ምን ተጀምሮ አሁንም ድረስ እየቀጠለ ነው?የእንግሊዝኛ ቃላት

by DuoCards

*ያለፈው ክፍል* እንኳን ወደ ትምህርቱ እንኳን በደህና መጡ ስለ ተጀምረው እና በአሁኑ ጊዜ ስለሚቀጥሉት ነገሮች የምንነጋገርበት! እንደ ማሞቂያ፣ እርስዎ ሊያውቋቸው የሚችሏቸው አንዳንድ *መደበኛ ያልሆኑ ግሦችን* እናልፋለን። እነሱ ብዙውን ጊዜ *በሶስት ቅጾች ዝርዝር ውስጥ ይታያሉ-ማያልቅ ፣ ያለፈው ቀላል እና ያለፈው አካል።* እነዚህን ምሳሌዎች እንመልከት፡- "to see""saw"-- "seen" "to meet""met"-- "met" "to say"-- "said""said"

to meet

መገናኘት

I have met him before.

I have met...

ተገናኝቻለሁ...

I have met this guy before.

We have met before.

ከዚህ በፊት ተገናኝተናል።

I thought I recognized you; we have met before at the conference.

before

ከዚያ በፊት

I always brush my teeth before going to bed.

They have not met before.

ከዚህ በፊት አልተገናኙም።

the influence

ተፅዕኖው

Don't let him influence you!

Travel has influenced my life.

ጉዞ በሕይወቴ ላይ ተጽዕኖ አሳድሯል።

I have said...

ብያለሁ...

I have said a few words.

I have said this many times before.

ይህን ከዚህ በፊት ብዙ ጊዜ ተናግሬያለሁ።

I have seen

አይቻለሁ

I have seen him before.

ከዚህ በፊት አይቼዋለሁ።

She has not seen him before.

ከዚህ በፊት አይታው አታውቅም።

*ሜሞ ዛሬ አይተሃል?* አሁን ያለው ፍፁም የተፈጠረው *አሁን ካለው የግሥ ጊዜ "HAVE"እና* ያለፈው የግሥ አካል ነው *። * የአሁኑን ፍጹም እንጠቀማለን- * 1. ባለፈው ተጀምሮ በአሁኑ ጊዜ ለሚቀጥል ነገር* *፡- "She has lived in Liverpool all her life." 2. 2እስካሁን ድረስ ስለ ልምዳችን እየተነጋገርን ነው* *፡- "I have seen that movie before." 3.* ከዚህ በፊት ለተከሰተው ነገር ግን በአሁኑ ጊዜ አስፈላጊ ነው *፡- "I can't get in the house. I have lost my keys." በዚህ ክፍል ውስጥ የሚማሯቸው መደበኛ ያልሆኑ ግሦች፡- "to know""knew"-- "known" "to lose"-- "lost""lost"

Have you seen him?

አየኸው?

he has seen

አይቷል

He has seen the movie.

He has seen many things.

ብዙ ነገሮችን አይቷል።

I have lived

ኖሬያለሁ

I have lived in Paris my whole life.

I have lived here all my life.

ሙሉ ህይወቴን የኖርኩት እዚህ ነው።

to lose

መሸነፍ

I've lost the game.

we have lost

አጥተናል

We have lost the keys.

the appetite

የምግብ ፍላጎት

I have lost my appetite.

my whole life

ሙሉ ህይወቴ

My whole life I've been trying to deal with it.

I've known him my whole life.

በህይወቴ ሙሉ አውቀዋለሁ።

*ለጥያቄዎች አሁን ያለው ፍጹም ጊዜ* አሁን ባለው ፍፁም ጊዜ ውስጥ አንድን ጥያቄ ሲጠይቁ *ረዳት ግስ መጀመሪያ ይመጣል* ፣ ከርዕሰ ጉዳዩ ቀጥሎ ይከተላል፣ እና በመቀጠል የዋናው ግሥ ያለፈው አካል። "Have you eaten dinner yet?" "Has the party started?" እንዲሁም አሁን ካለው ፍጹም ጋር ግልጽ ጥያቄዎችን ማድረግ ይችላሉ፡- "Where have you been?" በዚህ ክፍል ውስጥ የሚማሯቸው መደበኛ ያልሆኑ ግሦች፡- "to hear""heard"-- "heard" "to do""did"-- "done"

Has it started?

ተጀምሯል?

Has the movie started?

Have we met?

ተገናኝተን እናውቃለን?

Have we met before?

to hear

መስማት

Can you hear me well?

Have you heard of it?

ስለ እሱ ሰምተሃል?

Have you heard of it before?

to fail a class

ክፍል መውደቅ

How many times have you failed a class?

