Ano ang nagsimula at kasalukuyan pa ring nagpapatuloy?Mga salitang Ingles

by DuoCards

*Ang Past Participle* Maligayang pagdating sa kurso kung saan pag-uusapan natin ang mga bagay na nagsimula sa nakaraan at nagpapatuloy sa kasalukuyan! Bilang isang warm-up, dadaan tayo sa ilang *hindi regular na pandiwa* na maaaring alam mo na. Karaniwang ipinapakita ang mga ito sa *isang listahan ng tatlong anyo: ang infinitive, ang past simple, at ang past participle.* Tingnan natin ang mga halimbawang ito: "to see"- "saw"- "seen" "to meet"- "met"- "met" "to say"- "said"- "said"

to meet

magkita

I have met him before.

I have met...

Nakilala ko na...

I have met this guy before.

We have met before.

Nagkita na tayo dati.

I thought I recognized you; we have met before at the conference.

before

bago

I always brush my teeth before going to bed.

They have not met before.

Hindi pa sila nagkikita noon.

the influence

ang impluwensya

Don't let him influence you!

Travel has influenced my life.

Ang paglalakbay ay nagkaroon ng impluwensya sa aking buhay.

I have said...

Nasabi ko na...

I have said a few words.

I have said this many times before.

Nasabi ko na ito nang maraming beses noon.

I have seen

Nakita ko na

I have seen him before.

Nakita ko na siya dati.

She has not seen him before.

Hindi pa niya siya nakikita noon.

*Nakita mo ba si Memo ngayon?* Ang kasalukuyang perpekto ay nabuo mula sa *kasalukuyang panahunan ng pandiwa "HAVE"at ang* nakalipas na participle ng isang pandiwa *. * Ginagamit namin ang kasalukuyang perpekto: * 1. Para sa isang bagay na* nagsimula sa nakaraan at nagpapatuloy sa kasalukuyan *: "She has lived in Liverpool all her life." 2. 2pag-uusapan natin ang* ating karanasan hanggang sa kasalukuyan *: "I have seen that movie before." 3. Para sa isang bagay na* nangyari sa nakaraan ngunit mahalaga sa kasalukuyan*: "I can't get in the house. I have lost my keys." Mga hindi regular na pandiwa na matututunan mo sa seksyong ito: "to know"- "knew"- "known" "to lose"- "lost"- "lost"

Have you seen him?

Nakita mo ba siya?

he has seen

nakita na niya

He has seen the movie.

He has seen many things.

Marami na siyang nakita.

I have lived

Nanirahan ako

I have lived in Paris my whole life.

I have lived here all my life.

Buong buhay ko ay dito na ako nakatira.

to lose

matalo

I've lost the game.

we have lost

talo na kami

We have lost the keys.

the appetite

ang gana sa pagkain

I have lost my appetite.

my whole life

buong buhay ko

My whole life I've been trying to deal with it.

I've known him my whole life.

Kilala ko na siya buong buhay ko.

*Ang kasalukuyang perpektong panahunan para sa mga tanong* Kapag nagtatanong sa kasalukuyang perpektong panahunan, *nauuna ang pandiwang pantulong* , na sinusundan ng paksa, at pagkatapos ay ang past participle ng pangunahing pandiwa. "Have you eaten dinner yet?" "Has the party started?" Maaari ka ring gumawa ng mga bukas na tanong gamit ang present perfect: "Where have you been?" Mga hindi regular na pandiwa na matututunan mo sa seksyong ito: "to hear"- "heard"- "heard" "to do"- "did"- "done"

Has it started?

Nagsimula na ba?

Has the movie started?

Have we met?

Nagkita na ba tayo?

Have we met before?

to hear

marinig

Can you hear me well?

Have you heard of it?

Narinig mo na ba ang tungkol doon?

Have you heard of it before?

to fail a class

bumagsak sa klase

How many times have you failed a class?

Have you visited France?

Nakapunta ka na ba sa France?

foreign countries

mga banyagang bansa

What foreign countries have you visited?

What have you done?

Ano ang ginawa mo?

What have you done to me?

*Ang kasalukuyang perpektong panahunan para sa mga negatibo* Upang gamitin ang kasalukuyang perpektong panahunan sa negatibo, idagdag lamang ang negatibong salita (tulad ng hindi o hindi kailanman) *pagkatapos ng pandiwang pantulong ngunit bago ang nakalipas na pandiwa.* "I have not slept well since exams started." Mga hindi regular na pandiwa na matututunan mo sa seksyong ito: "to sleep"- "slept"- "slept" "to speak"- "spoke"- "spoken"

to sleep well

makatulog nang mahimbing

I have not slept well since exams started.

I have not slept all night.

Hindi ako nakatulog buong gabi.

He has never seen it.

Hindi pa niya ito nakikita.

My friend has never seen the ocean.

I haven't seen him today.

Hindi ko siya nakita ngayong araw.

to speak

magsalita

He hasn't spoken to me yet.

She has spoken to the teacher about the problem.

Nakausap na niya ang guro tungkol sa problema.

I have not done it.

Hindi ko pa ito nagagawa.

