Apa yang telah bermula dan masih berterusan?Perkataan bahasa Inggeris

by DuoCards

*Participle Lalu* Selamat datang ke kursus di mana kita akan bercakap tentang perkara yang bermula pada masa lalu dan berterusan pada masa kini! Sebagai memanaskan badan, kami akan meneliti beberapa *kata kerja tidak teratur* yang mungkin anda sudah tahu. Mereka biasanya ditunjukkan dalam *senarai tiga bentuk: infinitif, past simple dan past participle.* Mari kita lihat contoh-contoh ini: "to see"- "saw"- "seen" "to meet"- "met"- "met" "to say"- "said"- "said"

to meet

berjumpa

I have met him before.

I have met...

Saya telah bertemu dengan...

I have met this guy before.

We have met before.

Kita pernah berjumpa sebelum ini.

I thought I recognized you; we have met before at the conference.

before

sebelum

I always brush my teeth before going to bed.

They have not met before.

Mereka belum pernah bertemu sebelum ini.

the influence

pengaruh

Don't let him influence you!

Travel has influenced my life.

Perjalanan telah mempengaruhi hidup saya.

I have said...

Saya telah berkata...

I have said a few words.

I have said this many times before.

Saya sudah katakan perkara ini berkali-kali sebelum ini.

I have seen

Saya telah melihat

I have seen him before.

Saya pernah melihatnya sebelum ini.

She has not seen him before.

Dia belum pernah melihat lelaki itu sebelum ini.

*Pernahkah anda melihat Memo hari ini?* Present perfect terbentuk daripada *kata masa kini kata kerja "HAVE"dan* kata kerja lampau kata kerja *. * Kami menggunakan present perfect: * 1. Untuk sesuatu yang* bermula pada masa lalu dan berterusan pada masa kini *: "She has lived in Liverpool all her life." 2. 2apabila kita bercakap tentang* pengalaman kita sehingga kini *: "I have seen that movie before." 3. Untuk sesuatu yang* berlaku pada masa lalu tetapi penting pada masa kini*: "I can't get in the house. I have lost my keys." Kata kerja tidak teratur yang anda akan pelajari dalam bahagian ini: "to know"- "knew"- "known" "to lose"- "lost"- "lost"

Have you seen him?

Awak dah nampak dia?

he has seen

dia telah melihat

He has seen the movie.

He has seen many things.

Dia sudah melihat banyak perkara.

I have lived

Saya pernah tinggal

I have lived in Paris my whole life.

I have lived here all my life.

Saya telah tinggal di sini seumur hidup saya.

to lose

kalah

I've lost the game.

we have lost

kami telah kehilangan

We have lost the keys.

the appetite

selera makan

I have lost my appetite.

my whole life

seumur hidup saya

My whole life I've been trying to deal with it.

I've known him my whole life.

Saya sudah mengenalinya seumur hidup saya.

*Present perfect tense untuk soalan* Apabila menanyakan soalan dalam present perfect tense, *kata kerja bantu didahulukan* , diikuti dengan subjek, dan kemudian participle lalu kata kerja utama. "Have you eaten dinner yet?" "Has the party started?" Anda juga boleh membuat soalan terbuka dengan present perfect: "Where have you been?" Kata kerja tidak teratur yang anda akan pelajari dalam bahagian ini: "to hear"- "heard"- "heard" "to do"- "did"- "done"

Has it started?

Adakah ia sudah bermula?

Has the movie started?

Have we met?

Pernahkah kita berjumpa?

Have we met before?

to hear

mendengar

Can you hear me well?

Have you heard of it?

Pernahkah anda dengar tentangnya?

Have you heard of it before?

to fail a class

gagal dalam mata pelajaran

How many times have you failed a class?

Have you visited France?

Adakah anda pernah melawat Perancis?

foreign countries

negara asing

What foreign countries have you visited?

What have you done?

Apa yang telah kamu lakukan?

What have you done to me?

*Tegang sempurna masa kini untuk negatif* Untuk menggunakan present perfect tense dalam bentuk negatif, hanya tambahkan perkataan negatif (seperti tidak atau tidak pernah) *selepas kata kerja bantu tetapi sebelum participle lalu.* "I have not slept well since exams started." Kata kerja tidak teratur yang anda akan pelajari dalam bahagian ini: "to sleep"- "slept"- "slept" "to speak"- "spoke"- "spoken"

to sleep well

tidur dengan nyenyak

I have not slept well since exams started.

I have not slept all night.

Saya tidak tidur sepanjang malam.

He has never seen it.

Dia tidak pernah melihatnya.

My friend has never seen the ocean.

I haven't seen him today.

Saya tidak nampak dia hari ini.

to speak

bercakap

He hasn't spoken to me yet.

She has spoken to the teacher about the problem.

Dia telah bercakap dengan guru itu tentang masalah tersebut.

I have not done it.

Saya belum melakukannya.

I have not done it because I was busy with other things.

to reply

membalas

She has not replied to my message yet.

