چی دەستی پێکردووە و هێشتا بەردەوامە؟وشەکانی ئینگلیزی

by DuoCards

*Raveka Borî* Hûn bi xêr hatin bo kursa ku em ê li ser tiştên ku di demên berê de dest pê kirine û di dema niha de berdewam dikin biaxivin! Wekî germkirinekê, em ê li ser hin *lêkerên nerêkûpêk* ên ku dibe ku hûn jixwe dizanin derbas bibin. Ew bi gelemperî di *navnîşek sê forman de têne nîşandan: infinitîf, dema borî ya sade, û dema borî ya beşdar.* Werin em li van mînakan binêrin: "to see"- "saw"- "seen" "to meet"- "met"- "met" "to say"- "said"- "said"

to meet

hevdîtin kirin

I have met him before.

I have met...

من ... بینیوە

I have met this guy before.

We have met before.

ئێمە پێشتر یەکمان بینیوە.

I thought I recognized you; we have met before at the conference.

before

بەر لەوە

I always brush my teeth before going to bed.

They have not met before.

ئەوان پێشتر یەکتریان نەبینیوە

the influence

کاریگەری

Don't let him influence you!

Travel has influenced my life.

گەشتکردن کاریگەری لەسەر ژیانی من هەبووە.

I have said...

من گوتوومە

I have said a few words.

I have said this many times before.

من پێشتر ئەمەم زۆر جار گوتووە.

I have seen

من بینیومە

I have seen him before.

من پێشتر ئەویم بینیوە

She has not seen him before.

ئەو پێشتر ئەوی نەبینیوە.

*Te îro Memo dît?* Dema niha ya temam ji *dema niha ya lêkerê "HAVE"û* rayeka borî ya lêkerê tê çêkirin *. * Em dema niha ya bêkêmasî bi kar tînin: * 1. Ji bo tiştekî ku* di demên borî de dest pê kiriye û di dema niha de berdewam dike *: "She has lived in Liverpool all her life." 2. 2dema ku em li ser ezmûna xwe ya heta niha diaxivin* *: "I have seen that movie before." 3. Ji bo tiştekî ku* di demên berê de qewimiye lê di dema niha de girîng e*: "I can't get in the house. I have lost my keys." Lêkerên ne rêkûpêk ku hûn ê di vê beşê de fêr bibin: "to know"- "knew"- "known" "to lose"- "lost"- "lost"

Have you seen him?

Te ew dît?

he has seen

ئەو بینیویەتی

He has seen the movie.

He has seen many things.

Wî gelek tişt dîtine.

I have lived

من ژیاوم

I have lived in Paris my whole life.

I have lived here all my life.

من هەموو ژیانی خۆم لێرە ژیاوم.

to lose

دۆڕاندن

I've lost the game.

we have lost

مە لە دەست دا

We have lost the keys.

the appetite

ئیشتیها

I have lost my appetite.

my whole life

hemû jiyana min

My whole life I've been trying to deal with it.

I've known him my whole life.

من هەموو ژیانمە دەیناسم

*Dema niha ya bêkêmasî ji bo pirsan* Dema pirsek di rayeka dema niha ya kamil de tê kirin, *pêşî lêkera alîkar tê* , li pey kirde û dûv re jî paşgira lêkera sereke tê. "Have you eaten dinner yet?" "Has the party started?" Her weha hûn dikarin pirsên vekirî bi dema niha ya bêkêmasî re bikin: "Where have you been?" Lêkerên nerêkûpêk hûn ê di vê beşê de fêr bibin: "to hear""heard"--- "heard" "to do""did"--- "done"

Has it started?

ئایا دەستی پێ کرد؟

Has the movie started?

Have we met?

Ma em hev dîtine?

Have we met before?

to hear

بیستن

Can you hear me well?

Have you heard of it?

Te derbarê wê de bihîstiye?

Have you heard of it before?

to fail a class

لە وانەیەک دەرنەچوون

How many times have you failed a class?

Have you visited France?