I have not done it because I was busy with other things.

to reply

sumagot

She has not replied to my message yet.

We have never been there.

Hindi pa kami nakakapunta roon.

We have never been to Australia.

to reach

maabot

The jury has not reached a verdict yet.

to receive an update

makatanggap ng update

We haven’t received any updates on our project.

*Hindi kailanman!* Madalas nating ginagamit ang pang-abay "ever"upang pag-usapan *ang karanasan hanggang sa kasalukuyan* : "It was the worst day I have ever had." at ginagamit namin "never"para sa *negatibong anyo* : "I have never met his wife."

I have never seen you before.

Hindi pa kita nakikita noon.

Have you ever heard of it?

Narinig mo na ba ang tungkol doon?

a song

isang kanta

I love this song!

I have heard that song before.

Narinig ko na ang kantang iyon dati.

Have you been here before?

Nakapunta ka na ba rito dati?

You have never been here before.

Hindi ka pa nakakapunta rito dati.

to say

sabihin

What did he say about the party?

We have never said that.

Hindi namin kailanman sinabi iyon.

never ever

hinding-hindi na

I promise to never ever do it again.

*"Have been and have gone"* Ginagamit namin "have/has been"kapag may *pumunta sa isang lugar at bumalik* : A: "Where have you been?" B: "I have just been out to the supermarket." Ngunit kapag ang isang tao ay *hindi bumalik* , ginagamit namin ang "have/has gone": A: "Where's Maria? I haven't seen her for weeks." B: "She's gone to Paris for a week. She'll be back tomorrow." *Paunawa:* "I have"= "I've" "She has"= "she's" Ang simpleng nakaraan at ang nakalipas na participle ng mga pandiwa "to be"at "to go": "to be"- "was"/ "were"- "been" "to go"- "went"- "gone"

Where have you been?

Saan ka galing?

I've been...

Ako ay...

I've been to Germany before.

I've been to the grocery.

Galing ako sa grocery.

I’ve been to the grocery, and I bought some fresh fruits.

I've been here before.

Nakarating na ako rito dati.

As I entered the museum, I remembered, "I've been here before."

she has been

siya ay naging

She has been to Germany before.

Has she been to Australia before?

Nakapunta na ba siya sa Australia dati?

he has gone

umalis na siya

He has gone to work.

He has gone to school.

Pumasok siya sa paaralan.

They've gone too far.

Sobra na sila.

*"Already"o kaya "yet"?* "Already"ginamit sa kasalukuyang perpektong *paraan* bago ngayon *. Ginagamit namin ito upang bigyang-diin na* may nangyari bago ang iba *o mas maaga kaysa sa inaasahan. "The train has left already!" "Yet"ginamit sa kasalukuyang perpektong* paraan *anumang oras hanggang ngayon* . Ginagamit namin ito upang bigyang-diin na inaasahan naming may mangyayari sa lalong madaling panahon. Gayunpaman (sa kontekstong ito) ay ginagamit lamang sa *mga negatibong pangungusap at tanong.* "I haven't finished it yet. I'll do it after dinner." Mga hindi regular na pandiwa na matututunan mo sa seksyong ito: "to leave"- "left"- "left" "to win"- "won"- "won" "to sell"- "sold"- "sold"

He has already left.

Umalis na siya.

He hasn't left yet.

Hindi pa siya umaalis.

to win

manalo

We haven't won yet.

They have won the game today.

Nanalo sila sa laro ngayong araw.

We've met already.

Nagkita na tayo dati.

We haven't met yet.

Hindi pa tayo nagkikita.

Have you met Ted?

Kilala mo ba si Ted?

to sell

magbenta

Have you sold your car already?

to finish

tapusin

Have you finished your homework yet?

I've already been here.

Nakarating na ako rito.

I’ve already been here, so I know the way to the park.

We have sold our old car.

Naibenta na namin ang aming lumang kotse.

*Present Perfect Continuous* Ang kasalukuyang perpektong tuloy-tuloy ay nabuo sa "have/has been"at ang "-ing"anyo ng pandiwa. Karaniwan naming ginagamit ang panahunan na ito upang bigyang-diin na *may nagpapatuloy pa rin sa kasalukuyan* : "It's been raining for hours." "I've been working all day." Paunawa: "it has"= "it's" "I have"= "I've"

I've been studying for hours.

Ilang oras na akong nag-aaral.

all day

buong araw

It's been raining all day.

My father has been working all day.

Maghapon na nagtatrabaho ang tatay ko.

to talk

magsalita

Are you talking to me?

You've been talking too much.

Masyado ka nang madaldal.

lately

nitong mga nakaraang araw

She hasn't been looking too well lately.

I haven't been feeling well lately.

Hindi ako nakakaramdam ng maayos nitong mga nakaraang araw.

recently

kamakailan

She has recently started a new job.

She has been helping us recently.

Tinutulungan niya tayo nitong mga nakaraang araw.

Have you been seeing her?

Nagkikita ba kayo?

She has been seeing him for weeks now.

Ilang linggo na silang nagkikita.