Have you visited France?

ፈረንሳይን ጎብኝተሃል?

foreign countries

የውጭ ሀገራት

What foreign countries have you visited?

What have you done?

ምን አደረግህ?

What have you done to me?

*አሁን ያለው ፍጹም ጊዜ ለአሉታዊ ነገሮች* አሁን ያለውን ፍጹም ጊዜ በአሉታዊ ለመጠቀም፣ በቀላሉ አሉታዊውን ቃል (እንደ አይደለም ወይም በጭራሽ) ከረዳት *ግስ በኋላ ግን ካለፈው ተሳታፊ በፊት ይጨምሩ።* "I have not slept well since exams started." በዚህ ክፍል ውስጥ የሚማሯቸው መደበኛ ያልሆኑ ግሦች፡- "to sleep""slept"-- "slept" "to speak""spoke"-- "spoken"

to sleep well

በደንብ መተኛት

I have not slept well since exams started.

I have not slept all night.

ሌሊቱን ሙሉ ሳልተኛ አድሬያለሁ።

He has never seen it.

በፍጹም አይቶት አያውቅም።

My friend has never seen the ocean.

I haven't seen him today.

ዛሬ አላየሁትም።

to speak

መናገር

He hasn't spoken to me yet.

She has spoken to the teacher about the problem.

ስለ ችግሩ ለመምህሩ አነጋግራለች።

I have not done it.

አላደረግኩትም።

I have not done it because I was busy with other things.

to reply

መመለስ

She has not replied to my message yet.

We have never been there.

እዚያ ሄደን አናውቅም።

We have never been to Australia.

to reach

መድረስ

The jury has not reached a verdict yet.

to receive an update

ወቅታዊ መረጃ ማግኘት

We haven’t received any updates on our project.

*መቼም ቢሆን!* "ever"*እስከ አሁን ድረስ ስለ ልምድ* ለመነጋገር ብዙ ጊዜ ተውላጠ ተውላጡን እንጠቀማለን፡- "It was the worst day I have ever had." እና "never"*ለአሉታዊው ቅጽ እንጠቀማለን-* "I have never met his wife."

I have never seen you before.

ከዚህ በፊት አይቼህ አላውቅም።

Have you ever heard of it?

ስለ እሱ ሰምተህ ታውቃለህ?

a song

መዝሙር

I love this song!

I have heard that song before.

ያንን ዘፈን ከዚህ በፊት ሰምቼዋለሁ።

Have you been here before?

ከዚህ በፊት እዚህ መጥተህ ታውቃለህ?

You have never been here before.

ከዚህ በፊት እዚህ መጥተህ አታውቅም።

to say

መናገር

What did he say about the party?

We have never said that.

እኛ ያንን መቼም አላልንም።

never ever

ከእንግዲህ ወዲህ በፍጹም

I promise to never ever do it again.

*"Have been and have gone"* "have/has been"አንድ ሰው *ወደ አንድ ቦታ ሄዶ ሲመለስ* እንጠቀማለን፡- መ፡ "Where have you been?" ለ፡ "I have just been out to the supermarket." አንድ ሰው *ካልተመለሰ* ግን እንጠቀማለን "have/has gone"፡- መ፡ "Where's Maria? I haven't seen her for weeks." ለ፡ "She's gone to Paris for a week. She'll be back tomorrow." *ማሳሰቢያ፡-* "I have"= "I've" "She has"= "she's" ቀላል ያለፈው እና ያለፈው የግሶቹ አካል "to be"እና "to go"፡- "to be"- "was"/ "were"- "been" "to go"-- "went""gone"

Where have you been?

የት ነበርክ?

I've been...

ቆይቻለሁ...

I've been to Germany before.

I've been to the grocery.

ሱቅ ሄጄ ነበር።

I’ve been to the grocery, and I bought some fresh fruits.

I've been here before.

ከዚህ በፊት እዚህ መጥቻለሁ።

As I entered the museum, I remembered, "I've been here before."

she has been

ሆናለች

She has been to Germany before.

Has she been to Australia before?

ከዚህ በፊት አውስትራሊያ ሄዳ ታውቃለች?

he has gone

ሄዷል

He has gone to work.

He has gone to school.

ወደ ትምህርት ቤት ሄዷል።

They've gone too far.

