Apa yang sudah dimulai dan masih berlangsung?Kata-kata bahasa Inggris

by DuoCards

*Partisip Masa Lalu* Selamat datang di kursus ini, di mana kita akan membahas hal-hal yang dimulai di masa lalu dan terus berlanjut hingga saat ini! Sebagai pemanasan, kita akan membahas beberapa *kata kerja tidak beraturan* yang mungkin sudah Anda ketahui. Kata kerja ini biasanya ditampilkan dalam *daftar tiga bentuk: infinitif, lampau sederhana, dan lampau partisip.* Mari kita lihat contoh-contoh berikut:"to see" - "saw" - "seen" "to meet" - "met" - "met" "to say" - "said" - "said"

to meet

bertemu

I have met him before.

I have met...

Saya sudah bertemu...

I have met this guy before.

We have met before.

Kita pernah bertemu sebelumnya.

I thought I recognized you; we have met before at the conference.

before

sebelumnya

I always brush my teeth before going to bed.

They have not met before.

Mereka belum pernah bertemu sebelumnya.

the influence

pengaruh

Don't let him influence you!

Travel has influenced my life.

Perjalanan telah memengaruhi hidup saya.

I have said...

Saya sudah bilang...

I have said a few words.

I have said this many times before.

Saya sudah mengatakan ini berkali-kali sebelumnya.

I have seen

Saya sudah melihat

I have seen him before.

Saya sudah pernah melihatnya sebelumnya.

She has not seen him before.

Dia belum pernah melihatnya sebelumnya.

*Apakah kamu sudah melihat Memo hari ini?* Present perfect dibentuk dari *bentuk present dari kata kerja "HAVE" dan *past participle dari sebuah kata kerja*. *Kita menggunakan present perfect:* 1. Untuk sesuatu yang *dimulai di masa lalu dan berlanjut hingga sekarang*: "She has lived in Liverpool all her life." 2. Ketika kita berbicara tentang *pengalaman kita hingga saat ini*: "I have seen that movie before." 3. Untuk sesuatu yang *terjadi di masa lalu tetapi penting di masa kini*: "I can't get in the house. I have lost my keys." Kata kerja tidak beraturan yang akan kamu pelajari di bagian ini: "to know" - "knew" - "known" "to lose" - "lost" - "lost"

Have you seen him?

Apakah kamu melihatnya?

he has seen

dia sudah melihat

He has seen the movie.

He has seen many things.

Dia sudah melihat banyak hal.

I have lived

Saya pernah tinggal

I have lived in Paris my whole life.

I have lived here all my life.

Saya sudah tinggal di sini seumur hidup saya.

to lose

kalah

I've lost the game.

we have lost

kami telah kalah

We have lost the keys.

the appetite

nafsu makan

I have lost my appetite.

my whole life

seumur hidupku

My whole life I've been trying to deal with it.

I've known him my whole life.

Aku sudah mengenalnya seumur hidupku.

*Present perfect tense untuk pertanyaan* Saat mengajukan pertanyaan dalam present perfect tense, *kata kerja bantu didahulukan* , diikuti oleh subjek, dan kemudian past participle dari kata kerja utama. "Have you eaten dinner yet?" "Has the party started?" Anda juga dapat membuat pertanyaan terbuka dengan present perfect: "Where have you been?" Kata kerja tidak beraturan yang akan Anda pelajari di bagian ini: "to hear"- "heard"- "heard" "to do"- "did"- "done"

Has it started?

Sudah mulai?

Has the movie started?

Have we met?

Apakah kita pernah bertemu?

Have we met before?

to hear

mendengar

Can you hear me well?

Have you heard of it?

Pernahkah Anda mendengarnya?

Have you heard of it before?

to fail a class

tidak lulus mata pelajaran

How many times have you failed a class?

Have you visited France?

Apakah Anda sudah pernah mengunjungi Prancis?

foreign countries

negara-negara luar negeri

What foreign countries have you visited?

What have you done?

Apa yang telah kamu lakukan?

What have you done to me?

*Present perfect tense untuk bentuk negatif* Untuk menggunakan present perfect tense dalam bentuk negatif, cukup tambahkan kata negatif (seperti not atau never) *setelah kata kerja bantu tetapi sebelum past participle.* "I have not slept well since exams started." Kata kerja tidak beraturan yang akan Anda pelajari di bagian ini: "to sleep"- "slept"- "slept" "to speak"- "spoke"- "spoken"

to sleep well

tidur nyenyak

I have not slept well since exams started.

I have not slept all night.

Saya tidak tidur semalaman.

He has never seen it.

Dia belum pernah melihatnya.

My friend has never seen the ocean.

I haven't seen him today.

Saya belum melihatnya hari ini.

to speak

berbicara

He hasn't spoken to me yet.

She has spoken to the teacher about the problem.

Dia sudah membicarakan masalah itu dengan gurunya.

