Hva startet og pågår fremdeles?engelske ord

by DuoCards

*Perfektum partisipp* Velkommen til kurset der vi skal snakke om ting som startet i fortid og fortsetter i nåtid! Som en oppvarming skal vi gå gjennom noen *uregelmessige verb* som du kanskje allerede kjenner. De vises vanligvis i *en liste med tre former: infinitiv, preteritum enkel og perfektum partisipp.* La oss ta en titt på disse eksemplene: "to see"- "saw"- "seen" "to meet"- "met"- "met" "to say"- "said"- "said"

to meet

møtes

I have met him before.

I have met...

Jeg har møtt...

I have met this guy before.

We have met before.

Vi har møttes før.

I thought I recognized you; we have met before at the conference.

before

før

I always brush my teeth before going to bed.

They have not met before.

De har ikke møttes før.

the influence

innflytelse

Don't let him influence you!

Travel has influenced my life.

Reise har påvirket livet mitt.

I have said...

Jeg har sagt...

I have said a few words.

I have said this many times before.

Jeg har sagt dette mange ganger før.

I have seen

Jeg har sett

I have seen him before.

Jeg har sett ham før.

She has not seen him before.

Hun har ikke sett ham før.

*Har du sett Memo i dag?* Presens perfektum dannes av *verbets presens "HAVE"og* perfektum partisipp av et verb *. * Vi bruker perfektum: * 1. For noe som* startet i fortiden og fortsetter i nåtiden *: "She has lived in Liverpool all her life." 2. Når vi snakker om* våre erfaringer frem til i dag *: "I have seen that movie before." 3. For noe som* skjedde i fortiden, men som er viktig i nåtiden*: "I can't get in the house. I have lost my keys." Uregelmessige verb du lærer i denne delen: "to know"- "knew"- "known" "to lose"- "lost"- "lost"

Have you seen him?

Har du sett ham?

he has seen

han har sett

He has seen the movie.

He has seen many things.

Han har sett mye.

I have lived

Jeg har bodd

I have lived in Paris my whole life.

I have lived here all my life.

Jeg har bodd her hele livet.

to lose

tape

I've lost the game.

we have lost

vi har tapt

We have lost the keys.

the appetite

matlyst

I have lost my appetite.

my whole life

hele livet mitt

My whole life I've been trying to deal with it.

I've known him my whole life.

Jeg har kjent ham hele livet.

*Nåtid perfekt for spørsmål* Når du stiller et spørsmål i presens perfektum, *kommer hjelpeverbet først* , etterfulgt av subjektet, og deretter partisippet til hovedverbet. "Have you eaten dinner yet?" "Has the party started?" Du kan også lage åpne spørsmål med presens perfekt: "Where have you been?" Uregelmessige verb du lærer i denne delen: "to hear""heard"-- "heard" "to do""did"-- "done"

Has it started?

Har det begynt?

Has the movie started?

Have we met?

Har vi møttes før?

Have we met before?

to hear

høre

Can you hear me well?

Have you heard of it?

Har du hørt om det?

Have you heard of it before?

to fail a class

å stryke i et fag

How many times have you failed a class?

Have you visited France?

Har du besøkt Frankrike?

foreign countries

utenlandske land

What foreign countries have you visited?

What have you done?

Hva har du gjort?

What have you done to me?

*Nåtid perfekt tid for negative* For å bruke presens perfektum i negativ, legg til det negative ordet (som ikke eller aldri) *etter hjelpeverbet, men før partisippet.* "I have not slept well since exams started." Uregelmessige verb du lærer i denne delen: "to sleep""slept"-- "slept" "to speak"- "spoke"- "spoken"

to sleep well

sove godt

I have not slept well since exams started.

I have not slept all night.

Jeg har ikke sovet i hele natt.

He has never seen it.

Han har aldri sett den.

My friend has never seen the ocean.

I haven't seen him today.

Jeg har ikke sett ham i dag.

to speak

snakke

He hasn't spoken to me yet.

She has spoken to the teacher about the problem.

Hun har snakket med læreren om problemet.

I have not done it.

Jeg har ikke gjort det.

I have not done it because I was busy with other things.

to reply

svare

She has not replied to my message yet.

We have never been there.

Vi har aldri vært der.

