Šta je počelo i još uvek traje?Engleske reči

by DuoCards

*Прошли партицип* Добродошли на курс где ћемо говорити о стварима које су почеле у прошлости, а настављају се у садашњости! Као загревање, проћи ћемо кроз неке *неправилне глаголе* које можда већ знате. Обично су приказани у *листи од три облика: инфинитив, прошло време (просто време) и прошли партицип (партицип).* Хајде да погледамо ове примере: "to see"- "saw"- "seen" "to meet"- "met"- "met" "to say"- "said"- "said"

to meet

sresti se

I have met him before.

I have met...

Upoznao sam...

I have met this guy before.

We have met before.

Već smo se sreli.

I thought I recognized you; we have met before at the conference.

before

pre

I always brush my teeth before going to bed.

They have not met before.

Još se nisu upoznali.

the influence

uticaj

Don't let him influence you!

Travel has influenced my life.

Putovanja su uticala na moj život.

I have said...

Rekao sam...

I have said a few words.

I have said this many times before.

Rekao sam ovo mnogo puta ranije.

I have seen

Video sam

I have seen him before.

Već sam ga video.

She has not seen him before.

Ona ga ranije nije videla.

*Јеси ли видео/ла Мемо данас?* Садашњи перфекат се формира од *садашњег времена глагола "HAVE"и* прошлог партиципа глагола *. * Користимо садашњи перфекат: * 1. За нешто што* је почело у прошлости и наставља се у садашњости *: "She has lived in Liverpool all her life." 2. Када говоримо о* нашем искуству до сада *: "I have seen that movie before." 3. За нешто што* се догодило у прошлости, али је важно у садашњости*: "I can't get in the house. I have lost my keys." Неправилни глаголи које ћете научити у овом одељку: "to know"- "knew"- "known" "to lose"- "lost"- "lost"

Have you seen him?

Jesi li ga video?

he has seen

video je

He has seen the movie.

He has seen many things.

Video je mnogo toga.

I have lived

Živeo sam

I have lived in Paris my whole life.

I have lived here all my life.

Ceo život živim ovde.

to lose

izgubiti

I've lost the game.

we have lost

izgubili smo

We have lost the keys.

the appetite

apetit

I have lost my appetite.

my whole life

ceo moj život

My whole life I've been trying to deal with it.

I've known him my whole life.

Poznajem ga ceo život.

*Садашње савршено време за питања* Када се поставља питање у садашњем свршеном времену, *прво долази помоћни глагол* , затим субјекат, а затим глаголски прилог прошлости главног глагола. "Have you eaten dinner yet?" "Has the party started?" Такође можете учинити отворена питања са презентом савршеним: "Where have you been?" Неправилни глаголи које ћете научити у овом одељку: "to hear"- "heard"- "heard" "to do"- "did"- "done"

Has it started?

Da li je već počelo?

Has the movie started?

Have we met?

Jesmo li se upoznali?

Have we met before?

to hear

čuti

Can you hear me well?

Have you heard of it?

Jeste li čuli za to?

Have you heard of it before?

to fail a class

pasti godinu

How many times have you failed a class?

Have you visited France?

Da li ste posetili Francusku?

foreign countries

inostranstvo

What foreign countries have you visited?

What have you done?

Šta si uradio?

What have you done to me?

*Презент савршено време за негативне* Да бисте користили садашње савршено време у негативу, једноставно додајте негативну реч (као не или никад) *иза помоћног глагола, али испред глагола прошлог.* "I have not slept well since exams started." Неправилни глаголи које ћете научити у овом одељку: "to sleep"- "slept"- "slept" "to speak"- "spoke"- "spoken"

to sleep well

dobro spavati

I have not slept well since exams started.

I have not slept all night.

Nisam spavao celu noć.

He has never seen it.

Nikada to nije video.

My friend has never seen the ocean.

I haven't seen him today.

Nisam ga video danas.

to speak

govoriti

He hasn't spoken to me yet.

She has spoken to the teacher about the problem.

Razgovarala je sa nastavnikom o tom problemu.

I have not done it.

Nisam to uradio.

I have not done it because I was busy with other things.

to reply

odgovoriti

She has not replied to my message yet.

We have never been there.

Nikada nismo bili tamo.