Ma tu çûyî Fransayê?

foreign countries

وڵاتانی بیانی

What foreign countries have you visited?

What have you done?

Te çi kiriye?

What have you done to me?

*Dema niha ya bêkêmasî ji bo neyînîyan* Ji bo bikaranîna rayeka dema niha ya bêkêmasî di neyîniyê de, bi tenê peyva neyîniyê (wek ne an qet) *li dû lêkera alîkar lê berî dema borî lê zêde bike.* "I have not slept well since exams started." Lêkerên nerêkûpêk hûn ê di vê beşê de fêr bibin: "to sleep""slept"--- "slept" "to speak"- "spoke"- "spoken"

to sleep well

خەوێکی باش

I have not slept well since exams started.

I have not slept all night.

شەوی ڕابردوو هەر نەخەوتووم.

He has never seen it.

ئەو هەرگیز ئەوەی نەبینیوە.

My friend has never seen the ocean.

I haven't seen him today.

ئەمڕۆ من ئەو نەبینیوە

to speak

ئاخافتن

He hasn't spoken to me yet.

She has spoken to the teacher about the problem.

Wê derbarê pirsgirêkê de bi mamoste re axiviye.

I have not done it.

Min ew nekiriye.

I have not done it because I was busy with other things.

to reply

وەڵامدانەوە

She has not replied to my message yet.

We have never been there.

Em qet neçûne wir.

We have never been to Australia.

to reach

گەیشتن

The jury has not reached a verdict yet.

to receive an update

وەرگرتنی نوێکارییەک

We haven’t received any updates on our project.

*Qet nebe!* Em bi gelemperî lêkerê bikar tînin da "ever"ku li ser *ezmûna heya nuha* biaxivin: "It was the worst day I have ever had." û em ji "never"bo *forma neyînî* bikar tînin: "I have never met his wife."

I have never seen you before.

Min tu carî berê tu nedîtî.

Have you ever heard of it?

Tu qet tiştekî wisa bihîstî?

a song

گۆرانییەک

I love this song!

I have heard that song before.

من پێشتر ئەو گۆرانییەم بیستووە.

Have you been here before?

ئایا پێشتر لێرە بوویت؟

You have never been here before.

Tu qet berê li vir nebûyî.

to say

گوتن

What did he say about the party?

We have never said that.

ئێمە هەرگیز شتێکی وامان نەوتووە.

never ever

qet û qet

I promise to never ever do it again.

*"Have been and have gone"* "have/has been"Dema kesek *çûye cihekî û vegeriyaye,* em vê bi kar tînin: YEK: "Where have you been?" B: "I have just been out to the supermarket." Lê gava kesek *venegeriya* , em bi kar tînin "have/has gone": YEK: "Where's Maria? I haven't seen her for weeks." B: "She's gone to Paris for a week. She'll be back tomorrow." *Nivîsk:* "I have"= "I've" "She has"= "she's" Raya borî ya sade û rayeka borî ya lêkeran "to be"û "to go": "to be"- "was"/ "were"- "been" "to go"- "went"- "gone"

Where have you been?

تۆ لە کوێ بوویت؟

I've been...

من بوومە...

I've been to Germany before.

I've been to the grocery.

من چووم بۆ مارکێت.

I’ve been to the grocery, and I bought some fresh fruits.

I've been here before.

من پێشتر لێرە بووم.

As I entered the museum, I remembered, "I've been here before."

she has been

ئەو بووە

She has been to Germany before.

Has she been to Australia before?

Ma ew berê çûye Awustralyayê?

he has gone

ئەو ڕۆیشتووە

He has gone to work.

He has gone to school.

Ew çûye dibistanê.

They've gone too far.

ئەوان زۆر لە سنووری خۆیان دەرچوون.

