dit nog nooit gesê nie.

never ever

nooit weer nie

I promise to never ever do it again.

*"Have been and have gone"* Ons gebruik "have/has been"wanneer iemand *na 'n plek gegaan het en teruggekeer het* : A: "Where have you been?" B: "I have just been out to the supermarket." Maar wanneer iemand *nie teruggekeer* het nie, gebruik ons "have/has gone": A: "Where's Maria? I haven't seen her for weeks." B: "She's gone to Paris for a week. She'll be back tomorrow." *Kennisgewing:* "I have"= "I've" "She has"= "she's" Die eenvoudige verlede tyd en die verlede deelwoord van die werkwoorde "to be"en "to go": "to be"- "was"/ "were"- "been" "to go"- "went"- "gone"

Where have you been?

Waar was jy?

I've been...

Ek was...

I've been to Germany before.

I've been to the grocery.

Ek was by die kruidenierswinkel.

I’ve been to the grocery, and I bought some fresh fruits.

I've been here before.

Ek was al voorheen hier.

As I entered the museum, I remembered, "I've been here before."

she has been

sy was

She has been to Germany before.

Has she been to Australia before?

Was sy al voorheen in Australië?

he has gone

hy is weg

He has gone to work.

He has gone to school.

Hy is skool toe.

They've gone too far.

Hulle het te ver gegaan.

*"Already" of "yet" ?* "Already" gebruik met die present perfect* beteken *voor nou*. Ons gebruik dit om te beklemtoon dat *iets het voor iets anders gebeur* of vroeër as verwag. "The train has left already!" "Yet" gebruik met die present perfect* beteken *op enige tyd tot nou*. Ons gebruik dit om te beklemtoon dat ons verwag dat iets binnekort sal gebeur. Yet (in hierdie konteks) word slegs gebruik in *negatiewe sinne en vrae.* "I haven't finished it yet. I'll do it after dinner." Onreëlmatige werkwoorde wat jy in hierdie afdeling sal leer: "to leave" - "left" - "left" "to win" - "won" - "won" "to sell" - "sold" - "sold"

He has already left.

Hy het reeds vertrek.

He hasn't left yet.

Hy het nog nie vertrek nie.

to win

om te wen

We haven't won yet.

They have won the game today.

Hulle het vandag die wedstryd gewen.

We've met already.

Ons het al ontmoet.

We haven't met yet.

Ons het mekaar nog nie ontmoet nie.

Have you met Ted?

Ken jy vir Ted?

to sell

verkoop

Have you sold your car already?

to finish

om te voltooi

Have you finished your homework yet?

I've already been here.

Ek was al hier.

I’ve already been here, so I know the way to the park.

We have sold our old car.

Ons het ons ou motor verkoop.

*Teenwoordige Perfek Deurlopend* Die teenwoordige voltooide kontinue word gevorm met "have/has been"en die "-ing"vorm van die werkwoord. Ons gebruik gewoonlik hierdie tydvorm om te beklemtoon dat *iets steeds in die teenwoordige tyd voortduur* : "It's been raining for hours." "I've been working all day." Kennisgewing: "it has"= "it's" "I have"= "I've"

I've been studying for hours.

Ek studeer al ure lank.

all day

die hele dag

It's been raining all day.

My father has been working all day.

My pa werk al die hele dag.

to talk

praat

Are you talking to me?

You've been talking too much.

Jy praat te veel.

lately

die laaste tyd

She hasn't been looking too well lately.

I haven't been feeling well lately.

Ek voel die afgelope tyd nie baie goed nie.

recently

onlangs

She has recently started a new job.

She has been helping us recently.

Sy help ons onlangs.

Have you been seeing her?

Sien jy haar?

She has been seeing him for weeks now.

Sy sien hom nou al vir weke.

*Hoe om die Teenwoordige Perfek Deurlopende Tyd te gebruik?* Ons gebruik die "Present Perfect Continuous tense"om te praat oor aksie wat in die verlede begin het en onlangs gestaak het. Daar is gewoonlik nou 'n resultaat. "I'm tired because I've been running." Onreëlmatige werkwoorde wat jy in hierdie afdeling sal leer: "to understand"- "understood"- "understood" "to run"- "ran"- "run" "to think"- "thought"- "thought"

It's been raining.