We have never been to Australia.

to reach

dostići

The jury has not reached a verdict yet.

to receive an update

dobiti ažuriranje

We haven’t received any updates on our project.

*Никад више!* Често користимо прилог "ever"да говоримо о *искуству до сада* : "It was the worst day I have ever had." и користимо "never"за *негативан облик* : "I have never met his wife."

I have never seen you before.

Nikada vas ranije nisam video.

Have you ever heard of it?

Da li ste ikada čuli za to?

a song

pesma

I love this song!

I have heard that song before.

Već sam čuo tu pesmu.

Have you been here before?

Da li ste ranije bili ovde?

You have never been here before.

Nikada ranije nisi bio ovde.

to say

reći

What did he say about the party?

We have never said that.

Nikada to nismo rekli.

never ever

nikad više

I promise to never ever do it again.

*"Have been and have gone"* Користимо "have/has been"када је неко *отишао на неко место и вратио се* : О: "Where have you been?" Б: "I have just been out to the supermarket." Али када се неко *није вратио* , користимо "have/has gone": О: "Where's Maria? I haven't seen her for weeks." Б: "She's gone to Paris for a week. She'll be back tomorrow." *Обавештење:* "I have"= "I've" "She has"= "she's" Прошло време и прошли партицип глагола "to be"и "to go": "to be"- "was"/ "were"- "been" "to go"- "went"- "gone"

Where have you been?

Gde si bio?

I've been...

Bio sam...

I've been to Germany before.

I've been to the grocery.

Bio sam u prodavnici.

I’ve been to the grocery, and I bought some fresh fruits.

I've been here before.

Već sam bio ovde.

As I entered the museum, I remembered, "I've been here before."

she has been

bila je

She has been to Germany before.

Has she been to Australia before?

Da li je ona ikada ranije bila u Australiji?

he has gone

otišao je

He has gone to work.

He has gone to school.

Otišao je u školu.

They've gone too far.

Otišli su predaleko.

*"Already"или "yet"?* "Already"Користи се са садашњим перфектом *и значи* „пре сада“ *. Користимо га да нагласимо да* се нешто догодило пре нечег другог *или раније него што се очекивало. "The train has left already!" "Yet"Користи се са present perfect-ом* и значи *„у било које време до сада“* . Користимо га да нагласимо да очекујемо да ће се нешто ускоро догодити. „Ипак“ (у овом контексту) се користи само у *одричним реченицама и питањима.* "I haven't finished it yet. I'll do it after dinner." Неправилни глаголи које ћете научити у овом одељку: "to leave"- "left"- "left" "to win"- "won"- "won" "to sell"- "sold"- "sold"

He has already left.

Već je otišao.

He hasn't left yet.

Još uvek nije otišao.

to win

pobediti

We haven't won yet.

They have won the game today.

Danas su pobedili u utakmici.

We've met already.

Već smo se upoznali.

We haven't met yet.

Još se nismo upoznali.

Have you met Ted?

Znaš li Teda?

to sell

prodati

Have you sold your car already?

to finish

završiti

Have you finished your homework yet?

I've already been here.

Već sam bio ovde.

I’ve already been here, so I know the way to the park.

We have sold our old car.

Prodali smo naš stari auto.

*Present Perfect Continuous* Садашњи перфектни континуирани час се формира помоћу "have/has been"и "-ing"облика глагола. Обично користимо ово време да нагласимо да *се нешто још увек наставља у садашњости* : "It's been raining for hours." "I've been working all day." Обавештење: "it has"= "it's" "I have"= "I've"

I've been studying for hours.

Učim satima.

all day

ceo dan

It's been raining all day.

My father has been working all day.

Moj otac radi ceo dan.

to talk

govoriti

Are you talking to me?

You've been talking too much.

Previše pričaš.

lately

u poslednje vreme

She hasn't been looking too well lately.

I haven't been feeling well lately.

U poslednje vreme se ne osećam dobro.

recently

nedavno

She has recently started a new job.

She has been helping us recently.

Ona nam pomaže u poslednje vreme.

Have you been seeing her?

Viđaš li se sa njom?

She has been seeing him for weeks now.

Ona se viđa sa njim već nedeljama.

