Nima boshlandi va hali ham davom etmoqda?Inglizcha so'zlar

by DuoCards

*O‘tgan zamon ishtirokchisi* O'tmishda boshlangan va hozirda davom etayotgan narsalar haqida suhbatlashadigan kursga xush kelibsiz! Isitish sifatida biz siz allaqachon bilishingiz mumkin bo'lgan *tartibsiz fe'llarni* ko'rib chiqamiz. Ular odatda *uchta shakldan iborat ro'yxatda ko'rsatiladi: infinitiv, o'tgan sodda va o'tgan zamon.* Keling, ushbu misollarni ko'rib chiqaylik: "to see"- "saw"- "seen" "to meet"- "met"- "met" "to say"- "said"- "said"

to meet

uchrashmoq

I have met him before.

I have met...

Men uchrashdim...

I have met this guy before.

We have met before.

Biz oldin uchrashganmiz.

I thought I recognized you; we have met before at the conference.

before

oldin

I always brush my teeth before going to bed.

They have not met before.

Ular hali uchrashishmagan.

the influence

ta'sir

Don't let him influence you!

Travel has influenced my life.

Sayohat hayotimga ta'sir qildi.

I have said...

Men aytganman...

I have said a few words.

I have said this many times before.

Men buni avval ham ko'p marta aytganman.

I have seen

Ko'rganman

I have seen him before.

Men uni avval ko'rganman.

She has not seen him before.

U uni ilgari ko'rmagan.

*Bugun Memoni ko'rdingizmi?* Present perfect *fe'lning hozirgi zamon "HAVE"va* fe'lning o'tgan zamon sifatdoshidan yasaladi *. * Biz hozirgi mukammaldan foydalanamiz: * 1. O‘tmishda boshlanib, hozirda davom etayotgan narsa uchun* *: "She has lived in Liverpool all her life." 2. 2Biz hozirgacha bo'lgan tajribamiz haqida gapirganda* *: "I have seen that movie before." 3. O'tmishda sodir bo'lgan, ammo hozirgi paytda muhim bo'lgan narsa uchun* *: "I can't get in the house. I have lost my keys." Ushbu bo'limda siz tartibsiz fe'llarni o'rganasiz: "to know"- "knew"- "known" "to lose"- "lost"- "lost"

Have you seen him?

Uni ko'rdingmi?

he has seen

u ko'rgan

He has seen the movie.

He has seen many things.

U ko'p narsalarni ko'rgan.

I have lived

Yashaganman

I have lived in Paris my whole life.

I have lived here all my life.

Men butun umrim davomida shu yerda yashaganman.

to lose

yutqazmoq

I've lost the game.

we have lost

biz yo'qotdik

We have lost the keys.

the appetite

ishtaha

I have lost my appetite.

my whole life

butun umrim

My whole life I've been trying to deal with it.

I've known him my whole life.

Men uni butun umrim davomida taniyman.

*Savollar uchun hozirgi mukammal zamon* Hozirgi mukammal zamonda savol berilganda *birinchi navbatda yordamchi fe'l, keyin esa mavzu, keyin esa asosiy fe'lning o'tgan zamon sifatdoshi keladi* . "Have you eaten dinner yet?" "Has the party started?" Shuningdek, siz hozirgi mukammal bilan ochiq savollar berishingiz mumkin: "Where have you been?" Ushbu bo'limda siz tartibsiz fe'llarni o'rganasiz: "to hear"- "heard"- "heard" "to do"- "did"- "done"

Has it started?

Boshlandimi?

Has the movie started?

Have we met?

Oldin ko'rishganmizmi?

Have we met before?

to hear

eshitmoq

Can you hear me well?

Have you heard of it?

Bu haqda eshitganmisiz?

Have you heard of it before?

to fail a class

sinfdan yiqilish

How many times have you failed a class?

Have you visited France?

Fransiyada bo'lganmisiz?

foreign countries

xorijiy davlatlar

What foreign countries have you visited?