*"Already" an "yet" ?* "Already" tê bikar anîn bi *perfecti niha* wateya *berî niha* dike. Em ew tê bikar anîn da ku *emphasise* bikin ku *tiştek berî tiştekî din çêbûye* an jî zûter ji wateya ku em hêvî dikirin. "The train has left already!" "Yet" tê bikar anîn bi *perfecti niha* wateya *her demê heta niha* dike. Em ew tê bikar anîn da ku *emphasise* bikin ku em hêvî dikirin ku tiştek zû çêbibe. Yet (di vê çarçoveyê de) tenê tê bikar anîn di *cümleyên nepositîf û pirsan de.* "I haven't finished it yet. I'll do it after dinner." Verban neqanûnî ku hûn ê li vê beşê fêr bibin: "to leave" - "left" - "left" "to win" - "won" - "won" "to sell" - "sold" - "sold"

He has already left.

ئەو پێشتر ڕۆیشتووە

He hasn't left yet.

هێشتا نەڕۆیشتووە

to win

بردنەوە

We haven't won yet.

They have won the game today.

Wan îro lîstik birin.

We've met already.

Em berê hev dîtine.

We haven't met yet.

Em hêj hevdu nas nekirine.

Have you met Ted?

Ma tu Ted nas dikî?

to sell

فرۆشتن

Have you sold your car already?

to finish

تەواوکردن

Have you finished your homework yet?

I've already been here.

من پێشتر لێرە بوومە

I’ve already been here, so I know the way to the park.

We have sold our old car.

Me erebeya xwe ya kevn firotiye.

*Dema Niha ya Berdewam a Berdewam* Dema niha ya berdewam bi "have/has been"û ya "-ing"forma lêkerê tê çêkirin. Em bi gelemperî vê demê bi kar tînin da ku tekez bikin ku *tiştek hîn jî di dema niha de berdewam dike* : "It's been raining for hours." "I've been working all day." Nivîsk: "it has"= "it's" "I have"= "I've"

I've been studying for hours.

من چەند کاتژمێرە دەخوێنم.

all day

تەواوی ڕۆژ

It's been raining all day.

My father has been working all day.

باوکی من هەموو ڕۆژەکە کاری کردووە

to talk

ئاخافتن

Are you talking to me?

You've been talking too much.

تۆ زۆر قسەت کردووە.

lately

لەمدواییانەدا

She hasn't been looking too well lately.

I haven't been feeling well lately.

ماوەیەکە هەست بە باشی ناکەم.

recently

لەمدواییانەدا

She has recently started a new job.

She has been helping us recently.

ئەو لەم دواییانەدا یارمەتیمانی داوە.

Have you been seeing her?

Ma tu bi wê re hevdîtinê dikî?

She has been seeing him for weeks now.

ئەو چەند هەفتەیەکە لەگەڵیدا دەبینێت.

*Çawa tense Present Perfect Continuous bikar bînin?* Em "Present Perfect Continuous tense" bikar dînin da ku li ser çalakiyekê biaxivin ku di derbarê de dest pê kir û nêzîkî rawest. Bi gelemperî niha encam heye. "I'm tired because I've been running." Verban naverok ên ku hûn ê li vê beşê fêr bibin: "to understand" - "understood" - "understood" "to run" - "ran" - "run" "to think" - "thought" - "thought"

It's been raining.

باران دەبارێت

wet

تەڕ

My clothes are wet from water.

the grass

giya

Dogs wallowed on the grass.

The grass is wet because it's been raining.

گیادە تەڕە چونکە باران باریوە.

Have you been listening?

تۆ گوێت لێ بوو؟

Have you been listening to the lesson?

to understand

têgihiştin

You don't understand because you haven't been listening.

They have understood the rules of the game.

Wan qaîdeyên lîstikê fêm kirine.

a face

دەموچاو

She has such a nice face.

to run

ڕاکردن

The dogs run across the road.

He has run three marathons in his life.

Ew di jiyana xwe de sê maratonan beziyaye.

Her face is red because she's been running.

رووی سوور بووە چونکە ڕای کردووە.

to think

fikirîn

I have thought about this recently.

I've been thinking about you.

من بیری تۆم دەکرد

I've been thinking about you since our last conversation.