*Како се користи садашње савршено континуирано време?* Користимо га "Present Perfect Continuous tense"да бисмо говорили о радњи која је започела у прошлости и недавно се завршила. Обично сада постоји резултат. "I'm tired because I've been running." Неправилни глаголи које ћете научити у овом одељку: "to understand"- "understood"- "understood" "to run"- "ran"- "run" "to think"- "thought"- "thought"

It's been raining.

Padala je kiša.

wet

mokar

My clothes are wet from water.

the grass

trava

Dogs wallowed on the grass.

The grass is wet because it's been raining.

Trava je mokra jer je padala kiša.

Have you been listening?

Jesi li slušao?

Have you been listening to the lesson?

to understand

razumeti

You don't understand because you haven't been listening.

They have understood the rules of the game.

Shvatili su pravila igre.

a face

lice

She has such a nice face.

to run

trčati

The dogs run across the road.

He has run three marathons in his life.

Istrčao je tri maratona u svom životu.

Her face is red because she's been running.

Lice joj je crveno jer je trčala.

to think

razmišljati

I have thought about this recently.

I've been thinking about you.

Mislio sam na tebe.

I've been thinking about you since our last conversation.

*"For"и"since"* Често користимо FOR и SINCE са перфектним временима: Користимо да бисмо говорили о временском периоду: "for three hours" "for two months" Користимо термин „since“ да бисмо говорили о некој тачки у прошлом времену: "since yesterday" "since 9 o'clock"

I have been studying for three hours.

Učim već tri sata.

since March

od marta

I've been seeing him since March.

She has been visiting us since March.

Posećuje nas od marta.

since then

od tada

I moved to a new city last year, and since then, I have made many new friends.

I have been watching TV since 7pm.

Gledam televiziju od sedam sati uveče.

for a long time

dugo vremena

She's been living in New York for a long time now.

He has been playing football for a long time.

On već dugo igra fudbal.

since I left school

otkako sam završio školu

I have been unemployed since I left school.

I've been living in Berlin since I left school.

Živim u Berlinu otkako sam završio školu.

since yesterday

od juče

I have been tired since yesterday.

It's been raining since yesterday.

Pada kiša od juče.

*Презент свршен једноставан или континуиран?* Користимо и *садашњи свршени глагол (for after perfect simple - "have"или "has"+ партицип прошли)* и "present perfect continuous""have""has""been""-ing"облик (for after particip + +) *да бисмо говорили о прошлим радњама или стањима која су још увек* повезана са садашњошћу.* Садашњи свршени једноставан временски период обично се фокусира на резултат активности. "You've cleaned the bathroom! It looks lovely!" Садашњи свршени континуирани временски облик обично се фокусира на саму активност. "I've been gardening. It's so nice out there." Неправилни глаголи које ћете научити у овом одељку: "to write"- "wrote"- "written" "to read"- "read"- "read" "to have"- "had"- "had" "to grow"- "grew"- "grown"

I've been writing e-mails.

Pisao sam imejlove.

I've been writing emails the whole day.

to write an email

napisati imejl

I've written you an email.

I have written my homework, so now I can play outside.

Napisao sam domaći zadatak, tako da sada mogu da se igram napolju.

Has it been raining?

Je li padala kiša?

The grass looks wet. Has it been raining?

to read a book

čitati knjigu

She's read ten books this summer.

lovely

ljupko

The children have cleaned the kitchen. It looks lovely!

I have had

Imao sam

I have had a great time at the party.

We have had this car for five years.

Imamo ovaj auto već pet godina.

I've had three coffees already today!

Danas sam već popio tri kafe!

to grow

rasti

My cousin has grown so much since I saw her two years ago.

you have grown

porastao si

You have grown so much since I last saw you!

Tako si porasla od kada sam te poslednji put videla!

I've been waiting for you.

Čekao sam te.

They've been waiting for hours.

*Када не треба користити садашње свршено време* Не користите садашње свршено време са одређеним временом. Међутим, ово може бити збуњујуће, јер *можете користити садашње свршено време са широким временским периодом.* Садашње перфектно време је *неправилно само ако се користи са једним одређеним временом.* Употреба садашњег перфектног времена са општим временским распоном је сасвим прихватљива. "I went for a walk on Tuesday." "I have gone for a walk every Tuesday this year."