什么事情已经开始并且仍在继续？英语单词

by DuoCards

*过去分词* 欢迎来到本课程，我们将讨论始于过去、延续至今的事情！作为热身，我们将学习一些您可能已经知道的*不规则动词*。它们通常有*三种形式：不定式、过去式和过去分词。* 让我们来看看这些例子： "to see" -"saw" -"seen" "to meet" -"met" -"met" "to say" -"said" -"said"

to meet

见面

I have met him before.

I have met...

我已经见过……

I have met this guy before.

We have met before.

我们以前见过。

I thought I recognized you; we have met before at the conference.

before

之前

I always brush my teeth before going to bed.

They have not met before.

他们以前还没见过面。

the influence

影响力

Don't let him influence you!

Travel has influenced my life.

旅行影响了我的生活。

I have said...

我已经说过……

I have said a few words.

I have said this many times before.

我以前已经说过很多次了。

I have seen

我见过

I have seen him before.

我以前见过他。

She has not seen him before.

她以前从未见过他。

*你今天见过Memo吗？* 现在完成时由*动词的现在时态"HAVE"和*动词的过去分词*构成。 *我们使用现在完成时：* 1. 用于某事*从过去开始并持续到现在*： "She has lived in Liverpool all her life." 2. 当我们谈论*到目前为止的经历时*： "I have seen that movie before." 3. 用于某事*发生在过去但在现在很重要*： "I can't get in the house. I have lost my keys." 在本节中你将学习的不规则动词： "to know" - "knew" - "known" "to lose" - "lost" - "lost"

Have you seen him?

你看到他了吗？

he has seen

他已经看过了

He has seen the movie.

He has seen many things.

他见多识广。

I have lived

我住过

I have lived in Paris my whole life.

I have lived here all my life.

我一辈子都住在这里。

to lose

输掉

I've lost the game.

we have lost

我们输了

We have lost the keys.

the appetite

食欲

I have lost my appetite.

my whole life

我的一辈子

My whole life I've been trying to deal with it.

I've known him my whole life.

我认识他一辈子了。

*现在完成时态的疑问句* 用现在完成时态提问时，*助动词*在前，主语在后，然后是主要动词的过去分词。 "Have you eaten dinner yet?" "Has the party started?" 你也可以用现在完成时提出开放性问题： "Where have you been?" 不规则动词： "to hear" -"heard" -"heard" "to do" -"did" -"done"

Has it started?

已经开始了吗？

Has the movie started?

Have we met?

我们见过面吗？

Have we met before?

to hear

听见

Can you hear me well?

Have you heard of it?

你听说过吗？

Have you heard of it before?

to fail a class

挂科

How many times have you failed a class?

Have you visited France?

你以前去过法国吗？

foreign countries

外国

What foreign countries have you visited?

What have you done?

你都做了些什么？

What have you done to me?

*现在完成时态的否定句* 要在否定句中使用现在完成时态，只需*在助动词后面、过去分词之前*加上否定词（如 not 或 never）*。 "I have not slept well since exams started." 不规则动词： "to sleep" -"slept" -"slept" "to speak" -"spoke" -"spoken"

to sleep well

睡个好觉

I have not slept well since exams started.

I have not slept all night.

我整晚没睡。

He has never seen it.

他从来没见过。

My friend has never seen the ocean.

I haven't seen him today.

我今天没见到他。

to speak

说话

He hasn't spoken to me yet.

She has spoken to the teacher about the problem.

她已经和老师谈过那个问题了。

I have not done it.

我还没做。

I have not done it because I was busy with other things.

to reply

She has not replied to my message yet.

We have never been there.

我们从来没去过那里。

We have never been to Australia.

to reach

达到

The jury has not reached a verdict yet.

to receive an update

获取更新

We haven’t received any updates on our project.

*永远不要!* 我们经常使用副词"ever" 来谈论到*现在为止的经验*。 "It was the worst day I have ever had." 而我们用"never" 来表示*否定形式*。 "I have never met his wife."

I have never seen you before.

我以前从未见过你。

Have you ever heard of it?

你听说过这件事吗？

a song

一首歌

I love this song!

I have heard that song before.

我以前听过那首歌。

Have you been here before?

你以前来过这里吗？

You have never been here before.

你以前从没来过这里。

to say

说

What did he say about the party?

We have never said that.

我们从未说过那样的话。

never ever

再也不

I promise to never ever do it again.

*"Have been and have gone"* 当某人*去了一个地方又回来*时，我们使用"have/has been" ： A:"Where have you been?" B:"I have just been out to the supermarket." 但当某人*没有返回*时，我们使用"have/has gone" ： A:"Where's Maria? I haven't seen her for weeks." B:"She's gone to Paris for a week. She'll be back tomorrow." *注意*： "I have" ="I've" "She has" = "she's" 动词的简单过去式和过去分词"to be" 和"to go" ： "to be" -"was" /"were" -"been" "to go" -"went" -"gone"

Where have you been?

你刚才去哪儿了？

I've been...