What have you done?

Nima qilib qo'yding?

What have you done to me?

*Inkorlar uchun hozirgi mukammal zamon* Hozirgi mukammal zamonni inkorda ishlatish uchun *yordamchi fe’ldan keyin, lekin o‘tgan zamon zamonidan oldin inkor so‘zini qo‘shish kifoya (yo‘q yoki hech qachon).* "I have not slept well since exams started." Ushbu bo'limda siz tartibsiz fe'llarni o'rganasiz: "to sleep"- "slept"- "slept" "to speak"- "spoke"- "spoken"

to sleep well

yaxshi uxlash

I have not slept well since exams started.

I have not slept all night.

Tun bo'yi uxlaganim yo'q.

He has never seen it.

U buni hech qachon ko'rmagan.

My friend has never seen the ocean.

I haven't seen him today.

Bugun uni ko'rmadim.

to speak

gapirmoq

He hasn't spoken to me yet.

She has spoken to the teacher about the problem.

U muammo haqida o'qituvchi bilan gaplashib oldi.

I have not done it.

Men buni qilganim yo'q.

I have not done it because I was busy with other things.

to reply

javob bermoq

She has not replied to my message yet.

We have never been there.

Biz u yerda hech qachon bo'lmaganmiz.

We have never been to Australia.

to reach

erishmoq

The jury has not reached a verdict yet.

to receive an update

yangilanishni qabul qilish

We haven’t received any updates on our project.

*Hech qachon!* Biz ko'pincha "ever"*qo'shimchani hozirgi kungacha bo'lgan tajriba* haqida gapirish uchun ishlatamiz: "It was the worst day I have ever had." va biz "never"*salbiy shakl* uchun foydalanamiz: "I have never met his wife."

I have never seen you before.

Sizni ilgari hech ko'rmaganman.

Have you ever heard of it?

Bu haqda hech eshitganmisiz?

a song

qo'shiq

I love this song!

I have heard that song before.

Men u qo'shiqni avval ham eshitganman.

Have you been here before?

Siz bu yerda oldin bo'lganmisiz?

You have never been here before.

Siz ilgari hech qachon bu yerda bo'lmagansiz.

to say

aytmoq

What did he say about the party?

We have never said that.

Biz hech qachon bunday demaganmiz.

never ever

hech qachon boshqa qaytarilmasin

I promise to never ever do it again.

*"Have been and have gone"* "have/has been"Kimdir *biror joyga borib qaytganida* biz foydalanamiz: A: "Where have you been?" B: "I have just been out to the supermarket." Ammo kimdir *qaytib kelmasa* , biz foydalanamiz "have/has gone": A: "Where's Maria? I haven't seen her for weeks." B: "She's gone to Paris for a week. She'll be back tomorrow." *Eslatma:* "I have"= "I've" "She has"= "she's" Fe'llarning sodda o'tmish va o'tgan zamon sifatdoshi "to be"va "to go": "to be"- "was"/ "were"- "been" "to go"- "went"- "gone"

Where have you been?

Qayerda edingiz?

I've been...

Men bo'lganman...

I've been to Germany before.

I've been to the grocery.

Men do'konda edim.

I’ve been to the grocery, and I bought some fresh fruits.

I've been here before.

Men bu yerda oldin ham bo'lganman.

As I entered the museum, I remembered, "I've been here before."

she has been

u bo'lgan

She has been to Germany before.

Has she been to Australia before?

U avval Avstraliyada bo'lganmi?

he has gone

u ketib qoldi

He has gone to work.

He has gone to school.

U maktabga ketdi.

They've gone too far.

Ular haddan oshib ketishdi.