We have never been to Australia.

to reach

nå

The jury has not reached a verdict yet.

to receive an update

motta en oppdatering

We haven’t received any updates on our project.

*Aldri noen sinne!* Vi bruker ofte adverbet "ever"for å snakke om *erfaring frem til i dag* : "It was the worst day I have ever had." og vi bruker "never"for den *negative formen* : "I have never met his wife."

I have never seen you before.

Jeg har aldri sett deg før.

Have you ever heard of it?

Har du noen gang hørt om det?

a song

sang

I love this song!

I have heard that song before.

Jeg har hørt den sangen før.

Have you been here before?

Har du vært her før?

You have never been here before.

Du har aldri vært her før.

to say

What did he say about the party?

We have never said that.

Vi har aldri sagt det.

never ever

aldri mer

I promise to never ever do it again.

Vi bruker "have/has been" når noen *har dratt til et sted og kommet tilbake*: A: "Where have you been?" B: "I have just been out to the supermarket." Men når noen *ikke har kommet tilbake*, bruker vi "have/has gone": A: "Where's Maria? I haven't seen her for weeks." B: "She's gone to Paris for a week. She'll be back tomorrow." *Merk:* "I have" = "I've" "She has" = "she's" Preteritum og perfektum partisipp av verbene "to be" og "to go": "to be" - "was" / "were" - "been" "to go" - "went" - "gone"

Where have you been?

Hvor har du vært?

I've been...

Jeg har vært...

I've been to Germany before.

I've been to the grocery.

Jeg har vært i matbutikken.

I’ve been to the grocery, and I bought some fresh fruits.

I've been here before.

Jeg har vært her før.

As I entered the museum, I remembered, "I've been here before."

she has been

hun har vært

She has been to Germany before.

Has she been to Australia before?

Har hun vært i Australia før?

he has gone

han har dratt

He has gone to work.

He has gone to school.

Han har dratt på skolen.

They've gone too far.

De har gått for langt.

*"Already"eller "yet"?* "Already"Brukt med presens perfektum *betyr* «før nå» *. Vi bruker det for å understreke at* noe skjedde før noe annet *eller tidligere enn forventet. "The train has left already!" "Yet"Brukt med presens perfektum* betyr *når som helst frem til nå* . Vi bruker det for å understreke at vi forventer at noe skal skje snart. Yet (i denne sammenhengen) brukes bare i *nektende setninger og spørsmål.* "I haven't finished it yet. I'll do it after dinner." Uregelmessige verb du lærer i denne delen: "to leave"- "left"- "left" "to win"- "won"- "won" "to sell"- "sold"- "sold"

He has already left.

Han har allerede dratt.

He hasn't left yet.

Han har ikke dratt ennå.

to win

vinne

We haven't won yet.

They have won the game today.

De har vunnet kampen i dag.

We've met already.

Vi har møttes før.

We haven't met yet.

Vi har ikke møtt hverandre ennå.

Have you met Ted?

Kjenner du Ted?

to sell

selge

Have you sold your car already?

to finish

fullføre

Have you finished your homework yet?

I've already been here.

Jeg har allerede vært her.

I’ve already been here, so I know the way to the park.

We have sold our old car.

Vi har solgt den gamle bilen vår.

*Perfektum kontinuerlig* Perfektum kontinuum dannes med "have/has been"og "-ing"verbets form. Vi bruker vanligvis denne tiden for å understreke at *noe fortsatt pågår i presens* : "It's been raining for hours." "I've been working all day." Merknad: "it has"= "it's" "I have"= "I've"

I've been studying for hours.

Jeg har studert i timevis.

all day

hele dagen

It's been raining all day.

My father has been working all day.

Faren min har jobbet hele dagen.

to talk

snakke

Are you talking to me?

You've been talking too much.

Du har snakket for mye.

lately

i det siste

She hasn't been looking too well lately.

I haven't been feeling well lately.

Jeg har ikke følt meg bra i det siste.

recently

nylig

She has recently started a new job.

She has been helping us recently.

Hun har hjulpet oss i det siste.

Have you been seeing her?

Har du datet henne?

She has been seeing him for weeks now.

Hun har truffet ham i flere uker nå.