ከመጠን በላይ አልፈዋል።

*"Already" ወይም "yet" ?* "Already" ከአሁን በፊት* ማለት ነው። እኛ እንጠቀማለን ለመጠንቀቅ እንደ ነገር ከሌላ ነገር በፊት ወይም ከተጠበቀው በላይ እንደሆነ ማለት ነው። "The train has left already!" "Yet" ከአሁን እስከ አሁን ድረስ ማለት ነው። እኛ እንጠቀማለን ለመጠንቀቅ እንደ ነገር በቅርብ ጊዜ እንደሚከናወን ማለት ነው። Yet (በዚህ እንደ አንቀጽ) በአሉታዊ ነገሮች እና በጥያቄዎች ብቻ ይጠቀማል። "I haven't finished it yet. I'll do it after dinner." በዚህ ክፍል ውስጥ የምትማሩት ያልተለመዱ ግሶች: "to leave" - "left" - "left" "to win" - "won" - "won" "to sell" - "sold" - "sold"

He has already left.

አሁን ሄዷል።

He hasn't left yet.

ገና አልሄደም።

to win

ማሸነፍ

We haven't won yet.

They have won the game today.

የዛሬውን ጨዋታ አሸንፈዋል።

We've met already.

ከዚህ በፊት ተገናኝተናል።

We haven't met yet.

እስካሁን አልተገናኘንም።

Have you met Ted?

ቴድን ታውቀዋለህ?

to sell

መሸጥ

Have you sold your car already?

to finish

መጨረስ

Have you finished your homework yet?

I've already been here.

ከዚህ በፊት እዚህ መጥቻለሁ።

I’ve already been here, so I know the way to the park.

We have sold our old car.

አሮጌውን መኪናችንን ሽጠናል።

*የአሁን ፍጹም ቀጣይነት ያለው* የአሁኑ ፍፁም ቀጣይነት ያለው "have/has been""-ing"ከግሱ ቅርጽ ጋር ነው. *በአሁኑ ጊዜ የሆነ ነገር አሁንም እንደቀጠለ* ለማጉላት በተለምዶ ይህንን ጊዜ እንጠቀማለን፡- "It's been raining for hours." "I've been working all day." ማሳሰቢያ፡- "it has"= "it's" "I have"= "I've"

I've been studying for hours.

ለሰዓታት ስማር ቆይቻለሁ።

all day

ቀኑን ሙሉ

It's been raining all day.

My father has been working all day.

አባቴ ቀኑን ሙሉ ሲሰራ ውሏል።

to talk

መናገር

Are you talking to me?

You've been talking too much.

በጣም ስታወራ ቆይተሃል።

lately

በቅርቡ

She hasn't been looking too well lately.

I haven't been feeling well lately.

ሰሞኑን ደህና አልተሰማኝም።

recently

በቅርቡ

She has recently started a new job.

She has been helping us recently.

እሷ ሰሞኑን እየረዳችን ነው።

Have you been seeing her?

ትገናኛላችሁ?

She has been seeing him for weeks now.

እሱን ካየችው አሁን ሳምንታት ሆኗታል።

*የአሁን ፍፁም ቀጣይነት ያለው ጊዜን እንዴት መጠቀም ይቻላል?* "Present Perfect Continuous tense"ባለፈው ተጀምሮ በቅርብ ጊዜ የቆመውን ተግባር ለመነጋገር እንጠቀማለን። ብዙውን ጊዜ አሁን ውጤት አለ. "I'm tired because I've been running." በዚህ ክፍል ውስጥ የሚማሯቸው መደበኛ ያልሆኑ ግሦች፡- "to understand""understood"-- "understood" "to run""ran"-- "run" "to think"-- "thought""thought"

It's been raining.

ሲዘንብ ቆይቷል።

wet

ርጥብ

My clothes are wet from water.

the grass

ሳሩ

Dogs wallowed on the grass.

The grass is wet because it's been raining.

ዝናብ ስለዘነበ ሣሩ ርጥብ ነው።

Have you been listening?

ትሰማ ነበር?

Have you been listening to the lesson?

to understand

መረዳት

You don't understand because you haven't been listening.

They have understood the rules of the game.

የጨዋታውን ደንቦች ተረድተዋል።

a face

ፊት

She has such a nice face.

to run

መሮጥ

The dogs run across the road.

He has run three marathons in his life.

በህይወቱ ሶስት ማራቶኖችን ሮጧል።

Her face is red because she's been running.

ስለሮጠች ፊቷ ቀልቷል።

to think

ማሰብ

I have thought about this recently.

I've been thinking about you.

ስለ አንተ እያሰብኩ ነበር።

I've been thinking about you since our last conversation.

*"For"እና"since"* እኛ ብዙ ጊዜ FOR እና SINCEን ፍጹም በሆነ ጊዜ እንጠቀማለን፡ ስለ የተወሰነ ጊዜ ለመነጋገር እንጠቀማለን- "for three hours" "for two months" ከዚያን ጊዜ ጀምሮ ስለ አንድ ነጥብ ባለፈው ጊዜ ለመነጋገር እንጠቀማለን- "since yesterday" "since 9 o'clock"

I have been studying for three hours.