I have not done it.

Saya belum melakukannya.

I have not done it because I was busy with other things.

to reply

membalas

She has not replied to my message yet.

We have never been there.

Kami belum pernah ke sana.

We have never been to Australia.

to reach

mencapai

The jury has not reached a verdict yet.

to receive an update

menerima pembaruan

We haven’t received any updates on our project.

*Tidak akan pernah!* Kami sering menggunakan kata keterangan "ever"untuk berbicara tentang *pengalaman hingga saat ini* : "It was the worst day I have ever had." dan kita gunakan "never"untuk *bentuk negatif* : "I have never met his wife."

I have never seen you before.

Saya belum pernah melihat Anda sebelumnya.

Have you ever heard of it?

Pernahkah Anda mendengarnya?

a song

sebuah lagu

I love this song!

I have heard that song before.

Aku sudah pernah mendengar lagu itu sebelumnya.

Have you been here before?

Apakah Anda pernah ke sini sebelumnya?

You have never been here before.

Kamu belum pernah ke sini sebelumnya.

to say

mengatakan

What did he say about the party?

We have never said that.

Kami tidak pernah mengatakan itu.

never ever

tidak akan pernah lagi

I promise to never ever do it again.

Kami menggunakan "have/has been" ketika seseorang *telah pergi ke suatu tempat dan kembali*: A: "Where have you been?" B: "I have just been out to the supermarket." Tetapi ketika seseorang *belum kembali*, kami menggunakan "have/has gone": A: "Where's Maria? I haven't seen her for weeks." B: "She's gone to Paris for a week. She'll be back tomorrow." *Perhatikan:* "I have" = "I've" "She has" = "she's" Bentuk lampau sederhana dan past participle dari kata kerja "to be" dan "to go": "to be" - "was" / "were" - "been" "to go" - "went" - "gone"

Where have you been?

Kamu dari mana saja?

I've been...

Saya sudah...

I've been to Germany before.

I've been to the grocery.

Saya tadi ke toko.

I’ve been to the grocery, and I bought some fresh fruits.

I've been here before.

Saya sudah pernah ke sini sebelumnya.

As I entered the museum, I remembered, "I've been here before."

she has been

dia sudah

She has been to Germany before.

Has she been to Australia before?

Apakah dia sudah pernah ke Australia sebelumnya?

he has gone

dia sudah pergi

He has gone to work.

He has gone to school.

Dia sudah berangkat ke sekolah.

They've gone too far.

Mereka sudah keterlaluan.

Digunakan dengan present perfect berarti sebelum sekarang. Kami menggunakannya untuk menekankan bahwa sesuatu terjadi sebelum sesuatu yang lain atau lebih awal dari yang diharapkan. Digunakan dengan present perfect berarti kapan saja hingga sekarang. Kami menggunakannya untuk menekankan bahwa kami mengharapkan sesuatu terjadi segera. Yet (dalam konteks ini) hanya digunakan dalam kalimat negatif dan pertanyaan. Kata kerja tidak beraturan yang akan Anda pelajari di bagian ini:

He has already left.

Dia sudah pergi.

He hasn't left yet.

Dia belum pergi.

to win

menang

We haven't won yet.

They have won the game today.

Mereka telah memenangkan pertandingan hari ini.

We've met already.

Kita sudah pernah bertemu sebelumnya.

We haven't met yet.

Kita belum pernah bertemu sebelumnya.

Have you met Ted?

Sudah kenal Ted?

to sell

menjual

Have you sold your car already?

to finish

menyelesaikan

Have you finished your homework yet?

I've already been here.

Saya sudah pernah ke sini.

I’ve already been here, so I know the way to the park.

We have sold our old car.

Kami sudah menjual mobil lama kami.

*Present Perfect Continuous* Present perfect continuous dibentuk dengan "have/has been" dan bentuk "-ing" dari kata kerja. Kami biasanya menggunakan tense ini untuk menekankan bahwa *sesuatu masih berlanjut di masa sekarang*: "It's been raining for hours." "I've been working all day." Perhatikan: "it has" = "it's" "I have"= "I've"

I've been studying for hours.

Saya sudah belajar selama berjam-jam.

all day

sepanjang hari

It's been raining all day.

My father has been working all day.

Ayahku sudah bekerja seharian.

to talk

berbicara

Are you talking to me?

You've been talking too much.

Kamu sudah bicara terlalu banyak.

lately

akhir-akhir ini

She hasn't been looking too well lately.

I haven't been feeling well lately.

Saya merasa kurang enak badan akhir-akhir ini.

recently

baru-baru ini

She has recently started a new job.

She has been helping us recently.

Dia telah membantu kami baru-baru ini.

Have you been seeing her?

Apakah kamu sering bertemu dengannya?

She has been seeing him for weeks now.

Dia sudah menemuinya selama berminggu-minggu sekarang.