*"Already" yoki "yet" ?* "Already" hozirgi zamon perfekt bilan ishlatilganda* *hozirgacha* degan ma'noni anglatadi. Biz uni ta'kidlash uchun ishlatamiz, *biror narsa boshqa narsadan oldin sodir bo'lgan* yoki kutilganidan oldinroq.* "The train has left already!" "Yet" hozirgi zamon perfekt bilan ishlatilganda* *hozirgacha har qanday vaqtda* degan ma'noni anglatadi. Biz uni biror narsa tez orada sodir bo'lishini kutayotganimizni ta'kidlash uchun ishlatamiz. Yet (bu kontekstda) faqat *inkor gaplar va savollarda ishlatiladi.* "I haven't finished it yet. I'll do it after dinner." Ushbu bo'limda o'rganadigan notekis fe'llar: "to leave" - "left" - "left" "to win" - "won" - "won" "to sell" - "sold" - "sold"

He has already left.

U allaqachon ketib bo'ldi.

He hasn't left yet.

U hali ketgani yo'q.

to win

g'alaba qozonmoq

We haven't won yet.

They have won the game today.

Ular bugungi o'yinda g'alaba qozonishdi.

We've met already.

Biz allaqachon uchrashganmiz.

We haven't met yet.

Biz hali uchrashganimiz yo'q.

Have you met Ted?

Tedni taniysizmi?

to sell

sotmoq

Have you sold your car already?

to finish

tugatmoq

Have you finished your homework yet?

I've already been here.

Men bu yerda bo'lganman.

I’ve already been here, so I know the way to the park.

We have sold our old car.

Eski mashinamizni sotib yubordik.

*Present Perfect Continuous* Hozirgi mukammal davomli "have/has been""-ing"fe’lning va shakli bilan yasaladi. Biz odatda *hozirgi zamonda nimadir davom etayotganini* ta'kidlash uchun ushbu zamondan foydalanamiz: "It's been raining for hours." "I've been working all day." Eslatma: "it has"= "it's" "I have"= "I've"

I've been studying for hours.

Men necha soatdan beri dars qilyapman.

all day

kun bo'yi

It's been raining all day.

My father has been working all day.

Otam kun bo'yi ishlayapti.

to talk

gapirmoq

Are you talking to me?

You've been talking too much.

Siz juda ko'p gapirib yuboryapsiz.

lately

oxirgi paytlarda

She hasn't been looking too well lately.

I haven't been feeling well lately.

Oxirgi paytlarda o'zimni yaxshi his qilmayapman.

recently

yaqinda

She has recently started a new job.

She has been helping us recently.

U oxirgi paytlarda bizga yordam berib kelmoqda.

Have you been seeing her?

U bilan ko'rishib turibsanmi?

She has been seeing him for weeks now.

U u bilan bir necha haftadan beri uchrashib yuribdi.

*Present Perfect Continuous zamon qanday ishlatiladi?* Biz "Present Perfect Continuous tense"o'tmishda boshlangan va yaqinda to'xtagan harakatlar haqida gapirish uchun foydalanamiz. Odatda natija hozir bo'ladi. "I'm tired because I've been running." Ushbu bo'limda siz tartibsiz fe'llarni o'rganasiz: "to understand"- "understood"- "understood" "to run"- "ran"- "run" "to think"- "thought"- "thought"

It's been raining.

Yomg'ir yog'ib turgan edi.

wet

ho'l

My clothes are wet from water.

the grass

o't

Dogs wallowed on the grass.

The grass is wet because it's been raining.

Yomg'ir yog'gani sababli o'tlar nam.

Have you been listening?

Eshitayotganmidingiz?

Have you been listening to the lesson?

to understand

tushunmoq

You don't understand because you haven't been listening.

They have understood the rules of the game.

Ular o'yin qoidalarini tushunib olishdi.

a face

yuz

She has such a nice face.

to run

yugurmoq

The dogs run across the road.

He has run three marathons in his life.

U hayoti davomida uchta marafonda yugurgan.

Her face is red because she's been running.

Yugurgani sababli uning yuzi qizarib ketgan.

to think

o'ylamoq

I have thought about this recently.

I've been thinking about you.

Sizni o'ylab yurgan edim.

I've been thinking about you since our last conversation.