We have never been there.

Kami tidak pernah ke sana.

We have never been to Australia.

to reach

mencapai

The jury has not reached a verdict yet.

to receive an update

menerima kemas kini

We haven’t received any updates on our project.

*Tidak akan sekali-kali!* Kami sering menggunakan kata keterangan "ever"untuk bercakap tentang *pengalaman sehingga kini* : "It was the worst day I have ever had." dan kami gunakan "never"untuk *bentuk negatif* : "I have never met his wife."

I have never seen you before.

Saya tidak pernah melihat anda sebelum ini.

Have you ever heard of it?

Pernahkah anda mendengarnya?

a song

sebuah lagu

I love this song!

I have heard that song before.

Saya pernah dengar lagu itu sebelum ini.

Have you been here before?

Adakah anda pernah ke sini sebelum ini?

You have never been here before.

Awak belum pernah ke sini sebelum ini.

to say

untuk mengatakan

What did he say about the party?

We have never said that.

Kami tidak pernah berkata begitu.

never ever

tidak akan sekali-kali

I promise to never ever do it again.

*"Have been and have gone"* Kami menggunakan "have/has been"apabila seseorang *telah pergi ke suatu tempat dan kembali* : A: "Where have you been?" B: "I have just been out to the supermarket." Tetapi apabila seseorang *belum kembali* , kami menggunakan "have/has gone": A: "Where's Maria? I haven't seen her for weeks." B: "She's gone to Paris for a week. She'll be back tomorrow." *Notis:* "I have"= "I've" "She has"= "she's" Masa lalu yang mudah dan participle lalu bagi kata kerja "to be"dan "to go": "to be"- "was"/ "were"- "been" "to go"- "went"- "gone"

Where have you been?

Awak pergi mana tadi?

I've been...

Saya telah...

I've been to Germany before.

I've been to the grocery.

Saya baru balik dari kedai runcit.

I’ve been to the grocery, and I bought some fresh fruits.

I've been here before.

Saya pernah ke sini sebelum ini.

As I entered the museum, I remembered, "I've been here before."

she has been

dia telah berada

She has been to Germany before.

Has she been to Australia before?

Adakah dia pernah ke Australia sebelum ini?

he has gone

Dia sudah pergi

He has gone to work.

He has gone to school.

Dia sudah pergi ke sekolah.

They've gone too far.

Mereka sudah melampaui batas.

*"Already"atau "yet"?* "Already"digunakan dengan *cara* yang sempurna sekarang sebelum ini *. Kami menggunakannya untuk menekankan bahawa* sesuatu berlaku sebelum sesuatu yang lain *atau lebih awal daripada yang dijangkakan. "The train has left already!" "Yet"digunakan dengan cara yang sempurna sekarang* *pada bila-bila masa sehingga sekarang* . Kami menggunakannya untuk menekankan bahawa kami menjangkakan sesuatu akan berlaku tidak lama lagi. Namun (dalam konteks ini) hanya digunakan dalam *ayat dan soalan negatif.* "I haven't finished it yet. I'll do it after dinner." Kata kerja tidak teratur yang anda akan pelajari dalam bahagian ini: "to leave"- "left"- "left" "to win"- "won"- "won" "to sell"- "sold"- "sold"

He has already left.

Dia sudah pun pergi.

He hasn't left yet.

Dia masih belum pergi.

to win

menang

We haven't won yet.

They have won the game today.

Mereka telah memenangi perlawanan hari ini.

We've met already.

Kita sudah pernah berjumpa.

We haven't met yet.

Kita belum pernah berjumpa.

Have you met Ted?

Awak kenal Ted ke?

to sell

menjual

Have you sold your car already?

to finish

menyiapkan

Have you finished your homework yet?

I've already been here.

Saya sudah pernah ke sini.

I’ve already been here, so I know the way to the park.

We have sold our old car.

Kami telah menjual kereta lama kami.

*Present Perfect Continuous* Sambungan sempurna hadir terbentuk dengan "have/has been"dan "-ing"bentuk kata kerja. Kami biasanya menggunakan tense ini untuk menekankan bahawa *sesuatu masih berterusan pada masa kini* : "It's been raining for hours." "I've been working all day." Notis: "it has"= "it's" "I have"= "I've"

I've been studying for hours.

Saya sudah belajar selama berjam-jam.

all day

sepanjang hari

It's been raining all day.

My father has been working all day.

Ayah saya bekerja sepanjang hari.

to talk

bercakap

Are you talking to me?

You've been talking too much.

Awak dah terlalu banyak bercakap.

lately

akhir-akhir ini

She hasn't been looking too well lately.

I haven't been feeling well lately.

Saya berasa kurang sihat sejak kebelakangan ini.

recently

baru-baru ini

She has recently started a new job.

She has been helping us recently.

Dia telah membantu kami sejak kebelakangan ini.

Have you been seeing her?

Adakah awak sedang keluar dengannya?

She has been seeing him for weeks now.