我一直以来都……

I've been to Germany before.

I've been to the grocery.

我去过商店了。

I’ve been to the grocery, and I bought some fresh fruits.

I've been here before.

我以前来过这里。

As I entered the museum, I remembered, "I've been here before."

she has been

她一直是

She has been to Germany before.

Has she been to Australia before?

她以前去过澳大利亚吗？

he has gone

他出去了

He has gone to work.

He has gone to school.

他去学校了。

They've gone too far.

他们做得太过了。

*"Already" 或"yet"?* "Already" 与现在完成时搭配使用，* 表示 *在现在之前*。我们用它来强调 *某件事发生在其他事情之前* 或比预期的要早。 "The train has left already!" "Yet" 与现在完成时连用*表示*到现在为止的任何时候*。我们用它来强调我们期待某事很快发生。Yet（在这里）只用于*否定句和疑问句。* "I haven't finished it yet. I'll do it after dinner." 本节将学习不规则动词： "to leave" -"left" -"left" "to win" -"won" -"won" "to sell" -"sold" -"sold"

He has already left.

他已经走了。

He hasn't left yet.

他还没走。

to win

获胜

We haven't won yet.

They have won the game today.

他们今天赢得了比赛。

We've met already.

我们已经见过面了。

We haven't met yet.

我们还没见过面。

Have you met Ted?

你见过泰德吗？

to sell

销售

Have you sold your car already?

to finish

完成

Have you finished your homework yet?

I've already been here.

我以前来过这里。

I’ve already been here, so I know the way to the park.

We have sold our old car.

我们已经把旧车卖了。

*现在完成进行时* 现在完成进行时用"have/has been" 和动词的"-ing" 形式构成。我们通常用这种时态来强调*某事在现在仍在继续*： "It's been raining for hours." "I've been working all day." 注意： "it has" ="it's" "I have"= "I've"

I've been studying for hours.

我已经学了好几个小时了。

all day

一整天

It's been raining all day.

My father has been working all day.

我父亲整天都在工作。

to talk

说话

Are you talking to me?

You've been talking too much.

你一直话太多了。

lately

最近

She has recently started a new job.

She has been helping us recently.

她最近一直在帮助我们。

Have you been seeing her?

你最近有和她见面吗？

She has been seeing him for weeks now.

她和他交往已经有好几个星期了。

*如何使用现在完成时连续时态？* 我们用"Present Perfect Continuous tense" 来谈论过去开始、最近停止的动作。现在通常有一个结果。 "I'm tired because I've been running." 本节将学习不规则动词： "to understand" -"understood" -"understood" "to run" -"ran" -"run" "to think" -"thought" -"thought"

It's been raining.

一直在下雨。

wet

湿的

My clothes are wet from water.

the grass

草地

Dogs wallowed on the grass.

The grass is wet because it's been raining.

草地是湿的，因为下过雨了。

Have you been listening?

你刚才在听吗？

Have you been listening to the lesson?

to understand

理解

You don't understand because you haven't been listening.

They have understood the rules of the game.

他们已经理解了游戏规则。

a face

一张脸

She has such a nice face.

to run

跑步

The dogs run across the road.

He has run three marathons in his life.

他这辈子跑过三次马拉松。

Her face is red because she's been running.

她因为一直在跑步，所以脸红扑扑的。

to think

思考

I have thought about this recently.

I've been thinking about you.

我一直在想你。

I've been thinking about you since our last conversation.

*"For" 和"since" 我们常用 FOR 和 SINCE 来表示完成时态：我们用 FOR 来表示一段时间： *"for three hours" "for two months" 我们用 since 来表示过去的某个时间点： "since yesterday" "since 9 o'clock"

I have been studying for three hours.

我已经学了三个小时了。

since March

自三月以来

I've been seeing him since March.

She has been visiting us since March.

她从三月份以来就一直来拜访我们。

since then

从那时起

I moved to a new city last year, and since then, I have made many new friends.

I have been watching TV since 7pm.

我从晚上七点就开始看电视了。

for a long time

很长时间

She's been living in New York for a long time now.

He has been playing football for a long time.

他踢足球已经很久了。

since I left school

自从我毕业以后

I have been unemployed since I left school.

I've been living in Berlin since I left school.

我从毕业后就一直住在柏林。

since yesterday

从昨天开始

I have been tired since yesterday.

It's been raining since yesterday.

从昨天起就一直在下雨。

*现在完成时简单式还是进行式？* 我们使用*现在完成时简单式（"have" 或 "has" + 过去分词）*和"现在完成时进行式"（"have" 或 "has" + "been" + "-ing" 形式）*来谈论与现在仍然*有关的过去动作或状态。* 现在完成时简单式通常关注活动的结果。 "You've cleaned the bathroom! It looks lovely!" 现在完成时进行式通常关注活动本身。 "I've been gardening. It's so nice out there." 在本节中你将学习的不规则动词： "to write" - "wrote" - "written" "to read" - "read" - "read" "to have" - "had" - "had" "to grow" - "grew" - "grown"