"Present Perfect Continuous tense" B*agaimana cara menggunakan tense Present Perfect Continuous?* Kita menggunakan tense Present Perfect Continuous untuk membahas tindakan yang dimulai di masa lalu dan baru saja berhenti. Biasanya ada hasilnya sekarang. "I'm tired because I've been running." Kata kerja tidak beraturan yang akan Anda pelajari di bagian ini:"to understand" - "understood" - "understood" "to run" - "ran" - "run" "to think" - "thought" "thought"

It's been raining.

Sudah hujan.

wet

basah

My clothes are wet from water.

the grass

rumput

Dogs wallowed on the grass.

The grass is wet because it's been raining.

Rumputnya basah karena tadi hujan.

Have you been listening?

Apakah kamu tadi mendengarkan?

Have you been listening to the lesson?

to understand

memahami

You don't understand because you haven't been listening.

They have understood the rules of the game.

Mereka sudah memahami aturan permainannya.

a face

wajah

She has such a nice face.

to run

berlari

The dogs run across the road.

He has run three marathons in his life.

Dia sudah lari maraton tiga kali dalam hidupnya.

Her face is red because she's been running.

Wajahnya memerah karena dia baru saja berlari.

to think

berpikir

I have thought about this recently.

I've been thinking about you.

Aku sedang memikirkanmu.

I've been thinking about you since our last conversation.

*"For" dan "since"* Kita sering menggunakan FOR dan SINCE dengan tense sempurna: Kita menggunakan for untuk membahas periode waktu: "for three hours" "for two months" Kita menggunakan since untuk membahas titik waktu di masa lalu: "since yesterday" "since 9 o'clock"

I have been studying for three hours.

Saya sudah belajar selama tiga jam.

since March

sejak Maret

I've been seeing him since March.

She has been visiting us since March.

Dia sudah mengunjungi kami sejak bulan Maret.

since then

sejak saat itu

I moved to a new city last year, and since then, I have made many new friends.

I have been watching TV since 7pm.

Saya sudah menonton TV sejak jam 7 malam.

for a long time

sudah lama

She's been living in New York for a long time now.

He has been playing football for a long time.

Dia sudah lama bermain sepak bola.

since I left school

sejak saya lulus sekolah

I have been unemployed since I left school.

I've been living in Berlin since I left school.

Saya sudah tinggal di Berlin sejak lulus sekolah.

since yesterday

sejak kemarin

I have been tired since yesterday.

It's been raining since yesterday.

Sudah hujan sejak kemarin.

*Present perfect simple atau continuous?* Kita menggunakan both *present perfect simple ("have" atau "has" + past participle)* dan "present perfect continuous" ("have" atau "has" + "been" + "-ing" form)* untuk membahas tindakan atau keadaan di masa lalu yang masih terkait *dengan masa kini.* Present perfect simple biasanya berfokus pada hasil dari aktivitas tersebut. "You've cleaned the bathroom! It looks lovely!" Present perfect continuous biasanya berfokus pada aktivitas itu sendiri. "Saya sedang berkebun. Di luar sana sangat menyenangkan." Kata kerja tidak beraturan yang akan Anda pelajari di bagian ini:"to write" - "wrote" - "written" "to read" - "read" - "read" "to have" - "had" - "had" "to grow" - "grew" - "grown"

I've been writing e-mails.

Saya tadi sedang menulis email.

I've been writing emails the whole day.

to write an email

menulis email

I've written you an email.

I have written my homework, so now I can play outside.

Aku sudah mengerjakan PR-ku, jadi sekarang aku bisa main di luar.

Has it been raining?

Apakah tadi hujan?

The grass looks wet. Has it been raining?

to read a book

membaca buku

She's read ten books this summer.

lovely

menawan

The children have cleaned the kitchen. It looks lovely!

I have had

Saya sudah pernah memiliki

I have had a great time at the party.

We have had this car for five years.

Kami sudah memiliki mobil ini selama lima tahun.

I've had three coffees already today!

Saya sudah minum tiga gelas kopi hari ini!

to grow

tumbuh

My cousin has grown so much since I saw her two years ago.

you have grown

kamu sudah tumbuh dewasa

You have grown so much since I last saw you!

Kamu sudah tumbuh besar sekali sejak terakhir kali aku melihatmu!

I've been waiting for you.

Aku sudah menunggumu.

They've been waiting for hours.

*Kapan tidak boleh menggunakan tense present perfect* Jangan gunakan tense present perfect dengan waktu yang spesifik. Hal ini mungkin membingungkan, namun *Anda dapat menggunakan tense present perfect dengan rentang waktu yang luas.* Tense present perfect hanya *salah jika digunakan dengan satu waktu yang spesifik.* Menggunakan tense present perfect dengan rentang waktu yang umum adalah sepenuhnya dapat diterima."I went for a walk on Tuesday." "I have gone for a walk every Tuesday this year."