ለሶስት ሰዓታት ስማር ቆይቻለሁ።

since March

ከመጋቢት ጀምሮ

I've been seeing him since March.

She has been visiting us since March.

ከመጋቢት ጀምሮ እየጎበኘችን ነው።

since then

ከዚያ ጊዜ ጀምሮ

I moved to a new city last year, and since then, I have made many new friends.

I have been watching TV since 7pm.

ከምሽቱ አንድ ሰዓት ጀምሮ ቴሌቪዥን እያየሁ ነው።

for a long time

ለረጅም ጊዜ

She's been living in New York for a long time now.

He has been playing football for a long time.

እግር ኳስ መጫወት ከጀመረ ረጅም ጊዜ ሆኖታል።

since I left school

ትምህርት ቤት ካቆምኩ ጀምሮ

I have been unemployed since I left school.

I've been living in Berlin since I left school.

ትምህርት ካጠናቀቅኩ ጀምሮ በርሊን ውስጥ እየኖርኩ ነው።

since yesterday

ከትላንት ጀምሮ

I have been tired since yesterday.

It's been raining since yesterday.

ከትላንት ጀምሮ እየዘነበ ነው።

*የአሁኑን የተያያዘ የተጠናቀቀ ቀላል ወይም ቀጥታ ነው?* ሁለቱንም እንግሊዝኛ የተጠናቀቀ ቀላል ("have" ወይም "has" + የተለፈ ክፍል)* እና "present perfect continuous" ("have" ወይም "has" + "been" + "-ing" ቅርጽ)* ለወደፊት እስከ አሁን የተያያዘ የተፈጸመ ድርጊት ወይም ሁኔታ ለመናገር እንጠቀማለን።* የተጠናቀቀ ቀላል ብዙውን ጊዜ በድርጊቱ ውጤት ላይ ያተኮራል። "You've cleaned the bathroom! It looks lovely!" የተጠናቀቀ ቀጥታ ብዙውን ጊዜ በድርጊቱ ላይ ያተኮራል። "I've been gardening. It's so nice out there." በዚህ ክፍል ውስጥ የምታውቁት የተለመዱ ግሶች: "to write" - "wrote" - "written" "to read" - "read" - "read" "to have" - "had" - "had" "to grow" - "grew" - "grown"

I've been writing e-mails.

ኢሜይሎችን ስጽፍ ነበር።

I've been writing emails the whole day.

to write an email

ኢሜይል መጻፍ

I've written you an email.

I have written my homework, so now I can play outside.

የቤት ስራዬን ሰርቻለሁ፣ ስለዚህ አሁን ውጭ መጫወት እችላለሁ።

Has it been raining?

ሲዘንብ ነበር?

The grass looks wet. Has it been raining?

to read a book

መጽሐፍ ማንበብ

She's read ten books this summer.

lovely

ማራኪ

The children have cleaned the kitchen. It looks lovely!

I have had

ነበረኝ

I have had a great time at the party.

We have had this car for five years.

ይህን መኪና ካገኘነው አምስት ዓመት ሆኖናል።

I've had three coffees already today!

ዛሬ አስቀድሜ ሶስት ቡና ጠጥቻለሁ!

to grow

ማደግ

My cousin has grown so much since I saw her two years ago.

you have grown

አድገሃል

You have grown so much since I last saw you!

ለመጨረሻ ጊዜ ካየሁሽ ወዲህ በጣም አድገሻል!

I've been waiting for you.

እጠብቅህ ነበር።

They've been waiting for hours.

*አሁን ያለውን ፍጹም ጊዜ ላለመጠቀም* አሁን ያለውን ፍጹም ጊዜ ከተወሰነ ጊዜ ጋር አይጠቀሙ። ይህ ምናልባት ግራ የሚያጋባ ሊሆን ይችላል፣ ምክንያቱም *አሁን ያለውን ፍጹም ጊዜ ከብዙ ጊዜ ጋር መጠቀም ይችላሉ።* አሁን ያለው ፍጹም ጊዜ ልክ *ያልሆነው ከአንድ የተወሰነ ጊዜ ጋር ጥቅም ላይ ከዋለ ብቻ ነው።* አሁን ያለውን ፍጹም ጊዜ ከአጠቃላይ የጊዜ ክልል ጋር መጠቀም ፍጹም ተቀባይነት አለው። "I went for a walk on Tuesday." "I have gone for a walk every Tuesday this year."