Dia sudah berjumpa dengannya selama beberapa minggu sekarang.

*Bagaimana untuk menggunakan Present Perfect Continuous tense?* Kami menggunakan "Present Perfect Continuous tense"untuk bercakap tentang tindakan yang bermula pada masa lalu dan berhenti baru-baru ini. Selalunya ada hasilnya sekarang. "I'm tired because I've been running." Kata kerja tidak teratur yang anda akan pelajari dalam bahagian ini: "to understand"- "understood"- "understood" "to run"- "ran"- "run" "to think"- "thought"- "thought"

It's been raining.

Hujan telah turun.

wet

basah

My clothes are wet from water.

the grass

rumput itu

Dogs wallowed on the grass.

The grass is wet because it's been raining.

Rumput itu basah kerana hujan telah turun.

Have you been listening?

Adakah anda mendengar tadi?

Have you been listening to the lesson?

to understand

untuk memahami

You don't understand because you haven't been listening.

They have understood the rules of the game.

Mereka telah memahami peraturan permainan itu.

a face

wajah

She has such a nice face.

to run

berlari

The dogs run across the road.

He has run three marathons in his life.

Dia telah berlari dalam tiga maraton sepanjang hidupnya.

Her face is red because she's been running.

Mukanya merah kerana dia baru lepas berlari.

to think

berfikir

I have thought about this recently.

I've been thinking about you.

Saya asyik teringatkan awak.

I've been thinking about you since our last conversation.

*"For"dan"since"* Kami sering menggunakan FOR dan SINCE dengan tenses yang sempurna: Kami gunakan untuk bercakap tentang tempoh masa: "for three hours" "for two months" Kami menggunakan sejak untuk bercakap tentang satu titik pada masa lalu: "since yesterday" "since 9 o'clock"

I have been studying for three hours.

Saya sudah belajar selama tiga jam.

since March

sejak bulan Mac

I've been seeing him since March.

She has been visiting us since March.

Dia telah melawat kami sejak bulan Mac.

since then

sejak itu

I moved to a new city last year, and since then, I have made many new friends.

I have been watching TV since 7pm.

Saya telah menonton TV sejak pukul 7 malam.

for a long time

untuk jangka masa yang lama

She's been living in New York for a long time now.

He has been playing football for a long time.

Dia sudah lama bermain bola sepak.

since I left school

sejak saya tamat sekolah

I have been unemployed since I left school.

I've been living in Berlin since I left school.

Saya telah tinggal di Berlin sejak saya tamat sekolah.

since yesterday

sejak semalam

I have been tired since yesterday.

It's been raining since yesterday.

Hujan sudah turun sejak semalam.

*Present perfect simple or continuous?* Kami menggunakan kedua-dua *present perfect simple ( "have"atau "has"+ past participle)* dan "present perfect continuous"( "have"atau "has"+ "been"+ "-ing"form) *untuk bercakap tentang tindakan atau keadaan lepas yang masih* bersambung dengan masa kini.* Present perfect simple biasanya memfokuskan pada hasil aktiviti. "You've cleaned the bathroom! It looks lovely!" Present perfect continuous biasanya memfokuskan pada aktiviti itu sendiri. "I've been gardening. It's so nice out there." Kata kerja tidak teratur yang anda akan pelajari dalam bahagian ini: "to write"- "wrote"- "written" "to read"- "read"- "read" "to have"- "had"- "had" "to grow"- "grew"- "grown"

I've been writing e-mails.

Saya sedang menulis e-mel.

I've been writing emails the whole day.

to write an email

menulis e-mel

I've written you an email.

I have written my homework, so now I can play outside.

Saya sudah siapkan kerja sekolah saya, jadi sekarang saya boleh bermain di luar.

Has it been raining?

Adakah hujan telah turun?

The grass looks wet. Has it been raining?

to read a book

membaca buku

She's read ten books this summer.

lovely

menawan

The children have cleaned the kitchen. It looks lovely!

I have had

Saya telah mempunyai

I have had a great time at the party.

We have had this car for five years.

Kami sudah memiliki kereta ini selama lima tahun.

I've had three coffees already today!

Saya sudah minum tiga cawan kopi hari ini!

to grow

tumbuh

My cousin has grown so much since I saw her two years ago.

you have grown

awak sudah membesar

You have grown so much since I last saw you!

Kamu sudah banyak membesar sejak kali terakhir saya melihat kamu!

I've been waiting for you.

Saya sudah lama menunggu awak.

They've been waiting for hours.

*Apabila tidak menggunakan present perfect tense* Jangan gunakan present perfect tense dengan masa tertentu. Ini mungkin mengelirukan, bagaimanapun, kerana *anda boleh menggunakan present perfect tense dengan tempoh masa yang luas.* Present perfect tense hanya *tidak betul jika digunakan dengan satu masa tertentu.* Menggunakan present perfect tense dengan julat masa umum boleh diterima dengan sempurna. "I went for a walk on Tuesday." "I have gone for a walk every Tuesday this year."