Dit reën al.

wet

nat

My clothes are wet from water.

the grass

die gras

Dogs wallowed on the grass.

The grass is wet because it's been raining.

Die gras is nat omdat dit gereën het.

Have you been listening?

Het jy geluister?

Have you been listening to the lesson?

to understand

om te verstaan

You don't understand because you haven't been listening.

They have understood the rules of the game.

Hulle het die reëls van die spel verstaan.

a face

'n gesig

She has such a nice face.

to run

hardloop

The dogs run across the road.

He has run three marathons in his life.

Hy het al drie marathons in sy lewe gehardloop.

Her face is red because she's been running.

Haar gesig is rooi omdat sy gehardloop het.

to think

om te dink

I have thought about this recently.

I've been thinking about you.

Ek het aan jou gedink.

I've been thinking about you since our last conversation.

Ons gebruik dikwels FOR en SINCE met perfekte tye: Ons gebruik for om oor 'n tydperk te praat: Ons gebruik since om oor 'n punt in die verlede te praat:

I have been studying for three hours.

Ek studeer al vir drie uur.

since March

sedert Maart

I've been seeing him since March.

She has been visiting us since March.

Sy besoek ons al sedert Maart.

since then

sedertdien

I moved to a new city last year, and since then, I have made many new friends.

I have been watching TV since 7pm.

Ek kyk al sedert 7-uur die aand TV.

for a long time

vir 'n lang tyd

She's been living in New York for a long time now.

He has been playing football for a long time.

Hy speel al lank sokker.

since I left school

sedert ek die skool verlaat het

I have been unemployed since I left school.

I've been living in Berlin since I left school.

Ek woon al in Berlyn sedert ek die skool verlaat het.

since yesterday

sedert gister

I have been tired since yesterday.

It's been raining since yesterday.

Dit reën al sedert gister.

*Teenwoordige volmaakte eenvoudige of aaneenlopende tyd?* Ons gebruik beide die *teenwoordige volmaakte eenvoudige ("have" of "has" + verlede deelwoord)* en die "teenwoordige volmaakte aaneenlopende" ("have" of "has" + "been" + "-ing" vorm)* om oor verlede aksies of toestande te praat wat steeds *gekoppel is aan die hede.* Die teenwoordige volmaakte eenvoudige fokus gewoonlik op die resultaat van die aktiwiteit. "You've cleaned the bathroom! It looks lovely!" Die teenwoordige volmaakte aaneenlopende fokus gewoonlik op die aktiwiteit self. "I've been gardening. It's so nice out there." Onreëlmatige werkwoorde wat jy in hierdie afdeling sal leer: "to write" - "wrote" - "written" "to read" - "read" - "read" "to have" - "had" - "had" "to grow" - "grew" - "grown"

I've been writing e-mails.

Ek was besig om e-posse te skryf.

I've been writing emails the whole day.

to write an email

om 'n e-pos te skryf

I've written you an email.

I have written my homework, so now I can play outside.

Ek het my huiswerk klaargemaak, so nou kan ek buite gaan speel.

Has it been raining?

Het dit gereën?

The grass looks wet. Has it been raining?

to read a book

om 'n boek te lees

She's read ten books this summer.

lovely

bekoorlik

The children have cleaned the kitchen. It looks lovely!

I have had

ek het gehad

I have had a great time at the party.

We have had this car for five years.

Ons het hierdie motor al vyf jaar.

I've had three coffees already today!

Ek het vandag al drie koppies koffie gedrink!

to grow

groei

My cousin has grown so much since I saw her two years ago.

you have grown

jy het grootgeword

You have grown so much since I last saw you!

Jy het so baie gegroei vandat ek jou laas gesien het!

I've been waiting for you.

Ek het vir jou gewag.

They've been waiting for hours.

*Wanneer om nie die teenwoordige voltooide tyd te gebruik nie* Moenie die voltooide teenwoordige tyd met 'n spesifieke tyd gebruik nie. Dit kan egter verwarrend wees, want *jy kan die voltooide teenwoordige tyd met 'n breë tydsperiode gebruik.* Die voltooide teenwoordige tyd is slegs *verkeerd as dit met een spesifieke tyd gebruik word.* Die gebruik van die voltooide teenwoordige tyd met 'n algemene tydsbestek is heeltemal aanvaarbaar. "I went for a walk on Tuesday." "I have gone for a walk every Tuesday this year."