*"For" û "since"* Em bi gelemperî FOR û SINCE bi tensesên temamî bikar tînin: Em for bikar tînin da ku di derbarê demek de biaxivin: "for three hours" "for two months" Em since bikar tînin da ku di derbarê demek de biaxivin: "since yesterday" "since 9 o'clock"

I have been studying for three hours.

سێ کاتژمێرە خەریکی خوێندنم.

since March

ji adarê ve

I've been seeing him since March.

She has been visiting us since March.

Ew ji meha adarê ve serdana me dike.

since then

ji wê demê ve

I moved to a new city last year, and since then, I have made many new friends.

I have been watching TV since 7pm.

من لە کاتژمێر حەوتی ئێوارەوە سەیرکردنی تەلەفزیۆن دەکەم.

for a long time

بۆ ماوەیەکی درێژ

She's been living in New York for a long time now.

He has been playing football for a long time.

ئەو ماوەیەکی زۆرە تۆپی پێ دەکات.

since I left school

لەو کاتەوەی قوتابخانەم بەجێهێشت

I have been unemployed since I left school.

I've been living in Berlin since I left school.

Ez ji dema ku dibistan qedandiye li Berlînê dijîm.

since yesterday

ji duh ve

I have been tired since yesterday.

It's been raining since yesterday.

لە دوێنێوە باران دەبارێت.

*Dema niha ya temam, sade an berdewam?* Em hem *forma niha ya temam ( "have"an jî "has"+ rayeka borî)* û "present perfect continuous""have""has""been""-ing"hem jî forma (an jî + +) bikar tînin *da ku li ser kiryar an rewşên berê yên ku hîn jî bi dema niha ve girêdayî ne biaxivin* .* Dema niha ya temam bi gelemperî li ser encama çalakiyê disekine. "You've cleaned the bathroom! It looks lovely!" Dema niha ya berdewam bi gelemperî li ser çalakiyê bixwe disekine. "I've been gardening. It's so nice out there." Lêkerên ne rêkûpêk ku hûn ê di vê beşê de fêr bibin: "to write"- "wrote"- "written" "to read"- "read"- "read" "to have"- "had"- "had" "to grow"- "grew"- "grown"

I've been writing e-mails.

من خەریکی نووسینی ئیمەیڵ بووم.

I've been writing emails the whole day.

to write an email

نوسینی ئیمەیڵێک

I've written you an email.

I have written my homework, so now I can play outside.

من ئەرکەکانم نووسیوە، بۆیە ئێستا دەتوانم لە دەرەوە یاری بکەم.

Has it been raining?

Baran dibariya?

The grass looks wet. Has it been raining?

to read a book

خوێندنەوەی کتێبێک

She's read ten books this summer.

lovely

دڵڕفێن

The children have cleaned the kitchen. It looks lovely!

I have had

من هەبووە

I have had a great time at the party.

We have had this car for five years.

Em pênc sal in xwediyê vê otombîlê ne.

I've had three coffees already today!

من ئەمڕۆ سێ قاوەم خواردووەتەوە!

to grow

گەشەکردن

My cousin has grown so much since I saw her two years ago.

you have grown

tu mezin bûyî

You have grown so much since I last saw you!

Ji wê çaxê ve ku min cara dawî tu dîtî, tu gelek mezin bûyî!

I've been waiting for you.

من چاوەڕێی تۆ بووم.

They've been waiting for hours.

*Kengê divê raweya dema niha ya bêkêmasî neyê bikaranîn* Dema niha ya temam bi demek diyarkirî re bikar neynin. Lêbelê, ev dibe ku tevlihev be, ji ber ku *hûn dikarin dema niha ya temam bi demek fireh re bikar bînin.* Dema niha ya temam tenê *eger bi demek diyarkirî re were bikar anîn xelet e.* Bikaranîna dema niha ya temam bi rêzek demê ya giştî re bi tevahî qebûlkirî ye. "I went for a walk on Tuesday." "I have gone for a walk every Tuesday this year."