*Paano gamitin ang Present Perfect Continuous tense?* Ginagamit namin ang "Present Perfect Continuous tense"para pag-usapan ang pagkilos na nagsimula noong nakaraan at huminto kamakailan. Kadalasan may resulta na ngayon. "I'm tired because I've been running." Mga hindi regular na pandiwa na matututunan mo sa seksyong ito: "to understand"- "understood"- "understood" "to run"- "ran"- "run" "to think"- "thought"- "thought"

It's been raining.

Umulan nang umulan.

wet

basa

My clothes are wet from water.

the grass

ang damo

Dogs wallowed on the grass.

The grass is wet because it's been raining.

Basa ang damo dahil umuulan.

Have you been listening?

Nakikinig ka ba?

Have you been listening to the lesson?

to understand

umintindi

You don't understand because you haven't been listening.

They have understood the rules of the game.

Naintindihan na nila ang mga patakaran ng laro.

a face

isang mukha

She has such a nice face.

to run

tumakbo

The dogs run across the road.

He has run three marathons in his life.

Nakapagtakbo na siya ng tatlong marathon sa kanyang buhay.

Her face is red because she's been running.

Pula ang mukha niya dahil tumakbo siya.

to think

mag-isip

I have thought about this recently.

I've been thinking about you.

Iniisip kita.

I've been thinking about you since our last conversation.

*"For"at"since"* Madalas nating ginagamit ang FOR at SINCE na may perpektong panahunan: Ginagamit namin para sa pag-uusap tungkol sa isang yugto ng panahon: "for three hours" "for two months" Ginagamit namin ang since para pag-usapan ang isang punto sa nakalipas na panahon: "since yesterday" "since 9 o'clock"

I have been studying for three hours.

Tatlong oras na akong nag-aaral.

since March

mula noong Marso

I've been seeing him since March.

She has been visiting us since March.

Bumisita siya sa amin simula noong Marso.

since then

mula noon

I moved to a new city last year, and since then, I have made many new friends.

I have been watching TV since 7pm.

Nanonood ako ng TV simula pa noong alas-siyete ng gabi.

for a long time

sa mahabang panahon

She's been living in New York for a long time now.

He has been playing football for a long time.

Matagal na siyang naglalaro ng football.

since I left school

mula noong umalis ako sa paaralan

I have been unemployed since I left school.

I've been living in Berlin since I left school.

Nakatira na ako sa Berlin simula noong grumadweyt ako.

since yesterday

mula pa kahapon

I have been tired since yesterday.

It's been raining since yesterday.

Umuulan na simula pa kahapon.

*Present perfect simple o tuluy-tuloy?* Ginagamit namin pareho ang *present perfect simple ( "have"o "has"+ past participle)* at ang "present perfect continuous"( "have"o "has"+ "been"+ "-ing"form) *upang pag-usapan ang tungkol sa mga nakaraang aksyon o estado na konektado pa rin* sa kasalukuyan.* Ang kasalukuyang perpektong simple ay karaniwang nakatuon sa resulta ng aktibidad. "You've cleaned the bathroom! It looks lovely!" Ang kasalukuyang perpektong tuloy-tuloy ay karaniwang nakatuon sa aktibidad mismo. "I've been gardening. It's so nice out there." Mga hindi regular na pandiwa na matututunan mo sa seksyong ito: "to write"- "wrote"- "written" "to read"- "read"- "read" "to have"- "had"- "had" "to grow"- "grew"- "grown"

I've been writing e-mails.

Nagsusulat ako ng mga e-mail.

I've been writing emails the whole day.

to write an email

sumulat ng email

I've written you an email.

I have written my homework, so now I can play outside.

Nagawa ko na ang aking takdang-aralin, kaya maaari na akong maglaro sa labas.

Has it been raining?

Umuulan ba?

The grass looks wet. Has it been raining?

to read a book

magbasa ng libro

She's read ten books this summer.

lovely

kaakit-akit

The children have cleaned the kitchen. It looks lovely!

I have had

Nagkaroon ako

I have had a great time at the party.

We have had this car for five years.

Limang taon na naming pagmamay-ari ang kotse na ito.

I've had three coffees already today!

Nakaka-tatlong kape na ako ngayong araw!

to grow

lumago

My cousin has grown so much since I saw her two years ago.

you have grown

lumaki ka na

You have grown so much since I last saw you!

Ang laki mo na simula noong huli kitang nakita!

I've been waiting for you.

Matagal na kitang hinihintay.

They've been waiting for hours.

*Kailan hindi dapat gamitin ang present perfect tense* Huwag gamitin ang present perfect tense na may partikular na oras. Maaaring ito ay nakalilito, gayunpaman, dahil *maaari mong gamitin ang kasalukuyang perpektong panahunan na may malawak na yugto ng panahon.* Ang kasalukuyang perpektong panahunan ay *mali lamang kung ginamit sa isang tiyak na oras.* Ang paggamit ng kasalukuyang perpektong panahunan na may pangkalahatang saklaw ng oras ay ganap na katanggap-tanggap. "I went for a walk on Tuesday." "I have gone for a walk every Tuesday this year."