They are The Heirs of Alexander the Great among them the most famous queen of antiquity
the TM is rule Egypt longer than any other Dynasty it's a last Heyday on the Nile and
an era of great changes the toic dynasty transmitted Egypt ancient Egypt you know
to the modern European world and yet with them the history of ancient Egypt ends
what's the tmis formula for success and why did their empire collapse in the [Music]
end in 333 BC the young ruler of Macedonia Alexander III challenges the Persian king Darius
the opponents meet at isos the macedonians are clearly outnumbered Victory seems
impossible with a daring cavalry charge Alexander turns the tables on the Persians
he puts their King to flight and defeats his army if he pursues him now he has
a chance to destroy the enemy once and for all yet Alexander decides against it
it he wants to move South to the legendary Empire of the Pharaohs ancient Egypt has
existed for more than 2,700 years with its magnificent buildings its mysterious
religions and its immeasurable riches however the great days of Egypt have long passed in
the 6th Century BC the Persians made Egypt one of their provinces [Music]
like all subject peoples the Egyptians must pay tribute to the great king as is shown on the relief in his Capital
pepolis after his victory over Darius Alexander wants to end
Persian rule in Egypt and win the Throne of the Pharaohs for himself the Macedonian King leaves nothing to charge
Alexander was brilliant he knew that you didn't just take over a country by force and he decided
for whatever reason that he liked Egypt a lot and he figured out a way to win the hearts and
minds of the ancient Egyptian Alexander's first journey takes him to the capital
Memphis there he sacrifices a live bull to the god arpis in the local
Sanctuary Alexander thus deliberately sets himself
apart from the Persian rulers who it is said had killed the arpis bull in Memphis an ancient author claims that following this outrage the Persians were hated throughout
Egypt the problem is that these texts were written in retrospect so the
are portrayed in a most positive light especially Alexander the Great who ended Persian rule over Egypt is shown as a shining hero so it's a bit difficult to evaluate the
Persian period appropriately the Persians don't merely rule they also bring Innovations into the
land on the Nile such as the camel until then donkeys were the main means of transportation
the undemanding animals make it possible to open up entirely new routs through the desert
the Persians also improve the infrastructure of the country they dig a canal connecting the
Nile with the Red Sea it allows fast and easy travel between Persia and [Music] Egypt Alexander has even bigger plans for the newly won country during
an inspection trip from the Nile to the coast he recognizes what Egypt is missing
an oceangoing port and so he founds a city on the Mediterranean Coast bearing his name he
chooses the location carefully Alexandria is from alexand Alexandria was founded
by Alexander at a most favorable strategic location with Harbors to the Mediterranean Sea but also a good connection to the Inland via various waterways and he certainly also
founded the city with a view to create a hinge between Egypt and the rest of the Mediterranean Basin and Alexandria fulfilled this function just wonderfully in the period that
follows Alexander plans the city himself the port is crucial a Causeway to the island
of farus creates two protected basins one for the Navy one for the merchant
Fleet a canal is built to connect the city on the med Anan sea with the Nile
Delta soon after founding Alexandria Alexander sets his sights on a new