*"For"va"since"* Biz ko'pincha FOR va SINCE ni mukammal zamon bilan ishlatamiz: Biz vaqt davri haqida gapirish uchun foydalanamiz: "for three hours" "for two months" Biz o'tgan vaqtdagi bir nuqta haqida gapirish uchun beri foydalanamiz: "since yesterday" "since 9 o'clock"

I have been studying for three hours.

Uch soatdan beri dars qilyapman.

since March

martdan beri

I've been seeing him since March.

She has been visiting us since March.

U mart oyidan beri biznikiga kelib turibdi.

since then

o'shandan beri

I moved to a new city last year, and since then, I have made many new friends.

I have been watching TV since 7pm.

Men soat 19:00 dan beri televizor ko'ryapman.

for a long time

uzoq vaqt davomida

She's been living in New York for a long time now.

He has been playing football for a long time.

U ancha vaqtdan beri futbol o'ynab keladi.

since I left school

maktabni bitirganimdan beri

I have been unemployed since I left school.

I've been living in Berlin since I left school.

O'qishni tugatganimdan beri Berlinda yashayapman.

since yesterday

kechadan beri

I have been tired since yesterday.

It's been raining since yesterday.

Kechadan beri yomg'ir yog'yapti.

Hozirgi zamonning soddasi yoki davomiyligi? Biz *hozirgi zamonning soddasi* ("have" yoki "has" + o'tgan zamonning uchinchi shakli) va "hozirgi zamonning davomiyligi" ("have" yoki "has" + "been" + "-ing" shakli)ni o'tmishda sodir bo'lgan, lekin hozirgi zamon bilan bog'liq bo'lgan harakatlar yoki holatlar haqida gapirish uchun ishlatamiz.* Hozirgi zamonning soddasi odatda faoliyatning natijasiga e'tibor qaratadi. "You've cleaned the bathroom! It looks lovely!" Hozirgi zamonning davomiyligi odatda faoliyatning o'ziga e'tibor qaratadi. "I've been gardening. It's so nice out there." Ushbu bo'limda o'rganadigan notekis fe'llar: "to write" - "wrote" - "written" "to read" - "read" - "read" "to have" - "had" - "had" "to grow" - "grew" - "grown"

I've been writing e-mails.

Men elektron xatlar yozayotgan edim.

I've been writing emails the whole day.

to write an email

elektron xat yozish

I've written you an email.

I have written my homework, so now I can play outside.

Uy vazifamni yozib bo'ldim, shuning uchun endi ko'chada o'ynashim mumkin.

Has it been raining?

Yomg'ir yog'ayotganmidi?

The grass looks wet. Has it been raining?

to read a book

kitob o'qish

She's read ten books this summer.

lovely

maftunkor

The children have cleaned the kitchen. It looks lovely!

I have had

Menda bo'lgan

I have had a great time at the party.

We have had this car for five years.

Bizda bu mashina borligiga besh yil bo'ldi.

I've had three coffees already today!

Bugun allaqachon uchta kofe ichib bo'ldim!

to grow

o'smoq

My cousin has grown so much since I saw her two years ago.

you have grown

ulg'aydingiz

You have grown so much since I last saw you!

Seni oxirgi marta ko'rganimdan beri ancha o'sib qolibsan!

I've been waiting for you.

Sizni kutayotgan edim.

They've been waiting for hours.

*Qachon hozirgi mukammal zamonni ishlatmaslik kerak* Muayyan vaqt bilan hozirgi mukammal zamonni ishlatmang. Biroq, bu chalkash bo'lishi mumkin, chunki *siz hozirgi mukammal zamonni keng vaqt oralig'ida ishlatishingiz mumkin.* Hozirgi mukammal zamon faqat *ma'lum bir vaqt bilan ishlatilsa, noto'g'ri bo'ladi.* Umumiy vaqt oralig'ida hozirgi mukammal zamondan foydalanish mutlaqo maqbuldir. "I went for a walk on Tuesday." "I have gone for a walk every Tuesday this year."