*Hvordan bruker man presens perfektum i kontinuitet?* Vi bruker "Present Perfect Continuous tense"til å snakke om handlinger som startet i fortiden og stoppet nylig. Det er vanligvis et resultat nå. "I'm tired because I've been running." Uregelmessige verb du lærer i denne delen: "to understand"- "understood"- "understood" "to run"- "ran"- "run" "to think"- "thought"- "thought"

It's been raining.

Det har regnet.

wet

våt

My clothes are wet from water.

the grass

gresset

Dogs wallowed on the grass.

The grass is wet because it's been raining.

Gresset er vått fordi det har regnet.

Have you been listening?

Har du fulgt med?

Have you been listening to the lesson?

to understand

forstå

You don't understand because you haven't been listening.

They have understood the rules of the game.

De har forstått spillereglene.

a face

ansikt

She has such a nice face.

to run

løpe

The dogs run across the road.

He has run three marathons in his life.

Han har løpt tre maraton i løpet av livet sitt.

Her face is red because she's been running.

Hun er rød i ansiktet fordi hun har løpt.

to think

tenke

I have thought about this recently.

I've been thinking about you.

Jeg har tenkt på deg.

I've been thinking about you since our last conversation.

*"For"og"since"* Vi bruker ofte FOR og SINCE i perfektum tid: Vi bruker for å snakke om en tidsperiode: "for three hours" "for two months" Vi bruker siden for å snakke om et punkt i fortiden: "since yesterday" "since 9 o'clock"

I have been studying for three hours.

Jeg har studert i tre timer.

since March

siden mars

I've been seeing him since March.

She has been visiting us since March.

Hun har besøkt oss siden mars.

since then

siden den gang

I moved to a new city last year, and since then, I have made many new friends.

I have been watching TV since 7pm.

Jeg har sett på TV siden klokken sju.

for a long time

i lang tid

She's been living in New York for a long time now.

He has been playing football for a long time.

Han har spilt fotball lenge.

since I left school

siden jeg sluttet på skolen

I have been unemployed since I left school.

I've been living in Berlin since I left school.

Jeg har bodd i Berlin siden jeg var ferdig på skolen.

since yesterday

siden i går

I have been tired since yesterday.

It's been raining since yesterday.

Det har regnet siden i går.

*Presens perfektum enkel eller kontinuerlig?* Vi bruker både *presens perfektum enkel ("have" eller "has" + partisipp)* og "presens perfektum kontinuerlig" ("have" eller "has" + "been" + "-ing" form)* for å snakke om handlinger eller tilstander fra fortiden som fortsatt er *knyttet til nåtiden.* Presens perfektum enkel fokuserer vanligvis på resultatet av aktiviteten. "You've cleaned the bathroom! It looks lovely!" Presens perfektum kontinuerlig fokuserer vanligvis på selve aktiviteten. "I've been gardening. It's so nice out there." Uregelmessige verb du vil lære i denne seksjonen: "to write" - "wrote" - "written" "to read" - "read" - "read" "to have" - "had" - "had" "to grow" - "grew" - "grown"

I've been writing e-mails.

Jeg har skrevet e-poster.

I've been writing emails the whole day.

to write an email

å skrive en e-post

I've written you an email.

I have written my homework, so now I can play outside.

Jeg har gjort leksene mine, så nå kan jeg leke ute.

Has it been raining?

Har det regnet?

The grass looks wet. Has it been raining?

to read a book

å lese en bok

She's read ten books this summer.

lovely

nydelig

The children have cleaned the kitchen. It looks lovely!

I have had

Jeg har hatt

I have had a great time at the party.

We have had this car for five years.

Vi har hatt denne bilen i fem år.

I've had three coffees already today!

Jeg har allerede drukket tre kopper kaffe i dag!

to grow

vokse

My cousin has grown so much since I saw her two years ago.

you have grown

du har vokst

You have grown so much since I last saw you!

Du har vokst så mye siden sist jeg så deg!

I've been waiting for you.

Jeg har ventet på deg.

They've been waiting for hours.

*Når man ikke skal bruke perfektum* Ikke bruk perfektum med et bestemt tidspunkt. Dette kan imidlertid være forvirrende, fordi *du kan bruke perfektum med en bred tidsperiode.* Perfektum presens er bare *feil hvis det brukes med én spesifikk tid.* Det er helt akseptabelt å bruke perfektum med et generelt tidsområde. "I went for a walk on Tuesday." "I have gone for a walk every Tuesday this year."